+中考英语语法汇总.docx

【中考英语语法汇总】名词语法讲解（一）名词概述名词用来表示人或事物的名称。名词可分为专有名词和普通名词，普通名词又可分为可数名词和不可数名词，可数名词有单复数形式，不可数名词没有复数形式，也不能与不定冠词连用。在考试命题中，主要是考察可数、不可数名词的区分，以及量词修饰的使用。考试的题型主要是选择题和词性转换。另外，名词的所有格也是重要的考查部分，主要是区分s和of的用法。（二）基础知识梳理1. 名词复数形式的构成1）规则变化（1）一般名词后面加s。如：month-months，bird-birds。（2）以s，ss，x，ch，sh结尾的名词，后面加es。如：bus-buses，boss-bosses，box-boxes，match-matches，brush-brushes。（3）以o结尾的名词，有的加es，如：patato-patatoes，mango-mangoes，tomato-tomatoes；有的加s，如：radio-radios，zoo-zoos，piano-pianos。（4）以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i再加es。如：factory-factories，city-cities。以元音字母加y结尾的名词，直接加s，如：toy-toys，day-days。（5）以f或fe结尾的名词，变f或fe为v再加es。如：knife-knives，wolf-wolves（例外：roof-roofs，chief-chiefs），scarf-scarfs或scarves。2）不规则变化（1）改元音字母，构成复数。如：man-men，woman-women，foot-feet，fisherman-fishermen，tooth-teeth，mouse-mice（例外：German-Germans，walkman-walkmans,human-humans）。（2）单复数形式一样。如：sheep-sheep，Chinese-Chinese，Japanese-Japanese，deer-deer，fish-fish。（3）词尾变化。如：child-children。（4）只有复数形式，无单数形式的名词。如;clothes，trousers，glasses，shoes。（5）以man和woman构成的复合名词变复数时，要采用双复数形式。如：man tourist-men tourists，woman teacher-women teachers。2. 名词的数量表达可数名词：用数词直接修饰，如：one book，three watches，200 years；与量词连用，量词与所修饰名词都要用复数形式，如：three pairs of shoes，hundreds of years；与模糊数量词连用，如：a few relatives，some people，many boys，a lot of/lots of computers，a large number of students。不可数名词：与量词连用，量词有复数形式，而不可数名词不能有复数形式。如：two loaves of bread，a bottle of water；与模糊量词连用，如：some work，a little milk，much advice/time/money，a lot of/lots of news，a large amount of information。模糊数量词修饰可数名词，有如下几个：many，a few，few，a large number of。模糊数量词修饰不可数名词，有如下几个：much，a little，little，huge amounts of，a great deal of。模糊数量词既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词，有如下几个：some，any，a lot of，lots of，plenty of，enough。3. 名词所有格1）表示有生命的名词所有格（1）单数名词加s，如：Peters bag。（2）词尾有s或es的复数名词加“”，如：the teachers office。（3）不以s或es结尾的复数名词后仍加“s”，如：Childrens Day。（4）表示时间、距离，如：todays newspaper，two hours walk。2）表示无生命的名词所有格，用of+名词所有格，如：the front gate of the City Hall，a map of China。3）表示有生命的名词所有格，也可用of+名词所有格，如：a friend of mine，a book of janes，a friend of Marys sisters。【注意】Peter and Marys desk 表示“彼得和玛丽合用的桌子”Peters and Marys desks 表示“彼得和玛丽各自的桌子”【中考英语语法汇总】名词：同步练习(1)名词语法经典例题1. Tomorrow Im going to my_. Its a _.A aunt.five minutes walk B aunts.five minutes walkC aunt.five minutes walk D aunts.five minutes walk2. A computer is one of the greatest_in this century.A inventors B inventions C invitations D invention3. We havent_homework to do today.A many B a lot of C few D much4. Mr. Black is a teacher full of_.Yesterday he told us his_in the U.S.A experience.experience B experiences.experiencesC experience.experiences D experiences.experience5. Three hours_enough for a_boy to read books.A is.ten-year-old B are.ten-year-oldC is.ten-years-old D are.ten-years-old6. _that pair of new_expensive?A Is.shoe B Are.shoeC Is.shoes D Are.shoes7. Linda, Ive bought many_. Now lets make the birthday cake.A fresh eggs B chocolate milkC frozen food D rice dumplings8. The two_are my_.A womans doctors.girls friends B women doctors.girls friendsC woman doctors.girl friends D women doctors.girl friends9. Mr. Lin often gives us_by e-mail.A some good information B some good informationsC good informations D a good information10. These are_houses.A Wang and my uncle B the Wangs and my unclesC the Wangs and my uncle D the Wangs and my uncles11. People waste_water every day.A a large number of B a huge amount ofC many D quite a lot12. They tended(照顾)_, and buried(埋葬)_.A wounded.dead B the wounded.deadC the wounded.the dead D wounded.the dead13. We are_.They are_.A Chinese.Germen B Chinese.GermanC Chinese.Germany D Chinese.Germans14.Did you have a lot of_last weekend?A funny B funnies C fun D funs15. Which is wrong?_A How many cartons of milk are there on the tables?B How much carton of milk is there on the table?C How many cartons are there on the table?D How much milk is there on the table?答案及解析1【解析】 答案是D。在表达五分钟的路程时用名词所有格，虽然时间属于无生命但表达时间、距离、国家所有格时就用s或s形式，又因为五分钟的表达为five minutes是复数，它的所有格只要后面加就可以了,那么排除B，C答案，根据题意“我要去舅妈家”而不是“去舅妈”，因此又排除A。2【解析】 答案是B。上面四个选项中，A是发明家，C是请帖，从句意看不对。由于句中有one of.结构，可以判断出空格中要填名词的复数形式，这样就否定了D。因此，本题答案为B。3【解析】 答案是D。much修饰不可数名词，many和few修饰可数名词，a lot of即可修饰不可数名词也可修饰可数名词。homework是不可数名词，因此答案A、C不对，又因为本句是否定句，而a lot of只能用在肯定句中，故正确答案为D。4【解析】答案是C。experience有两个中文意思，“经验”和“经历”。当表达经验时，是不可数名词，表达经历时，是可数名词。根据题意，布莱克先生是一个教学经验丰富的老师，因此此处应选experience。而后面表达他告诉我们他在美国的一些经历，是可数名词，故应选experiences。5【解析】答案是A。表达一个10岁男孩可以是a boy of ten或a ten-year-old boy。在C、D答案中year后面多加了s,故都不对。容易混淆的是three hours作主语时的单复数，我们知道3小时是表示时间的概念，不管是几小时都作不可数名词，因此本题选A。6【解析】答案是C。鞋子是表示复数性的名词，一双鞋的表达为a pair of shoes，这样可以排除答案A、B。又因为数量表达为一双，故谓语动词用单数is而不是are。7【解析】答案是A。many修饰可数名词，而B、C中的milk和food是不可数名词，都可排除。根据题意“我们要去做生日蛋糕”，因此需要买的东西应该是新鲜的鸡蛋而不是饺子，故选A。8【解析】答案是D。以man和woman构成的复合词变成复数时，要采用双复数形式，即女医生们表达为women doctors，这样可以排除A、C，而以girl和boy构成的复合词变成复数时，只要把后面的合成词变成复数就行了，女朋友们表达为girl friends。故D是正确的。9【解析】答案是A。information是不可数名词，它既没有复数形式，故可确定B、C不对；也不可以用具体的数量a来表达，因此D也不对。some可以修饰可数和不可数名词，因此A是正确答案。比较常用的不可数名词还有news、work、advice、music、weather等。10【解析】答案是D。空格中应填名词所有格，表达某人的房子。在表示“王家”时，应在定冠词the之后接姓的复数Wangs；在表示“王家的”时，the Wangs后面加“”，这样就成为the Wangs，而表达“我舅舅的房子”就简单多了。因此选D。11【解析】答案选B。A和C答案都是修饰可数名词，由于本句中water是不可数名词，因此排除A、C答案。D答案表达不准确，修饰名词时必须是用a lot of结构，a lot只能修饰动词，并放在动词之后，如：Thanks a lot；Help me a lot。12【解析】答案是C。一些形容词加定冠词the，可以作名词使用，表示具有这一特征的一类人或事物。如：the young 年轻人，the old 老人，the rich 有钱人，the poor 穷人。13【解析】答案是D。本题考查专有名词Chinese和German的复数形式。Chinese“中国人”的单复数形式相同；而German“德国人”的复数形式是Germans。这种不规则的专有名词还有Japanese，deer，walkman，human。14【解析】答案是C。本题考查fun和funny的用法。fun的意思是乐事、有趣、乐趣，是不可数名词，它没有复数形式，故D项是干扰项；而funny意思是滑稽可笑的，是形容词性质的，不可能去y加es变为复数，故B项也是干扰项。根据句中修饰语a lot of，因其后应跟名词，因此选C。15【解析】答案选B。一盒牛奶表达为a carton of milk，谓语动词用单数；两盒牛奶表达为two cartons of milk，谓语动词用复数，因此A项正确。C项问的是桌上有几个纸盒，纸盒是可数名词，谓语动词用复数，也正确。D项问桌上有多少牛奶，牛奶是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数，也是正确的。所以只有B项存在错误。【中考英语语法汇总】名词：同步练习(2)强化练习(一) 中译英1. 今天的报纸 2. 去他兄弟家3. 孩子们的新书包 4. 中国的教育5. 很多有用的信息 6. 一群鹿7. 小明的几个同学 8. 20分钟的车程9. 一张我父亲本人的照片 10. 我阿姨的房子11. 三双新鞋 12. 几百辆自行车13. 大量的牙齿 14. 房间的门15. 几把刀 16. 一张世界地图17. 儿童节 18. 许多德国人19. 上海的天气 20. 五英尺深的洞(二) 用适当的名词填空1. Most_can sing this popular song. (Germany)2. Its my_to help you with English. (please)3. During his_from me, I was busy inside and outside. (absent)4. He bought three_of bread for breakfast. (loaf)5. The_are all tall and strong. (speech)6. Lu Xun was one of the most famous_at that time. (write)7. Some of people have good_. (memorize)8. Please tell me the_. (true)9. The_of the people on the plane surprised us a lot. (die)10. I have got Toms_. (invite)(三) 选择题1. There is no_in the room.A chairs B cotton C desks D books2. _room is very nice.A Toms and Johns B Toms and JohnC Tom and Johns D Tom and John3. There is_bread in my fridge. Please buy_on your way home.A a little.some B a little.anyC little.some D little.any4. The park is only_walk from our school.A ten-minutes B ten minutesC ten minute D ten minutes5. Thanks for your_. _helpful.A advices.Theyre B advices.ItsC advice.Its D advice.Theyre6. -What are those women?-They are_.A policewomans B policewomen C women policeman D woman policewomen7. A friend of_will come to see_tomorrow.A me.mine B mine.me C my.me D mine.mine8. Your trousers_too dirty. You must have_washed.A is.it B are.it C are.them D is.them9. How many_did they buy yesterday?A rice B bag of rice C bags of rices D bags of rice10. Nowadays_are not always made of_.A glass.glass B glasses.glass C glass.glasses D glasses.glasses参考答案(一) 中译英1. todays newspaper 2. go to his brothers3. childrens new schoolbags 4. Chinese education5. much useful information 6. a group of deer7. a few classmates of Xiao Mings 8. twenty minutes ride9. a photo of my father 10. my aunts house11. three pairs of new shoes 12. hundreds of bikes13. plenty of teeth 14. the door of the room15. a few knives 16. a map of the world17. Childrens Day 18. many Germans19. Shanghais weather 20. a five-foot-deep hole(二) 用适当的名词填空1. Germans 2. pleasure 3. absence 4. loaves 5. speakers 6. writers 7. memories 8. truth 9. death 10. invitation(三) 选择题1. B 2. C 3. C 4. D 5. C 6. B 7. B 8. C 9. D 10. B中考必背重点句型归纳：常用动名词1.Enjoy/like/love/be fond of doing sth. 喜欢做某事eg:She is fond of doing chemical experiments. 她喜欢做化学实验。2.Keep/keep on/carry on/go on doing sth. 继续做某事eg:We keep on going on and on cause this is where we both belong. 让我们一直拥有，并走下去，因为这是我们俩共同拥有的。3.Feel like doing sth. 想要做某事eg:I feel like giving up on the job. 我觉得我不能从工作中摆脱出来。4.Practice doing sth. 练习做某事eg:They practice doing so quickly and accurately. 他们学习快而准确的做。5.Give up doing sth. 放弃做某事eg:If my boss asks me to do such kind of thing any more, Ill give up working. 如果我老板再要我做这样的事，我就辞职不干了。6.Be good at/do well in doing sth. 擅长做某事eg:For example, the Dutch do well in disposing of wastes. 欧洲就非常善于使用再生资源，例如：荷兰的垃圾。7.Pay attention to doing sth. 注意做某事eg:We should pay attention to our behavior in public. 在公共场所应注意自己的言谈举止。8.What about/how about doing sth. 怎么样（好吗）？eg:What about editing of the film? 这部电影的编辑怎么样呢？9.Thank you for doing sth. 为感谢某人eg:Thank you for flying with us. 谢谢您乘坐我们的飞机。10.Mind doing sth. 介意做某事eg:Would you mind doing me a favour? 你介意帮我个忙吗？11.Be used for doing sth./be used to do sth. 被用来做某事eg:Computers are used to do many jobs in the office. 电脑在办公室被用来做很多事。12.Spend (in) doing sth. 花时间做某事eg:How much time you spend doing daily exercise? 你每天花多少时间做运动？13.Be busy doing/with sth. 忙于做某事eg:He is busy with some important work. 他忙着处理一些重要的工作。14.Finish doing sth. 做完某事eg:Youd better finish doing your homework tonight. 你最好今晚完成家庭作业。15.Make a contribution to doing sth. 在做贡献eg:We will try our best to make a contribution to lighting industry. 竭力为照明事业做出贡献！16.Prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 喜欢胜过eg:He prefers doing to talking. 他宁愿做，不愿说。17.Be/get used to doing sth. 习惯做某事eg:Life is not fair, get used to it. 生活是不公平的，但我们要适应它。18.Keep/stop/prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事eg:Unless we get more funding, well be prevented from finishing our experimental programme. 除非我们得到更多的拨款，否则就会妨碍完成这项试验计划。中考英语总结：只能接ing的动词allow/permit 允许consider 考虑suggest/advice 建议finish 完成imagine 想象practise 练习understand 明白appreciate/enjoy 喜欢miss 错过，怀念prevent 阻止forbid 禁止escape 避免include 包括forgive/pardon/excuse 原谅dislike 厌恶discuss 讨论report 报道admit 承认mind 介意risk 冒险cant stand 不能忍受burst out 突然开始feel like 想要insist on 坚持delay/put off 推迟中考必背重点句型归纳：常用的动词不定式1.Its time to do sth./Its time for sth 该做某事的时候了eg:Now its time to sing alone. 现在是独自唱下去的时候了。2.cant wait to do sth. 迫不及待要做某事eg:We cant wait to have a try. 我们等不及想要常试一下了。3.Ask/tell sb. (not ) to do sth. 要求/告诉某人(不)做某事eg:Did I not tell you to help robbery/homicide? 难道我没有告诉你要去协助调查抢劫谋杀案么?4.Allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事eg:As long as I am alive, Ill not allow you to do that. 只要我活着就不允许你做那件事。5.Be supposed to do sth. 应该做某事eg:I did everything right, everything I was supposed to do. 我做的一切都是正确的，我做了一切我该做的事。6.Would like/want (sb.) to do sth. 想要做某事eg:I would like some coffee. 我想要一点儿咖啡。7.Have sth/nothing to do 与有关/与无关eg:This thing has nothing to do with you. 这事和你一点关系也没有。8.find it +adj. to do sth. 发觉做某事eg:I find it difficult to live with him. 我发现跟他生活在一起是很困难的。9.Prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿做某事，而不愿做某事eg:I prefer to do hard work rather than do nothing at home. 我宁愿干重活而不愿在家无所事事。10.Its +adj. for sb. to do sth. 做某事对某人来说eg:Its difficult for women to get jobs in high position. 对妇女来说得到一个高职位的工作是很难的。11.Its better/best to do sth. 最好做某事eg:Generally, its better to apply filler materials in thin layers. 一般来说，最好适用于薄层填充材料。12.It takes sb/sth. to do sth. 某人做某事用了一些时间eg:It takes some time to cultivate a new friendship. 建立一段新的友谊需要一段时间。【中考英语语法汇总】形容词和副词语法讲解（一）（一）形容词和副词概述形容词是指那些用来描述或修饰名词(或代词)的一类词。一般放在其所修饰的名词之前。在句中用作定语、表语、补语、状语等。多数形容词具有比较等级。副词是用以修饰动词、形容词、句子以及其他副词的词。在形式上，许多副词带有后缀ly。形容词、副词是中学英语重要语法项目，也是中考重要考查内容。考查重点是：（1）考查形容词与副词区别。形容词与副词均属修饰性词类，但因被修饰内容有所不同而具备不同的用法，中考非常注重对此进行考查，在单项选择题中出现了大量此类试题。（2）考查“级”的范围。两个事物进行比较应使用比较级，三个或三个以上事物进行比较应使用最高级。（3）考查比较级、最高级的注意点：同类事物进行比较。将主语排除在被比较的范围之外的比较，因为主语只能和他人或他物相比，而不能和自己相比。使用最高级时应将主语包含在最高级的范围之内，否则离开这个范围，主语便不能成为这个范围中的最高级。（4）考查比较级的重要句型。比较级有许多热点句型：from bad to worse/worse and worse(每况愈下)；more and more(越来越多的，越来越)；the+比较级，the+比较级(越越)。（5）考查asas同级比较句型。（6）考查比较级的程度修饰语。比较级的程度修饰语有：much，a 1ot，even，still，a bit，a little等。（7）考查易混形容词与副词的区别（二）基础知识梳理1形容词的用法和位置1）形容词作表语，表明主语的性质和特征，放在连系动词之后。如：Computers are very useful in our everyday lifeLeaves turn yellow in autumn2）形容词作定语，修饰名词或不定代词，通常放在名词之前，不定代词之后。如：This is an unhealthy dietThere is nothing important in todays newspaper3)形容词作宾语补足语，放在宾语之后，与其构成复合宾语。如：You should keep your classroom clean and tidyI found it difficult to get on well with the manager2副词的用法和位置1）副词修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，表示动作、状态的特征或某种性质的程度。根据其用途与含义，副词可分为下列六大类：（1）时间副词。常用的有：ago，before，now，then，soon，already，yet等。（2）地点副词。常用的有：here，there，up，down，above，below，inside，outside等。（3）疑问副词。常见的有：where，when，why，how等。（4）程度副词。常见的有：very，much，so，too，quite，enough等。（5）方式副词。多由“形容词+ly”后缀构成。如：carefully，quickly，easily，quietly等。（6）频度副词。常用的有：always，often，sometimes，usually，hardly，never等。2）副词在句中主要用作状语。也可充当定语、表语等。如：Its snowing heavily outside（状语，修饰动词）I have never heard such a beautiful voice（状语，修饰动词）unluckily, he failed in this physics exam again（状语，修饰整个句子）He was too excited to say a word（状语，修饰形容词）Class is over（表语）The weather here is different from that of Singapore(定语)3）程度副词通常位于被修饰的形容词副词之前，但enough则要放在后面。如：It was much more freezing today than yesterdayHe ran so fast that I couldnt catch up with himWe got up early enough to catch the first bus4）频度副词通常位于行为动词之前，be动词、助动词和情态动词之后，但一般不放在句末。如：I have never been late for classYou must always work like that5）几个副词同时出现时，其顺序一般为：方式副词+地点副词+时间副词(也可位于句首)。3形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成分为三种类型：1）在大多数单音节词和少数双音节词的词尾加er，est。（1）一般情况在词尾加-er，est。如：hard harder hardest（2）以字母e结尾的只加-r，-st。如：large larger largest（3）以辅音字母+y结尾的，先改y为i，再加-er，est。如：healthy healthier healthiest（4）单元音单辅音结尾的重读闭音节，先双写该辅音，再加-er，est。如：thin thinner thinnest注：词尾为ow，er，le结尾的双音节词都采用这种形式。如：narrow narrower narrowestclever cleverer cleverestsimple simpler simplest2）在多音节和部分双音节词的词前加more，most。另外，由过去分词转化而成的形容词，不论多少个音节都用这种形式。如：serious more serious most seriouspopular more popular most populartired more tired most tiredpleased more pleased most pleased3）不规则变化：good/well better bestbad/ill/badly worse worstmany/much more mostlittle less leastfar farther/further farthest/furthestold older/elder oldest/eldest4形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法1）同级比较。常用句型为：肯定结构：as+形容词（副词）原级+ as否定结构：not so (as)+形容词（副词）原级+as如： Our garden is as beautiful as theirs.Jane didnt write as/so carefully as her elder sister.上述本句型前可以有表示倍数或分数的修饰语，如：This room is three times as large as that one.2）程度不等的比较，常与than连用，其基本句型是： A+形容词（副词）比较级+ than B如：Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China. Which do you like better, strawberries or grapes?3）最高级。最高级用于三者或三者以上的比较，其结构是：the+形容词（副词）最高级+比较范围（of/among/in短语） 如： Spring is the best season in Shanghai.David is the cleverest among the three brothers. Tom jumps (the) farthest of all the students.注：副词的最高级前the可以省略。5学习比较等级时的些注意事项1）比较的对象应当一致。如：Its hotter in Guangzhou than Beijing.（误）Its hotter in Guangzhou than in Beijing.（正）A womans heart beats faster than a man.（误）A womans heart beats faster than a mans.（正）2)不能与自身相比较。应借助other或else来表达排除。如：Beckham is more popular than any football player in the world.（误） Beckham is more popular than any other football player in the world（正）Beckham is more popular than all the other football players in the world.（正）Beckham is more popular than any football player, else in the world.（正）Beckham is the most popular football player in the world.（正）3)形容词和副词的比较级前可以用以下单词来修饰：much, even, far, a bit, a little, a lot，still等。This pair of shoes is even cheaper.The new textbook is a little thicker than the old one.He is five years younger than I.4)在比较级的句子中出现“of the two”之类的结构时，比较级前也需加定冠词the。如：He is the shorter of the two boys.Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?5)“比较级+ and+比较级”结构，表示“越来越”，多音节词则要用“more+ and+more+原级”。如：A block of ice is becoming smaller and smaller.I am more and more interested in history.6)“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，表示“越是就越”。如：The sooner, the better.（越快越好。）The busier he is, the happier he feels.【中考英语语法汇总】形容词和副词：同步练习形容词和副词经典例题1. “We must keep _ in the library.” the woman said _ to me. A. quiet；quietly B. quietly；quietly C.quietly；quiet D. quiet；quiet2. This kind of T-shirt looks _ and sells _.A. nice well B. nice good C. wellwell D. good nice3. John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes _.A. open B. to be opened C. to open D. opening4. There is _ interesting in Channel 7. Try others.A. something B. nothing C. anything D. everything5. I cant get anything on TV. There must be _with it.A. wrong something B. wrong nothing C. something wrong D. nothing wrong6. None of the students watched the experiment _, did they? A. careful enough B. carefully enough C. enough careful D. enough carefully7. A: “Has your mother come back home?”B: “_.”A. Not yet B. Not already C. Not still D. Not ever8. There was a _ talk between the two leaders las