2010年高考英语热点南京新题型“短文填词”解题思路.doc

高考英语热点：南京新题型“短文填词”解题思路一、题型说明1. 形式：替换试卷中原短文改错题，重点考查单词拼写、语言基础知识、语篇理解能力和语言表达能力；在考查词汇的同时也考查学生读与写的能力。考生必须在理解短文内容的基础上，把握短文主旨大意，运用所学语言知识填空，使短文语篇完整。2. 选材：符合学生的书面表达水平，短文词数在130左右，共设10小题，第一行不设题，其余每行挖空一处设一题；考查以实词为主，兼顾其他词性。3. 提示方式：有首字母提示、汉语提示、语境提示，其中首字母提示、汉语提示各34个，语境提示23个。每个空格根据提示用一个单词的适当形式填空。4. 答案的唯一性。如果出现与标准答案不同,但符合题目要求的答案也可以接受，具体由阅卷点裁定。每个空格只能填入一个答案，超过一个的，该小题以零分计。短文填词共10小题，每小题1分， 满分10分二、短文填词题八大考点1、名词：可数、不可数，可数名词的单复数形式；特别容易忽略名词的单复数，知道了名词的单复数，有时特别容易拼错，尤其是一些可数名词单复数的特殊变化，以及动名词之间的转换；如：leafleave; mediummedia; adviseadvice, practisepractice; succeedsuccess;2、动词：时态、语态、非谓语及动词形式的不规则变化；broadcast（broadcast, broadcast）广播 equip（equipped, equipping）装备注意：quarrel, signal, travel中的l可双写（英国英语）也可不双写（美国英语）3、形容词、副词：形容词与副词的区别（也可能考比较级及最高级）；Simplesimply, fishfisherman,possiblepossibly 可能的, practicalpractically 实际的4、数词：主要考序数词。容易拼错的序数词，如：1. twentytwentieth, 2. ninth第九 3. forty四十 4. twelfth第十二5、常见短语的掌握Call on号召，拜访（后接sb）/call in召集/ call at拜访某地; in good health; focus on关注/ concentrate on 集中注意力6、常见从句的掌握，定语从句与宾语从句的区别7、同义词的辨析Cloth布料/clothes衣服/clothing衣服总称, celebrate庆祝/ congratulate祝贺, hungry饿/starve饥饿, disturb打搅/bother打扰8、形近易混词的区分quality质量/ quantity数量, similar相似的/familiar熟悉的,adapt适应,改编/ adopt收养，采纳三、普遍存在的二大问题首先：单词拼写问题，很多可能知道要填的单词，但拼写往往出错；其次：如何确定所填词的词性，有些空确实特别需要注意的是细节的把握：如名词的单复数，动词形式的变化以及词性之间的变换。四、短文填词题三大解题策略关键找搭配信息第一、对于首字母提示和语境提示的空格：如何判断其意义及词性，关键看搭配，重点找已知信息。搭配包括：主谓搭配，动宾搭配，前置定语（形容词、动词分词）+名词或名词+后置定语（形容词，动词分词，介宾短语或者定语从句），谓语+状语（副词），副词修饰形容词等等。空格前后的已知信息词决定着空格词的词性；第二、汉语提示题相对简单：大部分我们可以根据汉语提示直接写出答案。但需特别注意的是有时题中给出我们的意思能够理解，但词性的选择和单词的选择还是需要根据具体的搭配信息确定。而且中文往往是模糊的，与之相近的意思的单词或许不止一个词。这时更需要我们根据文中已知信息来确定。For example:1. They got lost in the desert and _（挨饿）to death.解析：并列连词and 连接二谓语动词，前后一致，前面是动词got,则后面也应是动词的过去时,故只能填starved, 而不会是形容词hungry.2. Please give my _（祝贺）when you see her.3. Theyre going to _（庆祝）their victory with music and dancing.解析：庆祝和祝贺在中文看来是近似的，但在英文中的区别明显。Celebrate庆祝，后面接的宾语往往是胜利或是节日。而祝贺的宾语则是对个人成功等的祝贺。本题空格在动词give的后面，故应填congratulation. 而68题则应是celebrate.4. The book gives a short _（描述）of the city.解析：很明显该处应填名词description. 注意：describe和description的词性转化。第三、单词的正确拼写1. 名词：名词的单复数的确定主要根据：（1）. 并列连词 and, but以及or前后的名词或代词的单复数，前后往往是一致的；（2）. 根据主谓一致的原则，关键看谓语动词或系动词的数。1. On the morning of April 29, 2008, from 10:00 to 11:00, hundreds of millions of students from primary, middle schools and universities all over China joined in a national student sports program.2. We aim at quality rather than quantity.3. Eric came running into the room, out of breath.4. Nowadays most people use paper handkerchiefs（手帕）.5Spring has come, and the trees are thick with green leaves（叶子）.2. 动词:一定要注意动词的时态，语态及非谓语形式，这又和考查学生对动词ing及ed形式的变换的掌握能力息息相关。1. The patient kept coughing all night.2. Do you think swimming（游泳）is allowed in the canal .3. I recognized Mike the moment I saw him .4. Winning（赢得）the support of the majority requires time, energy and devotion.5. They finished measuring（测量）that piece of land last week.6. The boy spoke in a very low voice admitting（承认）he had broken the glass.3. 形容词:特别注意名词转化形容: Asia Asian, AustraliaAustralian, EuropeEuropean（地名等专有名词第一字母必须大写）。1. Rice is grown in China, Japan and other Asian countries.2. The story is written by an Australian（澳大利亚）engineer.3. This plant is found in the southern（南部）parts of the country4. She looks familiar to me, but I dont remember her names.5. My train was 20 minutes late in the morning and there was a similar（相似的）delay in the evening. 4. 副词：副词主要修饰形容词，和动词。1. Dont be frightened by the television camera. Just speak naturally（自然地）.2. Generally speaking, parents care more about their childrens health than about their own.3. The telephone rang and he answered it immediately.4Attention please ,the game will begin immediately（立刻）.5There are only five minutes left. Well have to walk quickly to get there on time.5. 数词和月份，星期 数词：主要考序数词。1. The twelfth（第十二）man in a football team will play if one of the other players is ill.2. Their office is on the ninth（第九）floor.3. Ill go and see you next Saturday（星期六）.4. January（一月）is the first month of the year.容易拼写错的数字。如： eighth第八 ninth第九 forty四十 twelfth第十二twentieth第二十一个星期七天： Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday FridaySaturday Sunday一年十二个月: January February March April May JuneJuly August September October November December6. 短语：1. Could you help Li and tell him how to get rid of this bad habit and return to normal life again？2. He was proud of the Olympic Gold Medal he won for his country.3. Not paying attention to the road can be dangerous, even deadly.4. It is important for drivers to focus（关注）on what is going on around them.7. 主从复合句：从样题分析来看，此题一般在12题左右。一般以考查从句的连接词为主，而宾语从句，定语从句以及时间状语从句的连接词出现频率较高。1. I think it/its a good idea for us Senior students to have daily sports.2. We spend an hour a day on exercise, which is well worth doing.3. His wife is worried and afraid that drinking will destroy their happy life as well as Li Hua himself.练习阅读下列短文，根据以下提示：1）汉语提示，2）首字母提示，3）语境提示，在每个空格内填入适当的英语单词，并将该词完整地写在右边相对应的横线上. 所填单词要求意义准确，拼写正确。（1）Fang Tong is 34 years old, an actor, director and teacher ofBeijing Opera Theatre. Most of his students are _other parts of 1. _China and have come to Beijing at the very young _ of sixteen 2. _or seventeen. He hopes to _（创造）an environment for his students 3. _that is much more relaxing _ the one he used to 4. _study in. He thinks that an _（演员）should relax himself when 5. _performing. Yet his students deeply _（尊重）him and he 6. _never needs to raise his voice in order to be h_. 7. _In his o_, actors should go on even when they 8. _feel they have made a m_ in their performances 9. _because the moment is a_ gone and people can never 10. _be back to it. . . So art is always changing and developing.（2）I was recently told that listening to loud music is graduallymaking people hard of hearing. Im sure it has already h_ 1. _to my neighbor. For years she has turned a _（聋）ear to 2. _my requests to turn her radio_. When she gives 3. _a party she wont have to i_ the rest of the street. 4. _Everyone can d_ to her music in his own room. 5. _Now a _（科学家）has discovered a certain electronic sounds 6. _have strange e_ on rats. He declares they break down, 7. _almost paralyzed（瘫痪）w_ their legs trembling. 8. _Then it is simply a matter of _（扔）them out by 9. _their tails. I wonder _the same thing will fall on 10. _my neighbor someday.（3）Like most of my schoolmates, I have neither brothers norsisters-in other_, I am an only child. My parents 1. _love me dearly of course and will do all they _ to make sure 2. _that I get a good_（教育）. They do not want me to do 3. _any work at home; they want me to d_ all my time to 4. _my studies so that Ill get good marks in all my _（科目）. We 5. _may be one family and live_ the same roof, but we do 6. _not seem to get much time to talk_（一起）. It looks 7. _as if my parents t_ me as a visitor or a guest. 8. _Do they really u_ their own daughter 9. _What things are in other families, I w_. 10. _（4）Fishingismyfavouritesport.Ioftenfishforhourswithoutc_anything. 1. _B_ thisdoesnotworryme. Somefishermen 2 . _areunlucky. I_ofcatchingfish,theycatch 3. _oldbootsand_（垃圾）. Iamevenlesslucky. 4. _I _catchanything-notevenoldboots. 5. _Afterhavings_wholemorningsontheriver, 6. _Ialwaysgohomewithan_（空的）bag. Youmustgiveupfishing! 7. _myfriendssay. Itsaw_oftime. Buttheydontrealize 8. _oneimportantthing. Imnotreallyinterested_fishing. 9. _Ijust enjoy_（坐）ina boatanddoingnothingatall! 10. _（5）IarrivedinLondonatlast. Therailwaystationwasbig,blackanddark.Ididnotknowthewaytomy_（旅馆）,soIaskedaporter. 1. _Inotonly spoke Englishverycarefully,butveryclearlyas_. 2. _Theporter,however,couldnotunderstandme. I_（重复）myquestion 3. _severalt_andatlastheunderstood. heansweredme,buthespoke 4. _neitherslowly_clearly. Iamaforeigner,Isaid. Thenhespokeslowly, 5. _butIcouldnotunderstandhim. MyteacherneverspokeEnglish_（像）that! 6. _TheporterandIlookedateachotherandsmiled. Thenhesaids_ 7. _andIunderstoodit. YoullsoonlearnEnglish!hesaid. I_（想知道）. 8. _InEngland,eachpersonspeaksad_language. TheEnglishunderstand 9. _eachother,_Idontunderstandthem!DotheyspeakEnglish? 10. _（6）IamanartstudentandIpaintalotofpictures.Manypeople_（假装）thattheyunderstandmodernart. Theyalways 1. _tellyouwhatapictureisabout. Ofc_,manypicturesarenotaboutanything.2. _Theyarejustprettypatterns. Weliketheminthes_way 3. _thatwelikeprettycurtain_（材料）. Ithinkthatyoungchildren 4. _oftenappreciatemodernpictures_thananyoneelse. 5. _Theynoticemore. Mysisteriso_seven,butshealwaystellsme 6. _mypicturesaregoodornot. Shecameintomyroomyesterday. 7. _Whatareyoudoing?sheasked.Im_（挂）thispictureonthewall,Ianswered. Itsanewone. Doyoulikeit? 8. _Shelookedatitcriticallyforamoment. Itsallright,shesaid,butisntitupside_?9. _Ilookedatitagain. Shewasr_!Itwas! 10. _（7）Lateintheafternoon,theboysputuptheirtentinthemiddleofafield.As_ asthiswasdone,theycookedamealoveranopenfire. 1. _Theywereallhungryandthefoods_good. Afterawonderfulmeal, 2. _theytolds_andsangsongsbythecampfire. Butsometimelater 3. _itbegantorain. Theboysfeltso tired_theyputoutthefireandcreptintotheirtent4. _Theirsleepingbagswere_（暖和）andcomfortable,sotheyallsleptsoundly. 5. _Inthemiddleofthenight,twoboyswokeupandbegan_（喊）. 6. _Thetentwas_ofwater!Theyallleaptoutoftheirsleepingbags 7. _andhurriedoutside. Itwasrainingh_andtheyfoundthat 8. _astreamhadformedinthe_（田野）. Thestreamwounditswayacrossthefield9. _andthenflowedrightu_theirtent! 10. _（8）TheWayleisasmallriverthatcutsacrosstheparknearmyhome.IlikesittingbytheWayleonfineafternoons. Itwaswarmlast_（星期四）, 1. _soIwentandsatontheriverbankasu_. Somechildrenwereplayinggames2. _onthebankand_weresomepeoplerowing ontheriver. 3. _Suddenly,oneofthechildren_（踢）aballveryhardand 4. _itwenttowardsa_（路过的）boat. Somepeopleonthebank 5. _calledouttothemanintheboat,buthedidnoth_them. 6. _Theballstruckhim_hardthathenearlyfellintothewater. 7. _Iturnedtolookatthechildren,buttherewerentanyins_: 8. _theyhadallr_away!Themanlaughedwhenherealizedwhathadhappened. 9. _Hecalledouttothechildrenandthrewtheball_tothebank. 10. _（9）Nearlyaweekpassedbeforethegirlwasabletoexplainwhathadhappenedtoher.Oneafternoonshesetoutf_thecoastinasmallboat 1. _andwas_inastorm. Towardsevening,theboatstruckarock 2. _andthegirljumpedintothesea. Thenshe_（游泳）totheshore 3. _afters_thewholenightinthewater. Duringthattime 4. _shecovereda _ofeightmiles. Earlynextmorning, 5. _shesawalighta_. Sheknewshewasneartheshore 6. _b_thelightwashighuponthecliffs. Onarrivingattheshore, 7. _thegirl_（挣扎）uptheclifftowardsthelightshehadseen. 8. _Thatwas a_ sheremembered. Whenshewokeupadaylater, 9. _shefound_inhospital. 10. _（10）RoyTrentonusedtodriveataxi. Ashortwhileago,however,hebecameabusdriverandhehasnot_（后悔）it. Heisfindinghisnewworkfarmoreexciting. 1. _WhenhewasdrivingalongCatfordStreet_（最近）, 2. _hesawtwo_rushoutofashopandruntowardsawaitingcar. 3. _Oneofthemwascarryingab_fullofmoney. 4. _Royactedquicklyanddrovethebus_（直接地）atthethem. 5. _Theonewiththemoneygot_afrightthathedroppedthebag. 6. _Astheyweretryingtogetaway_theircar,Roydrovehisbusintothebackofit. 7. _Thebatteredcarwasabout to moveaway w_Roystoppedhisbus 8. _andtelephonedthepolice. Theircarwasbadlydamagedandeasyto_（认出）. 9. _Shortlyafterwards,thepolicestoppedthecarandb_menwerearrested. 10. _（11）Thewholevillagesoonlearntthatalargesumofmoneyhadbeenlost.SamBenton,the_（当地的）butcher,hadlosthiswallet 1. _whilet_hissavingstothepostoffice. Samwassure 2. _thatthewalletmusthavebeenfoundbyoneofthev_, 3. _butitwasnotreturnedtohim. Threemonthsp_,andthenonemorning, 4. _Samfoundhiswalletoutsidehisfrontdoor. Ithadbeen_（包裹）upinnewspaper5. _anditcontainedhalfthemoneyhehadlost,togetherwithonly annote_said: 6. _Athief,yes,butonly50percentathief!Twomonthsl_, 7. _somemoremoneywassenttoSamwitha_note: 8. _Only25percentathiefnow!Intime,allSamsmoneywaspaidback_thisway9. _Thelastnotesaid:Iam100percent_（诚实）now! 10. _（12）Myfriend,Hugh,hasalwaysbeenfat,butthingsgotsobadrecentlythathedecidedtogoonadiet.Hebeganhisdietaweekago. _ofall,hewroteoutalonglistofallthefoods1. _whichwereforbidden. Thelisti_mostofthethingsHughloves: 2. _butter,_（马铃薯）,rice,beer,milk,chocolate;andsweets. 3. _YesterdayIpaidhima_. Irangthebellandwasnotsurprisedtosee 4. _thatHughwasstill_fatasever. Heledmeintohisroom 5. _andhurriedlyhidalargeparcelunderhisdesk. Itwas_（明显的） 6. _thathewasveryembarrassed. W_Iaskedhimwhathewasdoing,hesmiledguiltily7. andthenputtheparcelonthedesk. Hee_thathisdietwassostrict 8. _thathehadtoreward_occasionally. Thenheshowedmethecontentsoftheparcel. 9. It_（包含）fivelargebarsofchocolateandthreebagsofsweets! 10. _（13）The memory of our schoolhood is so sweet. It is five years now since I g_ from No. 3 High 1. _School. Last Saturday, the class that I was in _（举行） 2. _a get-together, which_（花费）us a long time to prepare. It 3. _was indeed not easy to get in _ with everybody and 4. _set a good time _ all of us. We all enjoyed this 5. _precious day greatly, _（回想起）the time we spent 6. _together and the people we were f_ with. It was 7. _a pity _ some of us were not present as they had gone 8. _a_ for further studies, but they called back or 9. _sent greeting_（卡片）from different places. 10. _I hope all of our classmates can really get together next time.（14）Dear John,Hows everything? We havent seen each other for longs_ we last met. I am very excited to have got an e-mail from 1. _you. Im glad you have made such great_（进步） 2. _that you can