小学英语基础知识.doc

小学英语基础知识1、26个字母（听、说、读、写过关）（所有的大写字母占上两格）:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZab cde fgh i jklm n opq rs tu vwx yz2、日常问候: Hello, Hi How are you? How do you do? Good morning. (afternoon, evening , night)3、介绍自己: I am _. My name is_. Im from_. I (dont)like_. I can (cant)_. 4、人称代词及对应的形容词性物主代词。第一人称第二人称第二人称人称I（我）we（我们）you（你）you（你们）he（他）she（她）it（它）they（他们）物主My(我的)Our(我们的)your（你的）your（你们的）his（他的）her（她的）its（它的）their(他们的)宾格me（我）us（我们）you（你）you（你们）him（他）her（她）it（它）them（他们）5、be/系动词 am , is , are 及用法：我用am，你用are，is连着他、她、它。I am You are He(she , it) is .6、120的数词: one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty.7、姓名及年龄问答: (1) -Whats your name? -Whats his name? -Whats her name? -My name is_. -His name is_. -Her name is _. -I am _. -He is _. -She is _.(2) -How old are you? -How old is he? -How old is she? -Im _. -He is _. -She is _.8、时间:年、季节、月、星期、日、时(1)Year: 1982,1998,2001, (2)Season: spring, summer, autumn, winter.(3)Month: January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December.(4)Week: Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday.(5)Day: 1st May (the first of May),May 2nd ( May the second)(6)Time: What time is it?Its _ oclock. Its half past _.9、颜色问答: What color is it?Its red (white, black, blue, green, pink, orange, yellow)10、实义动词“有” have, has:I have .我有. You have .你（们）有. They have他们有He has .他有. She has . 她有. It has它有.11、代词 this(这个), these(这些), that(那个), those(那些), what(什么).12、There be 句型:There is / There are 13、特殊疑问句: What(什么), When(何时), Who(谁), Where(哪里), Why(为什么), How many(有多少)相关句型: (1) Whats thirty and forty? Its seventy. (2) When are we going to eat? We are going to eat at half past twelve.(3) Who is that woman? She is our English teacher. (4) Where are you from? I am from China. (5) Why are you crying? Because I am sad. (6) How old are you? Im twelve. (7) How much is it? Its 50 yuan. (8) How many cars have you got?I have got 6 cars. (9) How long is the Great Wall? Its about six thousands seven hundreds kilometers. (10) How big is Beijing? Beijing has got about fourteen millions people.14、be going to,will (打算、将要)句型:I am going to go to school. / It will be windy in Beijing.15、特殊问句（问什么，答什么）Do you ? ( Does he/she ? )Yes, I do. / No, I dont. ( Yes he does. / No, he doesnt. )Have you got ? ( Has he got ? ) Yes, I have. / No, I havent. ( Yes he has. / No, he hasnt. )Can you ?Yes, I can. / No, I cant.Is there a book?Yes, there is. / No, there isnt.16、祈使句：(直接以动词开头，带有命令、要求或劝告的语气) Dont talk in the library! Please be quiet! Stop! Dont go!17、名词单数变复数(1)规则变化：名词单数变复数，一般加-s没有错。 词尾s, x, sh, ch,直接加上-es。 f, fe为结尾，加-s之前要变ve。 辅音字母y来结尾，y变i再加-es没问题。 部分词尾字母若是o，加-es有tomato和potato。(2)不规则变化:不规则变化要特别记，oo常常变ee, foot -feet;男人、女人a改e, manmen; 特殊childchildren等。(3)不可数名词的复数使用原型。如：water, juice, soup, bread, rice, meat, cheese, fish, sheep18、四种简单时态： 一般现在时：I play football. 一般将来时：be going to/will 句型: I am going to go to school.It will be windy in Beijing. 一般过去时：句型：I bought you a book. We went to the park yesterday. 现在进行时：be+动词ing 句型：I am doing my homework.介 词意义：1、一种虚词。不能单独作句子成分，它只有跟它后面的宾语一起构成介词短语，才能在句子中起作用。有：in, on, under, with, behind, about, near, before, after, for, to, up, down, from, in front of, out of, fromto, at the back of2、表示时间的介词有：at, on, in。（1）at表示“在某一个具体的时间点上”，或用在固定词组中。如：at ten oclock, at 9:30 a.m., at night, at the weekend（2）on表示“在某日或某日的时间段”。如：on Friday, on the first of October, on Monday morning（3）in表示“在某一段时间（月份、季节）里”。如：in the afternoon, in September, in summer, in 20053、in一词还有其他的固定搭配，如：in blue（穿着蓝色的衣服）in English（用英语表达）take part in（参加）。4、before：在之前 wei hua got up before 7 oclock this morning .今天早晨，魏华在7点之前起床了。5、after：在之后 after that ,no noe should ever kill a seagull . 从那时起，任何人不得捕杀海鸥。6、by：在前(时间)，截止(到) by the time i arrived ,she had already gone . 在我到达之前，她已经走了。7、for：达之久(表示过了多少时间),可以和一般现在时，过去时，将来时连用，但是经常和完成时连用。florence often worked for twenty-four hours without rest . 弗洛沦斯常常工作24小时而不休息。(10）from：从起(时间)the worders work from 7 in the morning to 7 in the evening .工人们从早7点工作到晚7点。2、表示地点（at、in、on 、under、over、above、near、behind、in 、from)(1)at:在某地点(表示比较狭窄的场所) at school上学 at home在家 at 320 xinfu district 在新抚区320号 at the station 在火车站 (2)in:在某地(表示比较宽敞的场所) she will arrive in shanghai at ten .10点她将到达上海。(3)表示地点方向的on ,under ,over ,above ,belowon:在上面，有接触面 on the table 在桌子上面above:在上方sometimes juliana could hear planes above the trees.有时朱莉安娜能听到树林上空的飞机声。over:在正上方，是under的反义词 over these tombs ,they built pyramids .在这些坟墓上，他们建起了金字塔。under：在下面，在之内 the twin sisters put the basket under the tree .这姐俩把篮子放到了树下。below：在下方，(不一定是正下方) three thousand metres below her ,she could see nothing except the thick jungle .3000米以下，除了茂密的丛林之外，她什么也看不见。(4)near ,near:近的，不远的(=not far)是的反义词,near还可以指时间，in the near future在不远的将来。 greens lake was a small lake near his home .格林湖是他家附近的一个小湖。口 诀口诀1:年月周前要用in，日子前面却不行。遇到几号要用on，上午下午又是in。要说某日上下午，用on换in才能行。午夜黄昏用at，黎明用它也不借。 at也在时分前。口诀2: in在里， out在外，在旁边的是beside，靠近的为by 。 on在上， under在下， above在上头， below在底下。口诀3: this、that、tomorrow，yesterday，next、last、one。接年、月、季、星期、周，介词省略已习惯。 over、under正上下，above、below则不然，若与数量词连用，混合使用亦无关。 beyond超出、无、不能，against靠着，对与反。besides，except分内外，among之内along沿。同类比较except，加for异类记心间。口诀4:before、after表一点, ago、later表一段。 before能接完成时，ago过去极有限。 since以来during间，since时态多变换。 与之相比beside，除了last but one。 口诀5：早、午、晚要用in 例：in the morning 在早上in the afternoon 在下午in the evening 在晚上in the day 在白天黎明、午、夜、点与分用at例: at dawn, at daybreak 在黎明时候at noon 在中午at night 在夜间at midnight 在午夜at six oclock 在6点钟at 7：30 (seven thirty) 在7点半at half past eleven 在11点半at nine fifteen 在9点15分 at ten thirty a.m. 在上午10点30分at the weekend 在周末年、月、年月、季节、周用in。例；in 1986 在1986年in 1927 在1927年in april 在四月in march 在三月in december 1986 1986年12月in july l983 1983年7月in spring 在春季 in summer 在夏季in autumn 在秋季 in winter 在冬季in the fist week of this semester 这学期的第一周in the third week 在第三周阳光、灯、影、衣、冒 雨用in，在阳光下，在灯下，在树阴下，穿衣、着装、冒雨等都要用in。例：dont read in dim light. 切勿在暗淡的灯光下看书。they are reviewing their lessons in the bright light. 他们在明亮的灯光下复习功课。they are sitting in the shade of a tree. 他们坐在树阴下乘凉。he went in the rain to meet me at the station. 他冒雨到车站去接我。in the bright sunlight 在明亮的阳光下 the woman in white 穿着白色衣服的妇女将来时态in.以后 例: they will come back in 10 days. 他们将10天以后回来。ill come round in a day or two. 我一两天就回来。 well be back in no time. 我们一会儿就回来。come and see me in two days time. 两天后来看我。(从现在开始) 小处at大处in im in shunde, at ronggui. 我住在顺德容桂 练一练：1、选用括号内恰当的介词填空。1) Whats this ( at, on, in ) English?2) Christmas is ( at, on, in ) the 25th of December.3) The man ( with, on, in ) black is Su Hais father.4) He doesnt do well ( at, on, in ) PE.5) Look at those birds ( on, in )