当代研究生英语(下)课件第一单元.ppt

Book One,当代研究生英语读写教程,制作者：田翠芸,Book One,Unit 1,Book One,Content,Warming-up,Reading,Writing,Text A,Text B,Book One,1. Watch the video Clip about Mans life :,Watching & Discussing,Book One,2. Watch a Flash about womens life :,Watching & Discussing,Book One,2. Have a 5-minute discussion with your partners on the following topics:,What are the main features and responsibilities of each stage in peoples whole life? What is your definition of successful life? Is there any difference between the standard for man and woman?,Watching & Discussing,PASSAGES OF HUMAN GROWTH (I) Gail Sheehy,Text A,Book One,ReadingText A,Text Study,Main Idea & Structure,Sentence Analysis,Language Points,Useful Expressions,Text Translation,Book One,Main Idea,First reading: Scan the text and try to catch the main idea. :,For your reference,Second reading: read the passage again and try to identify the structure of this passage.,For your reference,Book One,The author probes into the two periods in human life: the teenage and the twenties. The teenage period is featured by young people striving to be independent of their family, but still feeling a bit uncertain about themselves. The next period is characterized with young people beginning to think seriously about starting their life and work. They begin to choose and make decisions, but still not rational enough and quite often with illusions.,Main Idea,Book One,Structure,Para. 5-10,Para. 1-4,Para. 11-19,Main idea:,Main idea:,Main idea:,A persons life incorporates both external and internal aspects, and the inner realm is where the crucial shifts in bedrock take places.,The teenage period: young people try to get away from the family.,The Twenties: people in this period face enormous tasks. To shape a dream is the most important one among these tasks.,Book One,Text Study,Book One,1 A persons life at any given time incorporates both external and internal aspects. The external system is composed of our memberships in the culture: our job, social class, family and social roles, how we present ourselves to and participate in the world. The interior realm concerns the meanings this participation has for each of us. In what ways are our values, goals, and aspirations being invigorated or violated by our present life system? How many parts of our personality can we live out, and what parts are we suppressing? How do we feel about our way of living in the world at any given time? 2 The inner realm is where the crucial shifts in bedrock begin to throw a person off balance, signaling the necessity to change and move on to a new footing in the next stage of development. These crucial shifts occur throughout life, yet people consistently refuse to recognize that they possess an internal life system. Ask anyone,Para. 1-2,Audio,Book One,Para. 2-3,who seems down, “Why are you feeling low?” Most will displace the inner message onto a marker event: “Ive been down since we moved, since I changed jobs, since my wife went back to graduate school and turned into a damn social worker in sackcloth,” and so on. Probably less than ten percent would say: “There is some unknown disturbance within me, and even though its painful, I feel I have to stay with it and ride it out.” Even fewer people would be able to explain that the turbulence they feel may have no external cause. And yet it may not resolve itself for several years. 3 During each of these passages, how we feel about our way of living will undergo subtle changes in four areas of perception. One is the interior sense of self in relation to others. A second is the proportion of safeness to danger we feel in our lives. A third is our perception of timedo we have plenty of it, or are we beginning to feel that time is running out? Last, there will be some shift at the gut level in our sense of aliveness or stagnation. These are the hazy sensations that compose the background tone of living and shape the decisions on which we take action.,Book One,Para. 4-6,4 The work of adult life is not easy. As in childhood, each step presents not only new tasks of development but requires a letting go of the techniques that worked before. With each passage some magic must be given up, some cherished illusion of safety and comfortably familiar sense of self must be cast off, to allow for the greater expansion of our own distinctiveness. Pulling Up Roots 5 Before 18, the motto is loud and clear: “I have to get away from my parents.” But the words are seldom connected to action. Generally still safely part of our families, even if away at school, we feel our autonomy to be subject to erosion from moment to moment. 6 After 18, we begin Pulling Up Roots in earnest. College, military service, and short-term travels are all customary vehicles our society provides for the first round trips between family and a base of ones,Book One,Para. 6-7,own. In the attempt to separate our view of the world from our familys view, despite vigorous protestations to the contrary“I know exactly what I want!” we cast about for any beliefs we can call our own. And in the process of testing those beliefs we are often drawn to fads, preferably those most mysterious and inaccessible to our parents. 7 Whatever tentative memberships we try out in the world, the fear haunts us that we are really kids who cannot take care of ourselves. We cover that fear with acts of defiance and mimicked confidence. For allies to replace our parents, we turn to our contemporaries. They become conspirators. So long as their perspective meshes with our own, they are able to substitute for the sanctuary of the family. But that doesnt last very long. And the instant they diverge from the shaky ideals of “our group”, they are seen as betrayers. Rebounds to the family are common between the ages of 18 and 22.,Book One,Para. 8-10,8 The tasks of this passage are to locate ourselves in a peer group role, a sex role, an anticipated occupation, an ideology or world view. As a result, we gather the impetus to leave home physically and the identity to begin leaving home emotionally. 9 Even as one part of us seeks to be an individual, another part longs to restore the safety and comfort of merging with another. Thus one of the most popular myths of this passage is: We can piggyback our development by attaching to a Stronger One. But people who marry during this time often prolong financial and emotional ties to the family and relatives that impede them from becoming self-sufficient. 10 A stormy passage through the Pulling Up Roots years will probably facilitate the normal progression of the adult life cycle. If one doesnt have an identity crisis at this point, it will erupt during a later transition, when the penalties may be harder to bear.,Book One,The Trying Twenties 11 The Trying Twenties confront us with the question of how to take hold in the adult world. Our focus shifts from the interior turmoils of late adolescence“Who am I?” “What is truth?”and we become almost totally preoccupied with working out the externals. “How do I put my aspirations into effect?” “What is the best way to start?” “Where do I go?” “Who can help me?” “How did you do it?” 12 In this period, which is longer and more stable compared with the passage that leads to it, the tasks are as enormous as they are exhilarating: To shape a Dream, that vision of ourselves which will generate energy, aliveness, and hope. To prepare for a lifework. To find a mentor if possible. And to form the capacity for intimacy, without losing in the process whatever consistency of self we have thus far mustered. The first test structure must be erected around the life we choose to try.,Para. 11-12,Book One,13 Doing what we “should” is the most pervasive theme of the twenties. The “shoulds” are largely defined by family models, the press of the culture, or the prejudices of our peers. If the prevailing cultural instructions are that one should get married and settle down behind ones own door, a nuclear family is born. 14 One of the terrifying aspects of the twenties is the inner conviction that the choices we make are irrevocable. It is largely a false fear. Change is quite possible, and some alteration of our original choices is probably inevitable. 15 Two impulses, as always, are at work. One is to build a firm, safe structure for the future by making strong commitments, to “be set”. Yet people who slip into a ready-made form without much self-examination are likely to find themselves locked in. 16 The other urge is to explore and experiment, keeping any structure tentative and therefore easily reversible. Taken to the extreme, these are people who skip from one trial job and one,Para. 13-16,Book One,limited personal encounter to another, spending their twenties in the transient state. 17 Although the choices of our twenties are not irrevocable, they do set in motion a Life Pattern. Some of us follow the locked-in pattern, others the transient pattern, the wunderkind pattern, the caregiver pattern, and there are a number of others. Such patterns strongly influence the particular questions raised for each person during each passage through the life. 18 Buoyed by powerful illusions and belief in the power of the will, we commonly insist in our twenties that what we have chosen to do is the one true course in life. Our backs go up at the merest hint that we are like our parents, that two decades of parental training might be reflected in our current actions and attitudes. 19 “Not me,” is the motto, “Im different.”,Para. 16-19,Book One,Sentence Analysis,Book One,1. (Para. 1, Line 4-5) In what ways are our values, goals, and aspirations being invigorated or violated by our present life system. values: 做“价值观”用时必须是复数形式。 aspiration: a strong desire or ambition 渴望 e.g. He has serious aspirations for a career in politics. invigorate: make sb. feel more lively and healthy 鼓舞 Paraphrase: 译文：,我们目前的生活体系是符合我们的价值观、目标和理想呢，还是与之相违背？,In what ways are our values, goals and desires being respected or neglected by our present way of life?,Book One,2. (Para. 6. Line 1-3) College, military service, and short-term travels are all customary vehicles our society provides for the first round trips between family and a base of ones own. customary: commonly practiced, used; usual 习惯上的 vehicle: a means by which thoughts, feelings, etc. can be expressed or transferred （传达的）手段 round trip: 往返的，双程的 Paraphrase: 译文：,上大学、服兵役以及短期外出旅行等自然是社会为我们提供的第一次在家庭和自己的基地之间进行的双程旅行。,College, military service, and short-term travels are all usual means our society provides for us to be able to move first from our family to the place where we will stay and return if we would like.,Book One,3. (Para. 7, Line 4-5) So long as their perspective meshes with our own, they are able to substitute for the sanctuary of the family. perspective：a point of view 观点，看法 mesh with sth.: be in harmony with sth. else substitute for: take the place of 取代 sanctuary：a place of refuge or asylum 避难所或躲避处 Paraphrase: 译文：,只要同伴与我们的看法一致，意趣相投，他们就可以取代家庭的庇护。,If only their views agree with our own, they are able to replace the position of our family to protect us.,Book One,4. (Para. 11, Line 3) we become almost totally preoccupied with working out the externals. be/become preoccupied with: be busy with sth. so that one is unable to think about or deal with anything else e.g. Ive been too preoccupied with my work to even think about taking a holiday. work out: find the answer to; solve, work out a problem/puzzle the externals: the questions related to external life Paraphrase: 译文：,我们几乎完全沉浸在有关外部生活的问题上。,Our mind are almost filled up with questions related to external life.,Book One,5. (Para. 15, Line 2-3) Yet people who slip into a ready-made form without much self-examination are likely to find themselves locked in. slip:to move smoothly, easily, and quietly 滑进 self-examination: an introspective consideration of ones own thoughts or emotions 自省，自察 locked in: (of money) placed where it cant be taken out until a certain time or other condition (钱)搁死，存定期 Paraphrase: 译文：,不过那些未经深思熟虑就落入一种现成的生活模式的人，往往到头来会发现自己陷入了一个十分狭小的天地里而不能自拔。,Yet people who adjust themselves to a ready-made form without thinking otherwise are likely to find themselves confined to it.,Book One,Language Points,Book One,cherish,vt. care for tenderly; keep alive (hope, ambition, feelings, etc.) in ones heart 珍爱；心中怀着(希望，志向，感情等) e.g. They cherished the child as one of their own. 他们把这孩子当作自己亲生子女一般。 People always cherish the memory of the national hero. 人们永远怀念这位民族英雄。 The long-cherished hope is hard to realize. 夙愿难偿。,Book One,n. open disobedience or resistance; refusal to recognize authority; defying 挑战；蔑视；违抗 e.g. His defiance of the law cost him dearly. 蔑视法律使他付出沉重的代价。 The child showed defiance by refusing to eat. 那孩子拒绝吃东西以示反抗。 He went in open defiance of my order. 他全然不顾我的命令还是去了。,defiance,Book One,vi. from (of lines, paths, opinions, etc.) get farther apart from a point or from each other as they progress; turn or branch away from 分歧；离题 (+from) = deviate e.g. His account of the event diverged from the truth. 他对那个事件的叙述偏离了事实。 These figures and the last ones diverge greatly. 这些数字与上次的数字有很大差异。 Her politics and mine diverge greatly. 她的政见和我大不相同。,diverge,Book One,facilitate,vt. make easy; lessen the difficulty of (指物体/方式)使容易，使便利 e.g. The port greatly facilitates the passage of oil. 这个港口极大使石油运输便捷很多。 Modern inventions facilitate housework. 许多现代发明让家务劳动变得轻松。 Zip codes are used to facilitate mail service. 邮政编码方便了邮递服务。,Book One,vt. get in the way of; hinder 阻碍；妨碍 e.g. The rescue attempt was impeded By Bad weather. 营救工作受到恶劣天气的妨碍。 This should not impede normal state relations. 这不该妨碍正常的国家关系。 His departure was impeded by the snow. 大雪使他无法离开。,impede,Book One,vt. imitate or pretend 模仿 e.g. The actor amused the audience by mimicking some well-known people. 那位演员模仿某些名人，以此逗乐观众。 There are insects which mimic leaves. 有些昆虫极像叶子。,mimic,Book One,pervasive,adj. tending to spread through every part of 弥漫的；渗透的 e.g. the pervasive beauty of tropical country 热带国家无处不在的美 the pervasive odor of garlic 弥漫着蒜味 These are the most pervasive of Chinese musical forms. 吹打乐是中国最普遍的器乐种类。,Book One,suppress,vt. prevent from being known or seen 抑制；隐瞒 e.g. she was struggling to suppress her sob. 她拼命不让自己哭出声来。 suppress ones name 隐瞒姓名，隐姓埋名 suppress information 封锁消息,Book One,adj. lasting for a short time only; brief 短暂的；易逝的 e.g. Her feeling of depression was transient. 她的抑郁情绪一会儿就过去了。 transient happiness 短暂的幸福 a transient gleam of hope 转瞬即逝的希望,transient,Book One,Useful Expressions,Book One,substitute for,put, use sth in place of sth else 替换 e.g. In making this food, you can substitute vegetable oil for butter. 做这种食物时，你可以用植物油代替黄油。 (Cause to) take the place of sb （使）代替（某人） e.g. Can you substitute for the singer who is ill? 你能代替那位生病的歌手吗？,Book One,allow for,make an allowance for 原谅、体谅 e.g. to allow for ones ignorance 原谅某人的无知 to allow for the circumstance 体谅情形 take into consideration 考虑 e.g. We should allow for the serious flood. 我们应该考虑到水灾的影响。 leave a margin of time or space 准备 e.g. Some dresses should be made larger to allow for shrinking when they are washed. 有些衣服应该做大一些，以防缩水。,Book One,cast off,remove, no longer wear (clothes) and get rid of them 脱掉；丢弃（衣服） e.g. As the sun grew warmer, She cast off her heavy winter clothes. 太阳越来越暖和，于是她把冬衣搁在一边了。 He cast off his clothes and dived into the cool water of the lake. 他脱掉衣服，一头扎进冰冷的湖水中。 free oneself form (sth unwanted) 摆脱（讨厌的事） e.g. She was pleased to be able to cast off such an unwelcome responsibility. 她很高兴，终于摆脱了这么讨厌的职责。,Book One,ride out,常作ride sth out 或 ride out sth ride a long distance, as out of town 骑马远行（出城） e.g. Lets ride out to the mountains while the weather is good. 天气很好，我们骑马到山里玩吧？ come safely through any kind of trouble (such as a storm) 平安度过（暴风雨等） e.g. Is his boat strong enough to ride out the storms of the Cape. 他的船能经得起好望角的风暴吗？ I think we will ride out the crisis. 我认为我们会平安度过这次危机的。,Book One,gain possession, control, or influence 占据，控制，或影响 e.g. It was clear that my plan had taken hold upon his fancy. 很明显，我的计划投合了他的心意。 assume responsibility 负起责任 e.g. There was a new teacher and he was taking hold fast. 来了一个新老师，他很快负起了责任。 become attached, take root 固定，扎根 e.g. Its hard for him to take hold in the strange place. 他要立足于这个陌生的地方是很难的。,take hold,Book One,Text Translation,Book One,译文,人生旅程 1 一个人在每一特定时期内的生活都是由外部生活和内心生活这两个方面结合而成的。外部生活是指我们在文明社会中的实际生活，其中包括我们的工作、家庭生活以及我们作为社会阶级成员的活动等。内心生活是指我们所参与的种种外部活动对我们个人产生的影响。例如，我们目前的生活体系是符合我们的价值观、目标和理想呢，还是与之相违背？我们的个性能在多大程度上得到发挥，还是受到某种程度的压抑？在每一特定时期，我们对自己的生活方式又有何种感受？ 2 人的内心生活是阶段性的：在人生必经的一些重大转折关头，如果一个人觉得失去自我平衡，那就意味着要进行调整，以步入人生发展的下一个阶段。这些重大转折是人生不可避免的，只是人们往往不承认自己具有这样一种内在的生命系统。如果你问一个看来不得志的人：“你为何如此消沉？”大部分人总是把那些内心因素解释成比较明显的外部因素他会对你说：“我之所以不高兴，是因为我最近搬家了，我原来的工作也换了，我的妻子又回学校去读研究生，还要干什么不相干的,Book One,社会工作，还因为其他一些乱七八糟的事。”或许只有不足十分之一的人会说：“我感到有一种不可名状的烦恼，尽管很痛苦，可我还得设法忍受它、克服它。”更少有人会承认这些思想情绪的波动和外界因素没有什么关系。而这种痛苦可能需要好几年才能熬过去。 3 在这些变化和转折中，我们对生活方式的看法要经历四个感知方面的微妙变化：第一，在内心中对自己和他人的看法；第二，在生活的各种威胁面前所具有的安全感；第三是我们对时间的认识，是感到来日方长，还是开始感到时日无多？最后是对自己的精力和活力的直觉意识，是感到精力充沛，还是感到力不从心？这些都是在我们内心里产生的若明若暗的感觉，它们构成了我们生活的基调，影响着我们采取行动前的种种决定。 4 成年后的生活很不容易。正如童年时代一样，每一步不但有新的发展任务，还要求我们放弃对从前有效的方法。在每一发展阶段，一些不切实际的幻想得放弃，一些虚幻的安全感和舒适良好的自我感觉也得放弃，以便能有更大的空间发展自己的独特个性。,Book One,自立之年 5 不到18岁，我们的座右铭就已非常明确而响亮：“离开父母，自力更生。”话虽