本课的基础句型帮助学生复习形容词及副词的比较级用法.doc

Grammar Unit 9 403/404Sentence Patterns1. adj.-er/more adj. + thanadv.-er/more adv. + than本課的基礎句型幫助學生複習形容詞及副詞的比較級用法。以下為注意事項：形容詞比較級(1) 前後比較的兩樣東西一定要是同性質才能比較，如人與人比或物與物比。例：John is taller than Kent.The ring is more expansive than the necklace.(2) 在than之後通常會省略與之前重複的部分，亦即be動詞的部分，例：My computer is more expensive than your computer (is).(3) 在現在的英文中，than後面的be動詞省略後，than後面若接代名詞，通常會由主格的形式轉換為受格的形式。than後面接主格的形式反而比較不常見，而且顯得相當正式。例：My brother is more popular than me/I am.副詞比較級(1) 副詞比較級在正式的用法中可寫為S1 + V1 + adv.-er/more adv. + than S2 + does/do/did，例：Every day, Sam wakes up earlier than Johnny does.但此句型中的does/do/did可以被省略，例：Every day, Sam wakes up earlier than Johnny.(2) 副詞比較級中，than後面若接代名詞，正式用法應為主格，再加上助動詞。然而，由主格轉換為受格並省略助動詞的狀況也時有所見。例：Tammy lives closer to school than I do/me.補充 形容詞和副詞的比較級變化規則(1) 規則變化形容詞a. 單音節的形容詞在字尾加上-er成為比較級，例如：big bigger、small smaller。b. 兩個音節的形容詞若字尾為y，則去y加上ier成為比較級，例如：lucky luckier。c. 大部分兩個或兩個以上音節的形容詞前面加上more成為比較級，例如：beautiful more beautiful。副詞a. 單音節的副詞在字尾加上-er成為比較級，例如：fast faster、hard harder。b. 兩個音節的副詞若字尾為y，則去y加上ier成為比較級，例如：early earlier。c. 大部分兩個或兩個以上音節的副詞前面加上more成為比較級，例如：carefully more carefully、often more often。(2) 不規則變化形容詞good/wellbetter、badworse、farfarther/further、much/manymore等。副詞wellbetter、badlyworse、littleless等。加強比較級的修飾語比較級的形容詞前面可以用much、a lot、far、a good deal、even、ever、still、yet、rather、a bit、a little、slightly、somewhat等來加強語氣。例：Cheating on a test is even worse than failing to pass it.This box is much bigger than that one.This is a great deal better than that. I am a little taller than Sam.額外參考練習I. Combine each pair of the following sentences by using the patterns and the given words.1. Ryan practices swimming three times a week.Rachel practices swimming every day. (often) 2. Ten thousand copies of Ms. Lawrences first novel have been sold.Fifteen thousand copies of Ms. Lawrences second novel have been sold. (well) 3. The average temperature last winter was 12 degrees Celsius.The average temperature this winter is 9 degrees Celsius. (cold) 4. Going to a public university costs about NT$30,000 per semester.Going to a private university costs about NT$50,000 per semester. (cheap) 5. The museum attracts a lot of tourists.The old concert hall attracts few tourists. (popular) 6. I exercised for three hours.Jimmy exercised for one hour. (long) II. Jerry and Larry are talking about the differences between whales and dolphins. Complete the following dialogue with the given words and the patterns.J: Do you know that the dolphin is a member of the whale family?L: Really? Thats interesting. You know, dolphins are much 1 (small) whales.J: Yeah. That is probably why people think dolphins are 2 (gentle) whales.L: But I dont think so. Most people have never seen a whale in their whole lives. Maybe they are 3 (friendly) dolphins.J: But whales are really too big. Whales are surely 4 (dangerous) dolphins to swim around.L: You are probably right. By the way, which of them do you think swims faster?J: I think whales 5 (fast) dolphins. They are much larger anyway.L: Lets find out about that.2. What + (a/an) + adj. + N (+ S + be/V)!How + adj. (a/an) (+ N) (+ S + be/V)!本課的進階句型為感嘆句的用法，使用於讚嘆、驚嘆等情感較強烈時，因此感嘆句後面一般都使用驚嘆號作為結尾。基本上由what引導的感嘆句語意上和由how引導的感嘆句沒有太大差別，重點在於what後面接的是名詞，而how後面接的是形容詞。例：It is a boring movie. What a boring movie (it is)! How boring (a movie) (it is)!另外注意主詞和動詞的位置，必須是主詞在動詞之前。例：The singers voice is beautiful. How beautiful the singers voice is!補充由how引導，修飾副詞的感嘆句用法The boy ran fast. How fast the boy ran!在一般句型裡藉由such和so來表達感嘆須注意such後面接的是名詞，而so後面則是接形容詞。例：What a beautiful song (it is)! It is such a beautiful song!How delicious (the food is)! The food is so delicious!額外參考練習I. Rewrite the following sentences with the patterns.1. Henry made a very serious mistake.What !2. Drunken driving is a very dangerous behavior. What !3. The basketball game was very exciting. How !II. Joy is talking to her mother about her classmate Fanny. Complete the following dialogue with the given words and the above patterns.J: Mom, my classmate Fanny got an A for every subject this semester.M: Really? How 1 (smart)!J: She is the first in our class, but shes never been cocky. Instead, she is nice to everyone.M: Oh! How 2 (friendly)!J: Fanny is so smart and friendly. She has helped every class member since she became our class leader.M: What 3 (great job)!J: Thats why our homeroom teacher said we should all learn from her.M: What 4 (model student)!J: Absolutely! How 5 (lucky) to be her classmate!M: I would say so!參考解答I.1. a serious mistake (Henry/he made)2. a dangerous behavior (drunken driving/it is)3. exciting (a basketball game)(the game/it was)II.1. smart (Fanny/she is)2. friendly (Fanny/she is)3. a great job (Fanny/she does)4. a model student (she is)5. lucky (I am)參考解答I. 1. Rachel practices swimming more often than Ryan (does).2. Ms. Lawrences second novel sells better than her first novel (does).3. This winter is colder than last winter.4. Going to a public univ