工厂变电所配电系统中英文翻译.doc

河南理工大学万方科技学院电气与自动化工程系2014届毕业生英文文献专业： 电气工程及自动化 班级： 10电一1班 学号： 1016303085 姓名： 许永辉 时间： 年 月 日目录原文1汉译英7I 原文距离企业附近往往有多条可用电源,可以根据电源的电压等级和距离企业的距离,电价等多种因素考虑选用合适的电源来达到经济,可靠的目的。本次设计共提出两套方案：方案1 采用两个35Kv的电源供电。电源A，B各负荷一台35Kv变压器，其下一级设有10Kv变压器。方案2 采用两个10Kv的电源供电。电源C，D直接各负荷一台10Kv变压器。根据供配电技术表4-1中，4电源均符合输送功率和输送距离的要求。方案一优点是电价较低，但距离企业较远，线路损耗较大。又要用到多个不同级的变压器，造成初投资和运行费较高。方案2只用到10Kv变压器，电源距企业较近，维修和运行简单。所以选择方案2。这种方案适合全厂需求，初投资和以后的运行费用都比较低廉且可靠性相对较高。本企业无大型高压设备。所以综合3个指标，全厂供电系统电源选择方案采用方案2。变电所的主接线是实现电能输送和分配的一种电气接线，在变电所的主接线图中将电线或电缆、电力变压器、母线、各种开关避雷器电容器等电气设备有序的连接起来，只表示相对电气连接关系而不表示实际位置。通常用单线来表示三相系统。对变电所的主接线主要有以下几个基本要求：(1) 安全 主接线的设计应符合国家标准有关技术规范的要求，能充分保证人身和设备的安全；(2) 可靠 应满足用电单位对供电可靠性的要求；(3) 灵活 能适应各种不同的运行方式，操作检修方便；(4) 经济 在满足以上的前提要求下，主接线设计应简单，投资少，运行管理费用低，一般情况下，应考虑节约电能和有色金属的消耗量。供配电系统变电所常用的主接线基本形式有线路-变压器组接线、单母线接线和桥式接线3种类型。(1) 线路-变压器组接线 当只有一路电源供电和一台变压器的时可采用，有接线简单，所用电气设备少，配电装置简单，节约投资等优点，但当该单元中任一设备发生故障或检修时，变电所全部停电，可靠性不高，所以线路-变压器组接线方式只适用于小容量三级负荷、小型企业和非生产性用户。(2) 单母线接线 母线又称汇流排，用于汇集和分配电能。单母线接线又可分为单母线不分段和单母线分段两种。单母线不分段接线：当只有一路电源进线时，常用这种接线，每路进线和出线装设一只隔离开关和断路器。当电源线路、母线或母线隔离开关发生故障或检修时，全部用户供电中断。所以这种接线方式适用于对供电连续性要求不高的三级负荷用户，或者有备用电源的二级负荷用户。单母线分段接线：当有双电源供电时，常采用单母线分段接线。可采用隔离开关或短路器分段，隔离开关因操作不便，目前以已经不采用。单母线分段接线可以单独运行，也可以并列同时运行。(3) 桥式接线 所谓桥式接线是指在两路电源进线之间跨接一个断路器，犹如一座桥。断路器跨接在进线断路器的内侧，靠近变压器，称为内桥式接线。若断路器跨接在进线断路器的外侧，靠近电源侧，称为外桥式接线。其适用范围为有两路电源供电及两台变压器的情况。综合考虑以上因素，经过认真分析讨论，提出以下两种主接线图的设计方案，具体如下。本变电站有两路电源同时供电，所以应该采用双回路电源进线，方案1采用低压单母线分段接线。1号方案是通过从两个电源进线，设两台10kV变压器。两台10kV变压器，为两段低压母线提供0.4kV供电。在0.4kV低压母线上做母线联络。1号方案的优点是经济，整个系统使用安全，各变电所相对独立，系统简单，有一定可靠性，能满足可靠性要求。缺点是10kV母线无联络，自闭母线和贯通母线可靠性低。由于本变电所有两路电源同时供电，所以应该采用双回路电源进线。方案2一、二次侧均采用母线分段主接线，由于进线开关和母线分段开关均采用了断路器控制，操作十分灵活，供电可靠性较高，适用于一、二级负荷供电。2号方案也是通过从两个电源进线，设两台10kV变压器。两台10kV变压器，为两段低压母线提供0.4kV供电，并且2号变电所的左右0.4kV低压母线上做母线联络，为低压设备提供可靠供电。除此之外，2号方案在10kV的主母线上做母线联络，不仅提高了2号变电所的供电可靠性，而且提高了自闭母线和贯通母线的供电可靠性。2号方案的优点是整个系统安全性较高，并且可靠性能进一步提高，尤其提高自闭母线的供电可靠性意义重大，此方案可大大提高其安全稳定运行。缺点是系统相对复杂和接线复杂使经济上的投入有了一定的增加。对以上提出的两种方案进行比较讨论。在安全性方面，两套方案不相上下，都能保证系统运行的安全。在可靠性方面，2号方案要略优于1号方案。因为2号方案在1号方案的基础上增加了一次侧母线联络，可靠性得到提高。在使用灵活性方面，2号方案要优于1号方案。因为2号方案的电源转换和故障切换均可以在高压部分的一号变电站处的母线连接中实现，也可以在低压部分实现，这样的使用灵活，方便。在经济性方面，1号方案有优势。1号方案在保证了可靠性的同时在10kV处比2号方案少了一个母线连接的高压柜，节省了部分资金。其它方面双电源进线独立变电所的主接线采用一、二次侧单母线分段接线。这种接线适用于有一、二级负荷的企业，变电所有两台或两台以上变压器。双回路电源进线高压侧采用单母线分段后，供电可靠较高，操作灵活方便。综合以上五个方面的考虑，结合实际设计中的各方面的需求，最终选择使用2号方案的设计，作为该企业供电系统的主接线图。 变电所二次回路是保障一次回路正确、安全、可靠运行的系统。供配电系统的二次回路包括用来控制、指示、监视和保护一次电路运行的回路，以及操作电源回路等。二次回路按功能可分为断路器控制回路、信号回路、保护回路、监测回路和自动化回路、操作电源回路等。操作电源向断路器控制回路、继电保护装置、信号回路、监测系统等二次回路提供所需的电源。电压互感器、电流互感器还向监测、电能计量回路提供电流和电压参数。二次回路的操作电源主要有直流操作电源和交流操作电源两类，直流操作电源有蓄电池和硅整流直流电源两种。交流操作电源有电压互感器、电流互感器。经比较：硅整流操作电源价格便宜，维护工作量小，体积小。所以此系统采用硅整流直流操作电源。电磁操动机构的断路器工作原理：（1）断路器的手动控制手动合闸 设断路器处于跳闸状态，此时控制开关SA处于“跳闸后”（TD）位置，其触电接通，QF闭合，绿灯亮。因电阻1R存在，流过合闸接触器线圈KM的电流很小，不足以使其动作。将控制开关SA顺时针旋转90度，至“预备合闸”位置（PC），将信号灯接于闪光小母线（+）WF上，绿灯HG闪光，表明控制开关的位置与“合闸后”位置相同，但断路器仍处于跳闸后状态，这是利用不对应原理接线，同时提醒运行人员核对操作对象是否有误，如无误后，再将SA置于“合闸”位置（C）（继续顺时针旋转45度）。SA接通，使合闸接触器KM接通于+WC和-WC之间，KM动作，其触点KM1和KM2闭合，合闸线圈通电，断路器合闸。断路器合闸后，QF1断开使绿灯熄灭，QF2闭合，由于SA接通，红灯亮。当松开SA后，在弹簧作用下，SA自动回到合闸后位置，红灯发出平光，表明断路器手动合闸。同时表明跳闸回路完好及控制回路的熔断器完好。在此通路中，因电阻存在，流过跳闸线圈的电流很小，不足以使其动作。手动跳闸将控制开关SA逆时针旋转90度置于“预备跳闸”位置（PT），红灯发出闪光，表明SA的位置与跳闸后的位置相同，但断路器仍处于合闸状态。将SA继续旋转45度而置于“跳闸”位置（T），使跳闸线圈接通，此回路中的跳闸线圈通电跳闸，QF1合上，QF2断开，红灯熄灭。当松开SA后，SA自动回到“跳闸后”位置，绿灯发出平光，表明断路器手动跳闸，合闸回路完好。(2) 断路器的自动控制断路器的自动控制通过自动装置的继电器触点的闭合分别实现合、跳闸的自动控制。自动控制完成后，信号灯HR或HG将出现闪光，表示断路器自动合闸或跳闸，又表示跳闸回路或合闸回路完好，运行人员需将SA旋转到相应的位置上，相应的信号灯发平光。当断路器因故障跳闸时，保护出口继电器触点闭合，SA的触点被短接，跳闸线圈通电，断路器跳闸，HG发出闪光，表明断路器因故障跳闸。信号继电器电流型线圈通电后将发出信号。同时由于QF3闭合而SA只置“合闸后”（CD）位置，事故音响小母线WAS与信号回路中负电源接通（成为负电源），则起动事故音响装置，发出事故音响信号。如电笛或蜂鸣器发出声响。(3) 断路器的防跳若没有防跳继电器，在合闸后，如果控制开关SA的触点或自动装置触点被卡死，而此时又遇到一次系统永久性故障，继电保护使断路器跳闸，QF1闭合，合闸回路又被接通，则出现多次“跳闸合闸”现象，这种现象称为跳跃。如果断路器发生多次跳跃现象，会使其毁坏，造成事故扩大。所以在控制回路中增设了防跳继电器。自动重合闸装置简介：自动重合闸装置主要用于架空线路，本系统中，到变电所的线路采用架空线路，所以用自动重合闸来保护线路的瞬时故障。电气一次自动重合闸装置（1）故障跳闸后的自动重合闸过程线路正常运行时， SA1和SA2是在合上的位置，途中出13，2123接通之外，其余接点均是不接通的，ARD投入工作，QF(12)是断开的。重合闸继电器KAR中电容器C经4R充电，其通电回路是+WCSA24RC-WC，同时指示灯HL亮，表示母线电压正常，电容器已在充电状态。当线路发生故障时，由继电保护(速断和过电流)动作，是跳闸回路通电跳闸，防跳继电器KTL电流线圈起动，KTL(12)闭合，但因SA1 58不通，KTL的电压线圈不能自保持，跳闸后，KTL电流电压线圈断电。由于QF(12)闭合，KAR中的KT通电动作，KT(12)打开，使5R串入KT回路，以限制KT线圈中的电流，仍使KT保持动作状态，KT(34)经延时后闭合，电容器C对KM线圈放电，使KM动作，KM（12）打开后HL熄灭，表示KAR动作。KM（34），KM（56），KM(78)闭合，合闸接触器KM1经+WCSA2KM(34),KM(56) KM电流线圈KSXBKTL(34) QF(34)接通正电源，使断路器重新合闸。同时后加速继电器KM2也因KM(78)闭合而起动， KM2辅助触点闭合。若故障为瞬时性的， 此时故障应已消失，继电器保护不会在动作，则重合闸合闸成功。QF(12)断开，KAR内继电器均返回，但后加速继电器KM2触点延时打开，若故障为永久性的，则继电保护动作， KT1长开闭合，经KM2的延时打开触点，接通跳闸回路跳闸，QF(12)闭合，KT重新动作。由于电容器还来不及重组点，KM不能动作，即使时间很长，因电容器C与KM线圈已经并连，电容C将不会充电至电源电压值。所以，自动重合闸只重合一次。（2）手动跳闸时，重合闸不应重合 因为人为操作断路器跳闸是运行的需要，无需重合闸，利用SA1的2123和24来实现。操作控制开关跳闸时， SA1的2123均不通，跳闸后仍保持断开状态，从而可靠切断了重合闸的正电源，重合闸不可能动作。此外，在操作控制开关跳闸时，在“预备跳”和“跳闸后”24接通，使电容器与6R并联，C充电不到电源电压而不能重合闸。（3）防跳功能 当ARD重合于永久性故障时，断路器将再一次跳闸，若KAR中KM（34），KM（56）触点黏住时，KTL的电流线圈因跳闸而被起动，KTL（12）闭合并能自锁，KTL电压线圈通电保持，KTL（34）断开，切除合闸回路，防止跳跃现象。继电保护装置的基本要求有四点：即选择性、灵敏性、速动性和可靠性 1.选择性 当供电系统中发生故障时，继电保护装置应能有选择性地将故障部分切除。也就是它应该首先断开距离故障点最近的断路器，以保证系统中其它非故障部分能继续正常运行。2.灵敏性 灵敏性是指继电保护在起保护范围内，在发生故障或不正常运行状态的反应能力。在继电保护的范围内，不论系统的运行方式，短路的性质和短路的位置如何，保护都应正确动作。3.速动性 速动性是指保护装置应能尽快地切除短路故障。缩短切除故障的时间，就可以减轻短路电流对电气设备的损坏程度，加快系统电压的恢复，从而为电气设备的自启动创造了有利条件，同时还提高了发电机并列运行的稳定性。 4.可靠性 保护装置应能正确的动作，并随时处于准备状态。如不能满足可靠性的要求，保护装置反而成为了扩大事故或直接造成故障的根源。为确保保护装置动作的可靠性，则要求保护装置的设计原理、整定计算、安装调试要正确无误；同时要求组成保护装置的各元件的质量要可靠、运行维护要得当、系统应尽可能的简化有效，以提高保护的可靠性。19-汉译英From a number of enterprises are often available near the power supply voltage according to power level and distance from the business, prices and other factors to consider the appropriate choice of power supply to achieve economic, reliable and objective. The design of a total of two options: Option 1 of the two 35Kv power supply. Power A, B of the load of a transformer 35Kv, 10Kv its next level with the transformer. Option 2 uses two 10Kv power supply. Power C, D direct the load of a transformer 10Kv. According to Power Supply and Distribution Technology Table 4-1, 4 are in line with the power transmission power and transmission distance requirements. Advantage of the program a lower price, but far away from the enterprise, greater wear and tear lines. Have used a number of different-class transformers, resulting in initial investment and operating costs higher. 10Kv program used two transformers, power supply from the enterprise closer to, maintenance and operation simple. Therefore, option 2. This program needs for the entire plant, the initial investment and subsequent operating costs are relatively low and relatively high reliability. The enterprise without a large high-pressure equipment. Therefore, a comprehensive three indicators, the whole power supply system power plant options for the use of program 2.Substation is the main connection of power transmission and distribution to achieve a kind of electrical wiring in the substation will be the main wiring diagram wire or cable, electricity transformers, busbars, a variety of switches for electrical equipment such as surge arresters capacitors connect orderly only that instead of the relative electrical connections that the actual location. Usually expressed as one-way three-phase system.The main connection to the substation the following basic requirements: (1) safety, the design of the main cable should be in line with national standards relating to the requirements of technical specifications, can fully guarantee the safety of persons and equipment; (2) reliable power units shall meet the requirements of reliability; (3) flexibility to adapt to a variety of operating mode, operation to facilitate maintenance; (4) more than the economy to meet the prerequisite requirements, the main wiring design should be simple, low investment and low cost operation and management, under normal circumstances, consideration should be given to saving power consumption and non-ferrous metals.Substation for power distribution system commonly used in the basic form of the main circuit wiring - wiring transformer unit, single busbar connection and three kinds of bridge type connection. (1) Line - transformer unit wiring all the way when the only power supply and a transformer options, there are simple wiring, electrical equipment used inlow power devices is simple, the advantages of savings and investment, butwhen any one of the unit equipment failure or maintenance, the substation all the power, reliability is not high, so lines - Transformer Connection Group is only applicable to the three small-capacity load, small business users and non-productive.(2) Also known as single-bus bus bus terminal for the pooling and distribution of electricity. Single-bus single-wire bus can be divided into non-sub-sub-two and single-bus. Not a single sub-bus connection: When the only way into the power line, commonly used this connection, every road into a line and round the installation of isolation switches and circuit breakers. When the power lines, bus or bus isolation switch failure or maintenance, the total interruption of electricity supply. Therefore, such a connection mode for the continuity of power supply load modest three-tier user, or the secondary load standby power users. Single-bus sub-wiring: When there is a dual power supply, the regular use of a single sub-bus connection. Isolating switch or a short circuit can be sub-device, isolating switch inconvenience due to the operation, now no longer used. Single sub-bus wiring can be run, you can run side by side at the same time. (3) Bridge the so-called bridge cable wiring is defined as two-way cross between the power line into the circuit breaker after another, like a bridge. Jumper circuit breaker in the circuit breaker into the inside lane, near the transformer, referred to as wiring inside the bridge. If the jumper circuit breaker in the circuit breaker into the lateral line, near the power supply side, as the wiring outside the bridge. Its scope of application for two-way power supply and the situation of the two transformers.Considering these factors, after a careful analysis of the discussion, the following wiring diagram of the two main design options, as follows. The substation has two power supply at the same time, it should be double-loop power supply into line, the program used a single low-voltage sub-bus connection. Program on the 1st through the power supply from two into line, set up two 10kV transformer. Two 10kVtransformer for the two low-voltage bus to provide power supply 0.4kV. 0.4kV bus in the low-voltage busbar contact do. The merits of option 1 is the economy, the use of safety throughout the system, relatively independent of the substation, the system is simple, have a certain reliability, to meet the reliability requirements. The disadvantage is that no contact 10kV busbar, busbar autistic reliability and low through the bus. Since the substation at the same time there are two power supply, it should be double-loop power supply into line. Option 2 of a second side are the main sub-bus wiring, as the bus into the line switches and disconnect switches are used to control the circuit breaker operation is very flexible, high reliability for primary and secondary load for Xinhua. Program is on the 2nd power supply from the two into line, set up two 10kV transformer. Two 10kV transformer for the two low-voltage bus to provide power supply 0.4kV and 2 low-voltage substation bus around 0.4kV busbar contact so for low-voltage equipment to provide reliable power supply. In addition, the program on the 2nd of the 10kV bus done online contact, not only increased 2 substation reliability, and improved bus autistic and reliability through the bus. The merits of option 2 is the entire system of higher security and reliability can be further improved, in particular, to increase the reliability of the bus closed significant, this program can greatly improve their safe and stable operation. The disadvantage is that the system is relatively complex and the complex wiring on the input of the economy has definitely increased.The two on the program discussed. Security, the same two options, both to ensure the safety of system operation. In terms of reliability, the Chamber on the 2nd program is better than 1 program. Program on the 2nd because the 1st program in adding a contact side bus, reliability is improved. Flexibility in the use of No. 2, the program is superior to the 1st program. Program on the 2nd because the power conversion and failover can be in the high-voltage substation on the 1st part of the Department to achieve the bus connections can also be part of the realization of the low pressure, so that the use of flexible and convenient. In the economy, the program has the edge on the 1st. No. 1 program in ensuring the reliability of 10kVOffice in the program less than 2 bus to connect a high-pressure tank, to save some money. Other aspects of dual independent power substation into the main line connection using one or two sub-terminal side of a single bus. This connection applies to primary and secondary load of enterprises, there are two substation transformers or two or more. Double-loop high-voltage power lines into a single-bus sub-side after a high-powered and reliable, flexible and convenient operation. Based on the above five areas of consideration, in light of the actual design of the various needs of, and ultimately choose to use the design on the 2nd, as the companys main power supply system wiring diagram.Transformer secondary circuit is to protect a circuit is correct, safe, reliable operation of the system. Power supply system including the secondary circuit is used to control, direction, monitoring and protection of the operation of a loop circuit and the operation of the power circuit and so on. Secondary circuit breaker can be classified according to the functions of control circuit, signal circuit, the protection circuit, monitoring and automation loop circuit, such as operation of the power loop. Operation of the power control circuit to circuit breakers, relay protection device, the signal circuit, the monitoring system to provide the required secondary power circuit. Voltage transformer, current transformer to the monitoring, energy metering circuit to provide current and voltage parameters. Secondary circuit of the DC operating power to operate the main power supply and the exchange of two types of operating power supply, DC power supplies are battery operated and two DC power rectifier. The exchange of operating power supply voltage transformers, current transformers. Comparison: cheap power supply rectifier operation, the maintenance workload of small, small size. Therefore, this system uses a rectifier DC power supply operation.Electromagnetic actuator working principle of circuit breakers: (1) manual control circuit breakers manually switch Tripping circuit breaker located in the state, when the control switch SA is in post-tripping (TD) position, the electric shock through, QF closed, green. 1R resistance due to the existence of the flow switch on the contactor coil current KM is very small, not enough to make it move. SA will control switch 90 degrees clockwise, to prepare closing position (PC), the lights flash then in a small bus (+) WF on HG flashing green light indicates that the position control switch and the post-closing position the same, but still in the circuit breaker after tripping, and this does not correspond to the principle of using cables, running at the same time to remind staff to check whether the operation error, such as accuracy, the SA and then placed in closing position (C) (continue to shun 45 degrees clockwise rotation). SA connected to switch contacts connected to KM in the + WC and-WC between, KM movement, its close contact KM1 and KM2, coil power switch, circuit breaker switch. After the circuit breaker switch, QF1 disconnected so that the green light goes out, QF2 closed access due to SA, the red light. SA when the release after the spring under, SA automatically returned after the closing position, the issue of flat red light, indicating that manual circuit breaker switch. At the same time show that the trip intact and control circuit fuse circuit intact. In this pathway, because there is resistance, the flow of current tripping coil is very small, not enough to make it move. Manual tripping SA switches to control a 90-degree counterclockwise rotation under Preparatory Trip location (PT), issued a red light flashing, indicating the location of SA with the same location after the trip, but still in the switch state of circuit breakers. SA will continue to rotate 45 degrees and placed in tripping position (T), so that tripping coil connected to the tripping of the circuit power tripping coil, QF1 close, QF2 off, the red lights went out. When SA after release, SA automatically return to the post-trip position, the issue of flat green light, indicating that manual circuit breaker tripping, closing loop intact.(2) automatic circuit breakers Automatic circuit breakers automatically installed through the closed relay contacts to achieve together, respectively, the automatic tripping. Automation completed, the signal will be HR or HG flash that automatically switch on or tripping circuit breakers, said circuit tripping or reclosing circuit well, will need to run to the corresponding SA rotating position, the corresponding signal-fat plain glass. When the circuit breaker tripping due to failure, the relay contact closure to protect exports, SA then the contact was short, power-tripping coil, circuit breakers tripping, HG issued a flash that the circuit breaker tripping due to failure. Signal relay coil power current-mode signal will be issued. At the same time as a result of closure and SA only QF3 home after the switch (CD) the location