英美概况模拟试题.doc

英美概况模拟试题(三)I. Direction: Read the following unfinished statements of questions carefully. For each unfinished statement of question four suggested answers A; B, C and D are given. Choose the one you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on your answer sheet (25%) 1. There are _D_C_ political党派的 divisions on the island of Great Britain. A. one B. two C. three D. four 2. Magna Carta had altogether 63 clauses条款 of which the most important matters could be seen in three of the following except _B_A_. A. no tax should be made without the approval of the Grand Council; B. no serf should be arrested, imprisoned or deprived of his property except by the law of the land C. London and other towns should retain their ancient rights and privileges D. There should be the same weights and measures through - out the country. 3. The first steam engine was devised by Thomas Newcomer at the end of the 17th century, and the Scottish inventor _B_ modified and improved the design in 1765. A. Abraham Darby B. James Watt C. John Kay D. Richard Arkwright 4. In some areas factory farming methods are used, particularly for _D_. A. growing crop B. producing milk C. catching fish D. rearing poultry 饲养家禽5. By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed _A_ by the Sovereign in the United Kingdom. A. Prime Minister B. Member of Parliament C. Lord of Appeal D. Speaker of the House 6. Under the Anglo英国人 - Irish爱尔兰 Treaty, 条约Britain established _D_B_ with dominion status in Ireland in 1921. A. the Anglican Church of Ireland B. the Irish Free State C. the Irish Republican Army D. the Anglo - Irish Intergovernmental Council 7. Irish broadcasting began in _B_C_ in a small studio called Dublin . 都柏林（爱尔兰共和国的首都）Broadcasting Station. A. 1906 B. 1916 C. 1926 D. 1936 8. _B_D_ realized that he could win support for the Union at home and abroad by making the war a just war against slavery. A. Frederick Douglass B. George Washington C. John Adams D. Abraham Lincoln 林肯 9. But even after the abolition of slavery, organized or individual discrimination was practiced against _D_. A. Chinese - Americans B. American Indians C. Japanese - Americans D. black Americans 10. From 1948 to 1966 average yearly growth in real spendable earnings was _C_B_ percent in the United States. A. 1.1 B. 2.1 C. 3.1 D. 4.1 11. After a period of prosperity (1920 1929), government involvement in the economy increased _. A. during the Great Depression B. after the WW I C. after the WW II D. during the Cold War 12. The United States grows nearly _ of the worlds grain and supplies a half of all the exports of grain in the world. A. one third B. one fourth C. one sixth D. one seventh 13. Through the Department of _, the President is responsible for the protection of Americans abroad and of foreign nationals in the United States. A. State B. Justice C. Labor D. Defense 14. The community college embodies _ belief that an education should be practical as well as liberal. A. George Washingtons B. Thomas Jeffersons C. Abraham Lincolns D. Franklin Roosevelts 15. The exploratory voyage made by _ brought to a close to an era of European discovery of Australia that had lasted nearly two hundred years. A. Arthur Philip B. Mathew Flinders C. Port Jackson D. Peter Lalor 16. After the outbreak of the First World War, Australia followed Britains lead and declared war on _. A. Japan B. Turkey C. Italy D. Germany 17. The European discovery of Canada can be traced back to the end of the _ century. A. 14th B. 15th C. 16th D. 17th 18. Northern provinces and territories tale up _ of Canada. A. half B. two thirds C. one third D. four fifths 19. In New Zealand, hydroelectricity from rivers and dams supplies _ of total energy. A. 15% B. 16% C. 17% D. 18% 20. In the United States, Halloween is night - time _ holiday. A. childrens B. mens C. womens D. old mens 21. Australia is generally divided into the following three topographical regions except _. A. the Great Western Plateau B. the Outback C. the Eastern Highlands D. the Central Eastern Lowlands 22. In Britain the succession order of the Crown can be altered only by common consent of _. A. all members of the royal family B. the House of Lords and the House of Commons C. cabinet and ministry D. the countries of the Commonwealth 23. New Zealand is the worlds largest exporters of _. A. lamb B. expertise C. honey D. potatoes 24. Today _ is Irelands most influential daily. A. the Irish Press B. the Irish Independence C. the Irish Times D. the Irish Daily 25. In the United States, _ is a leading commercial crop in the South. A. cotton B. tobacco C. peanut D. apple II. Directions Read each of the following statements carefully and see if it is true of false. Put T if you think it is true of F if you think it is false in the corresponding space on you answer sheet. (15%) 1. _ William Walworth launched the Peasant Revolt of 1381 in England. 2. _ In the English Civil War, the Puritans were not the Kings opponents. 3. _ The Chartists could be roughly divided into two groups: the Moral Force Chartists and the Physical Force Chartists. 4. _ In Britain, changes of Government do not involve changes in departmental staff, who continue to carry out their duties whichever party is in power. 5. _ The British criminal law presumes the innocence of the accused until he has been proven guilty beyond reasonable doubt. 6. _ As committed to the goal of a united Ireland, Dublin refuses to negotiate a settlement of the problem of Northern Ireland with London. 7. _ After the abolition of slavery, organized or individual discrimination was never practiced against black Americans. 8. _ When the Korean War broke out in June, 1950, Truman sent the 7th Fleet to the Taiwan Straits to prevent the PLA from liberating Taiwan. 9. _ Canada possesses rich and vast natural resources which are significant in the Canadian economy. 10. _ The rich green mountains and valleys make New Brunswick Nova Scotia, Prince Edward island, and Newfoundland the most beautiful in Canada. 11. _ The minerals and energy industry is supplementary to the Australian economy. 12. _ Captain Matthew Flinders exploratory voyage to Australia between 1802 and 1803 brought a close to an era of European discovery. 13. _ In 1995, about 14% of the US population lived under the poverty line. 14. _ In 1948, Ireland voted itself out of the British Common wealth. 15. _ Formal education in the United States consists of elementary, secondary and higher education. III. Directions: For each of the following blanks, only one word is suitable. Write the word in the corresponding space on your answer sheet. (25%) 1. The England Civil War not only overthrew _ in England, but also undermined the feudal rule in Europe. 2. Two of the most important literary writers of the late 17th Century England were _ and _. Both were Puritans. 3. During the WW II, the leaders of the United States, the Soviet Union and Britain met at _, _ and _ conferences. 4. The American War of Independence show that a _ nation can defeat a _ one. 5. Canadas early economic development was founded on a number of resource - based _: fishing, forestry, _ and mining. 6. Britain is a welfare state which is funded out of _ and _. 7. The government education departments _ education policies and are also responsible for the _ and training of teachers. 8. The Souths lending industries are those that make use of the _ supply of natural resources and _ materials. 9. The Senate serves a term of _ years, and every two years, _ of the Senators stands for re - election. 10. Fianna Fail continues to demand that the British be withdrawn from _ but it opposes the use of violence to achieve this goal. 11. Australias two territories are Australian Capital Territory and _. 12. Australias rural children can learn their lessons through a radio educational system called _. 13. According to the Treaty of Waitangi, if Maori owners wanted to sell _, only the Crown had the right to _. 14. Mrs. Thatchers government used both _ and _ policies to improve the efficiency of the British economy in the 1980s. 15. In 1885 _ was completed and the country was linked from coast to coast. 16. Ireland is a _ republic and a unitary state under the 1937 Constitution. 17. The highest peak of Britain is _. It is about _ meters high, located in the Highlands of Scotland. 18. _ is the largest and most populous of the three political divisions on the island of Great Britain. 19. In the 1770s _ visited New Zealand and claimed it for England. 20. The New York Stock Market crash of 1929 marked the beginning of _. 21. By 1918 car _ had reached 2.5 million, which showed the United States was on the way to becoming a nation on _. 22. The Paris Conference ending the First World War was dominated by the Big Four: the United States, _, France, and _. 23. Many of Canadas earliest settlements were founded by fur traders and _. 24. Besides the Great Lakes, Canada is also endowed with three inland seas, known as _, Lake Winnipeg and _. 25. In the UK, the party which wins the second largest number of seats in the House becomes _, with is one leader, and forms a _. 26. The Governor - General of a Commonwealth state is appointed by the Queen on the advice of _ of the country concerned and completely independent of the British Government. 27. In 1453 England was at last defeated in the _ Years War. At that time power in England was in the hands of a number of rich and _ nobles. 28. During the First Civil War of the England Bourgeois Revolution, those who stood on the side of the king were called _ and those who supported the Parliament were called _ because of their short haircuts. 29. The legislative body in the province of Quebec is called the National Assembly while in Newfoundland it is called _. 30. Canadian law has its source in _ and judicial _, and also in British common law. 31. During World War II, Australian women took over the _ left vacant by men who were engaged in the _ effort. IV. Directions: Explain the following terms in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet. (15%) 1. Thatcherism 2. diversity of American education 3. the Canadian Shield 4. Australias service industries 5. the New Deal V. Directions: Give a brief answer to each of the following questions. Write your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet. (12%) 1. Look at a physical map of the United States and find out and name the main monition ranges, rivers and lakes in the United States. 2. How many constituencies are there in Britain today? How many members are there in the House of Commons? 3. What were the effects of European settlement on the Aborigines? 4. Sinn Fein VI. Directions: Write between 100 150 words on the following topic in the corresponding space on your answer sheet. (8%) 1. Tell briefly the history of the two - party system in the United States. What are the characteristics of the two major parties in the United States today? 英语国家概况参考答案 I. 1. C 2. B 3. B 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. D 9. D 10. B 11. A 12. B 13. A 14. B 15. B 16. D 17. B 18. D 19. C 20. A 21. B 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. A II. 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. T 6. F 7. F 8. T 9. T 10. T 11. F 12. T 13. T 14. F 15. T III. 1. the feudal system 2. John Bunyon, John Milton 3. Teheran; Yalta; Potsdam 4. strong 5. industry; agriculture 6. contributions national insurance, taxation 7. formulate; supply 8. abundant; raw 9. one, one third 10. Northern Ireland 11. Northern Territory 12. School of the air 13. land; buy 14. macreconomic, microeconomic 15. the Canadian Pacific Railway 16. Parliamentary 17. Ben Nevis; 1,3000 18. England 19. Captain James Cook 20. the Great Depression 21. registration; wheels 22. Britain; Italy 23. trappers 24. Great Bear Lake; Great Slave Lake 25. the Opposition, Shadow cabinet 26. the ministers 27. Hundred, ambitious 28. Cavaliers, Roundheads 29. House of Assembly 30. Acts; decisions 31. jobs, wars IV. 1. Thatcherism The election of 1979 returned the Conservative Party to power and Margaret Thatcher became the first woman prime minister in Britain. Her policies are popularly referred to as Thatcherism. It included the return to private ownership of state - owned industries, the use of monetarist policies to control inflation, the weakening of trade unions, the strengthening of the role of market forces in the economy, and an emphasis on law and order. 2. diversity of American education Diversity is considered to be an outstanding characteristic of American education. This can be seen not only in type, size and control of the institutions, but educational policies and practices. As is stated by the Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, education is a function of the state, not the federal govemment. As each state has the freedom to develop its own school system and delegates its power over education to local districts, many variations can be found in the education system of the 50 states. 3. the Canadian Shield The Canadian Shield is a semicircular band of rocky highlands and plateaus around Hudson Bay from the northern shores of Quebec to the Arctic shores of the Northwest Territories. It is a region of rounded hills, and tens of thousands of lakes and swamps. 4. Australias service industries Service industries are also called tertiary industy. This sector now includes an additional quaternary level, which covers the research, processing and storage of information. Australias service sector is the fastestgrowing one. It has been growing in importance, due to higher living standards and greater demand for more and better transport and housing, and the expansion by government of educational, health and welfare services. 5. the New Deal In order to deal with the Depression, President Franklin Roosevelt put forward the New Deal program. It passed a lot of New Deal laws and set up many efficient social security systems. The New Deal helped to save American democracy and the development of American economy. V. 1. Look at a physical map of the United States and find out and name the main monition ranges, rivers and lakes in the United States. There are two main mountain ranges in the United States. They are the Appalachian Mountains and the Rocky Mountains. There are many important rivers in the United States. The Mississippi River and its two branches, the Missouri River and the Ohio River, flow south to the Gulf of Mexico. On the Pacific side there are two great rivers: the Colorado River and the Columbia River. The Rio Grande River forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the United States. Other well known rivers include the Hudson River which meets the Atlantic Ocean at New Yurk and the Potomac boarding the national capital of Washington. The most important lakes in the United States are the Great Lakes. They are Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. They are all located between Canada and the United States except Lade Michigan. 2. How many constituencies are there in Britain today? How many members are there in the House of Commons? To hold general elections, Britain is divided into 651 constituencies, each of which returns one member to the House of Commons. There are 651 members in the House of Commnos. 3. What were the effects of European settlement on the Aborigines? White settlement in 1788 proved disastrous for the Aborigines. (1) Aboriginal culture and society were totally disrupted because of a total conflict of cultures. (2) The loss o land to white people led to the breakdown of their tribal life because Aboriginal culture was based on the land. (3) After losing their land, Aborigines became dependent on white handouts. They copied the European habit of drinking alcohol, which destroyed large numbers of Aborigines. (4) The whites also brought many diseases which the Aborigines had no resistance to. (5) All these, combined with the violence between Europeans and Aborigines resulted in the drastically reduction in Aboriginal population. The Aborigines have always been in unfavorable position ever since 1788. The Aborigines still face legal, political, economic and social discrimination today. 4. Sinn Fein Sinn Fei