汽车专业英语翻译题(技术类)1.doc

1、Of all automobile components, an automobile engine is the most complicated assembly with dominant effects on the function of an automobile. So, the engine is generally called the“heart”of an automobile汽车发动机是一切汽车部件中结构最复杂，对汽车功能起支配作用的一个总成。所以发动机通常被称为汽车的心脏。2、The internal combustion engines can be made to operate on almost anything that can be converted into a gas that will burn: wood, coal, alcohol, vegetable oils, mineral oils, etc. 内燃发动机可用几乎一切可转换成可燃气体的燃料：柴、煤、酒精、植物油、矿物油等等。3、according to the fuel energy they use, the internal combustion engines can also be classified as gasoline engines, kerosene engines, diesel engines and LP-Gas engines. 根据内燃机所用的燃料能源，内燃发动机也可归类分为汽油发动机、煤油发动机、柴油发动机以及液化石油气发动机。4、The spark plug is fired to ignite the air-fuel mixture prior to the piston being at the Top Dead Center. 在活塞到达上止点前，火花塞发火点燃可燃混合气。5、scientists have still been making efforts to concentrate the future development of engines on the three targets: reducing fuel consumption, lowering exhaust emissions, and reducing engine noise.科学家们仍然一直在作出努力把发动机未来的发展集中在三个目标上：减少耗油量、降低废气排量以及降低发动机噪音。6、Even when the cylinders, the cylinder heads, or cylinder sleeves are separate pieces, the crankcase is still the largest single part in the engine, to which all of the engine parts are attached directly or indirectly.即使气缸，气缸盖或气缸套都是分离部件，曲柄箱仍应是发动机最大的铸为一体的部件，发动机其它一切部件都直接或间接地安装在它的上面。7、This major unit must be strong and rigid enough to withstand any bending or distortion. 这一主要部件必须非常坚固刚硬，才能足以抗得住任何的弯曲或扭曲。8、It may also be in any other shapes to promote turbulence or help control combustion. 它（气缸顶部）也可以呈其它能促进紊流或有助于控制内燃的形状。9、In other words, it must be provided with counterbalanced weights that extend radially from the crankshaft centerline in the opposite direction of the crank arms. 换言之，它（曲轴）必须装有平衡块，而且平衡块应径向地从曲轴中心线向曲柄相对的方向延伸安装。10、The valve operating assembly includes the lifters or cam followers, pushrods, rocker arms and shafts or pivot, valve, springs, retainers, rotators, seals, and locks, the purpose of this to open and close the intake and exhaust ports that lead to the combustion chambers as required.气门机构总成包括气门挺柱或凸轮随动杆、推杆、摇臂、摇臂轴、气门、气门弹簧、弹簧座、转阀器、油封和锁止夹，它的功用是根据需要打开和关闭通到燃烧室的进气口和排气口。11、One way to determine if your valve cover is bent is to remove the gasket and put the valve cover back on to the cylinder head.判断气门室盖翘曲变形的一种方法是移去其衬垫，然后把气门室盖放回到气缸盖上。（根据它们之间的缝隙判断）12、The valve springs keep the valves closed tightly against their seats until the valve is opened by the cam.在气门被凸轮打开之前，气门弹簧把气门紧紧地压靠在气门座上。13、The fuel system works according to the requirements of the engine “provides an air-fuel mixture which must be in proportion to the speed and load placed on the engine. 燃料系是根据发动机需求而工作的，因为燃料系供给的可燃混合气必须与发动机的转速和荷载成相对比例。14、the fuel tank is usually either flange-mounted on to the front luggage compartment floor, or strap-mounted to the same compartment bulkhead燃油箱通常要么凸缘安装于行李仓地面上，要么捆绑安装于行李仓的隔板上。15、The filter must prevent foreign particles from becoming lodged in and interfering with the normal action of the fuel pump valve mechanism燃油滤清器必须防止各种杂质颗粒沉积于输油泵中，又必须防止其干扰输油泵阀门机械结构的正常运转。16、When the fuel mixture leaves the carburetor, it is changed as it passes through the manifold.当可燃混合气离开化油器，在进入进气歧管的同时，混合气已在起变化。17、It is the heat to the intake manifold that ensures good vaporization and equal distribution of the fuel to each cylinder.正是进气歧管中的热量才保证了燃料正常汽化并均衡地流入每个汽缸。18、Included in the design of the exhaust manifold on some engines is the manifold heat valve.有些发动机上排气歧管的设计包括进气管加热调节阀的设计。19、As a result，not all of the burned gases will be ford from the cylinders.结果，不是全部已燃气都可从气缸中排出的。20、Catalytic converters are emission control devices that contain chemically treated substances that convert harmful emissions into harmlesscarbon dioxide and water vapor. 催化式排气净化器是种排气污染控制装置，这种装置带有经过化学处理的物质，并能使有害气体转变成无害的二氧化碳和水蒸汽。21、The battery-and-coil system ensures the consistent intensity of the spark regardless of engine speed and this makes for easy starting. 无论发动机转速如何，蓄电他（线圈）点火系都可保证持久的火花强度，这一点有利于起动。22、The battery-and-mil ignition system is characterized by its circuit diagram for a four-cylinder engine application.蓄电池（线圈）点火系的特点是其有用于四缸发动机的线路图。23、The purpose of the ignition coil is to transform voltage front a low-tension source, that is the battery and charging system, into a high-tension voltage sufficient to promote an electrical discharge across a fixed sir gap at the spark plug.点火线圈的作用是将蓄电池充电系统的低压电像转变成足以能使电流越过火花塞跳火间隙的高压电。24、A rotary switch that receive the high-tension current from the ignition mil each time the primary circuit is interrupted.每当初级电路断开时旋转开关就能收到来自点火线圈的高压电流。25、Their purpose is to conduct the high-tension current from the ignition system into the combustion chambers of the engine cylinders它们的作用是把高压电流从点火系传导至发动机汽缸的燃烧室。26、An automobile could not move itself without the aid of friction没有摩擦力的作用，汽车就不能向前移动。27、As the oil is fed to the various moving parts of the engineIt absorbs and carries the heat away from the engine parts.当机油供向发动机的各运动部件时，机油就可吸收并带走发动机部件发出的热量。28、The oil，which enters the pump through a screen，is supplied to the moving parts of the engine by pump pressure，splashingor a combination of both.机油通过滤网进入油泵然后通过压力、激溅、复合等润滑方式供向发动机各运动部件。29、As these particles of foreign matter are prevented from entering the engine by oil filters，the rate of wear of engine parts is reduced.由于机油滤清器阻止了杂质微粒进入发动机，这就降低了发动机部件的磨损率。30、In the event the filter gets clogged or obstructeda bypass valve is provided so that oil will continue to reach the bearings如果机油滤清器被阻塞，就得起用分流阀以使机油继续流向各轴承。31、The engine can work effectively only when the heat energy is equally handled so as to keep the engine temperature in balance.只有均等地处理热能以保持发动机温度的均衡，发动机才能有效地工作。32、The behavior of metals at excessively high temperatures also differs from that at normal temperatures金属在过高温度中的性能与在正常温度中的性能是有区别的。33、The heat generated by the mixture burned in the engine must be transferred from the iron or aluminum cylinder to the water in the water jacket.发动机中可燃混合气燃烧所产生的热量必须从铁制或铝制的汽缸中传送到冷却水套里的冷却水中。34、In order to regulate the engine temperature by controlling the volume of cooling air。a thermostat is installed inside the metal housing which enclosed the engine要控制冷却风量以调节发动机的温度，就得在装有发动机的金属外罩内安装恒温器。35、The power train carries power from the engine crankshaft to the car wheels so that wheels rotate and car moves.传动系将从发动机曲轴得到的动力传输给车轮，以便使汽车的车轮旋转和汽车的行驶。36、Manual transmission requires use of a clutch to apply and remove the engine torque to the transmission input shaft.手动变速器需要应用离合器的工作实现发动机的转矩到变速器输出轴之间的传递。37、The typical automatic transmission combines a fluid torque converter, a planetary-gear system, and a hydraulic control system in single unit.典型的自动变速器包括：液力变矩器、一个行星齿轮系统、液力控制系统，并将他们组成一个整体。38、Differentials are used at the rear of vehicles with rear-wheel drive. They are used at the front in the transaxles of vehicles with front-wheel drive.差速器应用在后轮驱动汽车的后轮上。差速器应用在前轮驱动汽车的前轮轮轴上。39、Suspension system has two basic functions: to keep cars wheels in firm contact with the road and to provides a comfortable ride for the passengers.悬架系统有两个基本作用：保持地面和车轮的紧密连接；提供乘员的乘坐舒适性。40、The springs used on todays car and trucks are constructed in a variety of types, shapes, sizes, rates and capacities. Types include leaf springs, coil springs, air springs, and torsion bars.目前在汽车上使用的弹簧在类型、种类、型号、比率和性能上有不同类型包括：钢板弹簧、螺旋弹簧、空气弹簧和扭杆弹簧。41、The leaf springs most commonly used in automobiles is made up of several long plates, or leaves.多数应用在汽车上的钢板弹簧是由几个长的弹簧叶片组成的。42、The operating principal of direct-acting hydraulic shock absorbers is forcing fluid through restricting opening in the valves.直接作用式液力减震器的工作原理是：迫使液体在阀门里流过限制孔。43、The steering gear converts the rotary motion of the steering wheel into straight-line motion. 转向齿轮将转向轮的旋转运动转变为直线运动。44、Power steering systems add a hydraulic pump; fluid reservoir; hoses; lines; and either power assist unit mounted on, or integral with, a steering wheel gear assembly. 动力转向系增加了液压泵、液压罐、回路软管、管路，或者安装了动力辅助设备，或者安装了转向盘齿轮总成。45、The steering linkages carry the movement of the steering wheel from the steering gear to the steering arms at the wheel. 转向直拉杆的作用是将转向齿轮的运动车轮的转向臂。46、Two completely independent braking systems are used on the car . They are the service brake and the parking brake汽车上有两套独立的制动系统：行车制动系和驻车制动系。47、Basically, all car brakes are fiction brakes. When the driver applies the brake, the control device forces brake shoes, or pads, against the rotating brake drums or disks at wheels.基本上，汽车上的制动器大多采用摩擦式，当汽车制动时，制动钳强迫制动蹄片张开阻止车轮制动器的转动。48、There are two brake shoes at each wheel. The bottoms of the shoes are held apart by an adjuster. The tops of the shoes are held apart by a wheel cylinder.每个车轮均有两个制动蹄片。每个制动蹄片的底部由调节器分别固定，顶部由车轮制动轮缸分别固定。49、The body styling provides an attractive, colorful, modern appearance for the vehicle.车身的流线型给汽车提供了吸引力、色彩和现代化的外观。50、The brake light comes on when the parking brake is set or it is not set, it comes on briefly when you turn the ignition key to START.制动系统灯在以下情况下亮：制动时或制动解除时，或者发动机起动时。51、The charging system light should go off when the engine is running, otherwise, have the electrical system checked as soon as possible.充电指示灯在发动机工作时必须熄灭，否则需要尽快检修你的电子系统。52、For proper fuel gauge operation, the ignition switch must be in the OFF position before you add fuel to the fuel tank.正确的油量指示操作，点火开关必须在加油时关闭。53、Under any circumstances, if the pointer moves out of the NORMAL band, the engine is over heating and may cause engine damages.在任何情况下，如果控制点脱离了正常范围，发动机会过热和导致发动机损坏。54、There are actually various types of engines such as electric motors, steam engines, and internal combustion engines. These engines have all successfully operated all kinds of automobile, but the internal combustion engines seem to have almost complete dominance of the automotive field. The internal combustion engine, as its name indicates, burns fuel within the cylinders and converts the expanding force of the combustion into rotary force used to propel the vehicle. 通常有不同型号的发动机,如:电动发动机、蒸汽机、内燃机。这些发动机已经成功地运用在各种汽车上,但是内燃机在汽车上的使用几乎完全占据主要的地位。内燃机,顾名思义,燃料是在汽缸内燃烧的,它将燃料的膨胀力转换成旋转力去驱动汽车。55、The internal combustion engines can be made to operate on almost anything that can be converted into a gas that will burn: wood, coal, alcohol, vegetable oils, mineral oils, etc. However, because of convenience, a wide variety of petroleum products are used as fuel: gasoline, kerosene, fuel oil, liquefied petroleum gas (LP-Gas), etc. So, according to the fuel energy they use, the internal combustion engines can also be classified as gasoline engines, kerosene engines, diesel engines and LP-Gas engines.内燃发动机可用几乎一切转换成可燃气体的燃料:柴、煤、酒精、植物油、矿物油等等。然而，从便捷性来看,大部分的石油产品被用做燃料:汽油、煤油、燃料油、液化石油气等等。所以根据内燃机所用的燃料能源，内燃发动机可以归类为:汽油发动机、煤油发动机、柴油发动机以及液化石油气发动机。56、The internal combustion engines used in automotive vehicles are mainly of two basic types: two-stroke-cycle and four-stroke-cycle. Either may be water-cooled or air-cooled. However, most automobile engines operate on the four-stroke-cycle.内燃机主要有两种型号的发动机使用在汽车上:二冲程和四冲程,水冷和气冷。然而,大部分汽车发动机使用四冲程。57、This type of engine is known as Otto cycle, after the name of its inventor, Nikolaus Otto. Each cylinder of the four-stroke-cycle engine has a piston, which reciprocates (move back and forth) within the cylinder. Each piston is connected to the crankshaft by means of a link known as a connecting rod. 这种类型的发动机被称为:奥拓发动机,是以尼古拉斯奥拓这位发明者的名字命名的。四冲程的发动机的每个汽缸都有一个活塞,活塞是在汽缸内做往复运动(来回运动)的。每一个活塞是通过被称为连杆的杆件连接到曲轴上的。58、The power production cycle consists of four strokes of the piston in a reciprocating engine. The first stroke draws the combustible mixture. The second stroke compresses the mixture.The third stroke creates the power of combustion. The final stroke forces burned gases out of the cylinder. 在往复式发动机内的动力循环系统包括活塞的四个冲程。第一个冲程吸收燃烧的混合气。第二冲程压缩混合气。第三个冲程通过燃烧做功。最后一个冲程将废气排出汽缸外面。59、The operating sequence of a four-cycle engine can specifically be described as follow:In the first place, as the piston moves downward to the Bottom Dead Center, a vacuum is created in the cylinder. The intake valve opens and air-fuel mixture enters the cylinder. Next, the air-fuel mixture is compressed as the piston moves upward. The spark plug is fired to ignite the air-fuel mixture prior to the piston being at the Top Dead Center. Note that both valves are closed. Then, the air-fuel mixture explodes, which forces the piston downward. Note that both valves are closed. Finally, as the piston starts to move upward, the exhaust valve is opened. The piston moving up forces the exhaust gases out of the cylinder. This four-stroke-cycle of piston within the cylinder is repeated time and again to push the vehicle forward.四冲程发动机的操作顺序具体描述如下:在第一阶段,活塞向上运动到达上止点,在汽缸内产生真空。进气伐打开,空气燃油混合气进入汽缸。接着,空气燃油混合气被向上运动的活塞压缩。在活塞到达上止点前，火花塞点火去点燃可燃混合气。注意这时两个气门是关闭的,然后空气燃油混合气爆炸去推动活塞向下移动。注意这时两个气门还是关闭的。最后当活塞向上运动的时候,排气伐打开，活塞向上移动迫使废气排除汽缸。汽缸内的活塞的四冲程重复进行去推动汽车运动。60、Although many advanced technologies have been applied to the improvement of automobile engines, scientists have still been making efforts to concentrate the future development of engines on the three targets: reducing fuel consumption, lowering exhaust emissions, and reducing engine noise. The three targets are actually interrelated. For example, reduced fuel consumption can reduce carbon dioxide emission, which, over a long period of time, may cause problems with the earths climate. So, the future developments must endeavor to achieve the three targets simultaneously.尽管许多先进的技术被用来改进汽车发动机,科学家们仍然一直在做出努力把发动机未来的发展集中在三个目标上:减少耗油量、降低废气排量以及降低发动机噪音。实际上，这三个目标是相互关联的。例如,减少耗油量能减少废气排量，经过长时间，废气排量可能引起地球气候问题。因此,将来的发展是必须在三个目标上同时做出努力。61、It was snowing heavily on Monday morning. Li Hua was at the bus stop, waiting for Bus No.601 to go to school. After a while, a bus came and she got on it. There were many passengers in the bus.Some were talking and some were looking out of the windows. Suddenly the bus stopped. The driver turned around and said, Sorry. The bus has broken down. Please get off and help push the bus.When they heard this, Li Hua and the other passengers got off the bus.They worked hard together, pushing the bus slowly forward. Soon the bus was running again. All the passengers were smiling and the sun was shining.星期一的早晨，天下着大雪。李华在公共汽车站等待601路车去学校。一会儿，一辆汽车过来了，她上了车。公共汽车上有许多乘客，一些在聊天，一些在向窗口外看。突然，车停了。司机师傅转过脸来对大家说，“抱歉!汽车发生了故障。请你们下车帮忙推一下好吗。”听到这些话，李华和其他乘客下了车。他们一起用力推，车终于慢慢地动了起来。不一会儿，车又开始跑了起来。所有的乘客都笑了起来，太阳也露出了笑脸。62、Americans like to go out by car. Although more and more Chinese own cars, most Chinese still like to ride bicycles. This is determined by a lot of factors.As we all know, the bike advances slowly by manpower, but it can be placed where it is comvenient. However, as for the car, although it can run fast by engine, it must be parked at parking lots.Most Americans live in the suburb which is Far fiom urban areas and their working places. So they need cars to go shopping and go to work. And they also like traveling far. Thus a car brings them great convenience. On the contrary, most Chinese live near their working area and markets. They don t need a car to go to work or go shopping.I would like to ride a bike,because it costs little and is easy to use and because a bike won t cause pollution, which is most important.美国人喜欢乘汽车外出。尽管越来越多的中国人拥有了汽车，但大部分中国人仍喜欢骑自行车，这是由很多因素决定的。众所周知，自行车靠人力，行进慢，但可以在方便的地方停放。然而对于汽车来说，虽然它依靠发动机行进很快，但它必须停在停车场。多数美国人生活在郊区，远离市区及工作地点，所以他们需要汽车来购物、上班，并且他们也喜欢驾车远行。因此汽车给他们提供很大方便。相反，多数中国人居住在工作地点和市场附近，他们不需要开车去上班或购物。我喜欢骑自行车外出，因为它花费少而会容易使用。最重要的是自行车不会引起污染。63、The basic engine must draw in an air-fuel mixture, compree it burn it, and expel the wasteGases. This sequence of events makes up what is known as the four-stroke cycle . This means that Each piston travels down twice and up twice after each ignition of the air-fuel mixture,making four strokes in all. To simplify the operation sequence, well assume that our engine has only one cylinder.基本的发动机必须吸入空燃混合气,将其压缩、燃烧并排出废气.这一连串动作构成了所谓的四冲程循环这就是说，每次点燃空燃混合气后，每只活塞上下各运动两次，构成四个冲程。为了便于说明工作的顺序，假设我们的发动机只有一个气缸。64、The following is the four-stroke cycle of an engine .1.Intake. This begins with the piston at the top of its stroke and the inlet valve opens . As the piston goes down, its draws the air-fuel mixture into the cylinder past the open inlet valve.2.Compression. When the piston has completed its down-stroke, the inlet valve closes .The revolving crankshaft then pushes the piston up again, and the mixture now in the cylinder is compressed upward into the combustion chamber. At the top of the stroke it is fully compressed.3.Ignition. At this point a spark occurs between the electrodes of the spark plug. This ignites the air-fuel mixture.The heat from the explosion causes high pressure on the top of the piston which is thus forced downward.4.Exhaust. At the end of the down-stroke, the exhaust valve opens and during the following up-stroke the products of combustion are pushed past the valve and out of the engine.The cycle described above is constantly repeated so long as the engine is running.以下是发动机的四冲程循环。1、进气。进气冲程开始时，活塞位于该冲程顶部，进气阀打开。当活塞下行时，空燃混合气通过打开的进气阀被吸入气缸。2、压缩.当活塞完成下行行程时，进气阀关闭。然后旋转的曲轴有推动活塞上行，向上压缩气缸里的混合气使其进入燃烧室。在到达该行程顶部的位置时，混合气受到充分的压缩。3、点火、这时，火花塞电极之间产生火花，点燃空燃混合气。爆发产生的热量在活塞顶部形成高压，从而迫使活塞向下运动。4、排气、在下行行程结束时，排气阀打开，并在接着的上行行程中，燃烧物通过排气阀被排出发动机。只要发动机在运转，上述循环就会不断重复进行。65、Every automobile must have brakes so that it can be slowed or stopped once it has been set in motion.Modern automobiles can travel very fast, so good brakes are essential for safety.Lets take three kinds of brakes which are in general use as samples. They are disc brakes, drum brakes and anti-lock brakes.每一辆汽车都必须有制动器，以使汽车在行使中总可以降低它的速度或停车。现代的汽车可以行使的非常快。所以，良好的制动器对安全非常重要。让我们以三种常见的制动器为例。这三种制动器是盘式制动器、鼓式制动器和防抱死制动器。66、The disc brake works in the same manner as hand brakes on a bicycle. It consists of a metal disc with pads operated by slave hydraulic cylinders. The metal metal disc is attached to the road wheel and rotates with it. Disc brakes have the more powerful stopping effect, dissipate heat well, and are relatively unaffected by water, so they ar