动词应用解题技巧及强化训练.doc

第四章 动词应用解题技巧及强化训练【解题技巧】选用动词的适当形式填空主要是测试动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词的用法和其他方面的掌握程度。谓语动词有时态、语态的区别；非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)。因此，做此类试题首先要判断是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，然后确定其正确形式。下面按四个方面将如何确定动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词等形式的方法分述如下：1. 确定时态的方法(1)从句中所含的时间状语来判断：一般现在时常用的时间状语有：sometimes，often，always，usually，every Tuesday，in the morning等等。一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用：last year，yesterday，ago，last Monday morning，just now等等。一般将来时常有表示将来含义的时间状语：tomorrow，next week，this evening等等。现在进行时常与now连用，或用look，listen创设现在进行时的语言环境。过去进行时常与表示“具体的过去时间”连用。如：at eight last night，at that time，this time yesterday等。现在完成时常用的时间状语有：already，just，ever，never，yet以及since/for引导的时间状语。过去完成时常与表示“与过去时间比较已经完成”，含有“过去的过去”之意的时间状语连用。如：by the end of last year，by 1990等。过去将来时，常出现在主句为一般过去时的宾语从句里，且常与表示“过去将来”的时间状语连用，如the next week/month等。(2)根据上下文联系和时态呼应来判断时态。如：Listen! Who is_singing？在复合句中，可根据从句的时态判断主句的时态。如：He has_been to many places since he came to China.也可根据主句的时态决定从句的时态。如宾语从句中若主句是一般过去时，宾语从句要用过去某种时态。如：Bill asked if they could_(can)come.当主句为一般将来时，从句为if，when，as soon as，until等引导的状语从句时，从句常用一般现在时表示将来。如：If you dont hurry，youll miss the train.(3)根据习惯表达来判断时态。如：表示客观真理的句子常用一般现在时。如：He said the earth goes round the sun.2. 确定语态的方法当句子主语是动作的承受者，含有“被动”之意时，要用被动语态。被动语态的谓语由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。be要随着时态和主语的人称和数而变化。中考所涉及的被动语态只有一般现在时、一般过去时和情态动词的被动语态；只要熟练掌握，一般没有什么困难。3. 确定非谓语动词的用法对于动词不定式，主要掌握其几种基本用法，对动名词和分词只要掌握教材中所出现的常用句型搭配，并把这些动词分清、记牢。记住这些动词，就等于记住了它们的用法。跟动词不定式作宾语的动词有want，try，forget，hope，decide，choose，agree等。跟动名词作宾语的动词有keep，go，like，finish，enjoy，hate等。动词stop，remember，forget等动词既可接不定式也可跟动名词作宾语，意义不同。如：He stopped talking.He was so tired that he stopped to_have a rest.动词let，see，hear，make，feel等后面的宾补在主动语态中常用不带to的不定式作宾补，但改被动语态时，则要带to。如：They made him work 10 hours a day.He was made to_work 10 hours a day.4. 其他方面包括习惯用法、句型、短语等有关动词基本形式的测试。如一些常见句型：It takes sb. some time to_do sth. /tooto_do sth. 等。介词后面应用动词-ing形式。系动词、实义动词在情态动词、助动词后面及在祈使句里用原形。此处，还应注意一些常见的短语。如：well done，had better do sth. 等。这些方面的知识主要靠平时积累，并且多做有关练习，加以巩固记忆，才能熟练掌握。【例题解析】1. I_(see)your aunt when I_(walk) in the street yesterday.答案saw; was walking。根据句子的时间状语，本句的动作显然是过去发生的，考虑到两个动作的同步性，我们把前一动作用一般过去时，而when从句的动作用过去进行时。2. Go home before it_(rain).答案rains。主句为祈使句时，条件状语从句、时间状语从句也常用一般现在时代替将来时。3. He asked me what_(happen) in China in 1949.答案happened。由于后边有较明确的时间状语in 1949，所以此处用一般过去时。4. Ill tell him the message as soon as he_(come) back.答案comes。主句是一般将来时，时间状语从句常用一般现在时表示将来的动作。5. Ill tell him the news(消息)that our class_(win).答案has won(或won，is winning，will win等)。虽与上例相仿，但本句中的that从句是news的同位语(从句)，所以它的时态一般不受主句时态的影响。另外，因为win 是一次性的动作，所以此处不可用一般现在时形式wins。【强化训练】. 用所给动词的适当形式填空1. The Browns _(watch)TV at seven olock yesterday evening.2. How soon _she _(come) back？3. The Great Wall _(know) all over the world.4. The next morning she found a young man _(lie) in bed.5. The room _(clean) again tomorrow afternoon.6. They told me _(not worry)about this.7. Here is some medicine for you _(take).8. When we got to the cinema，the film _(be) on for ten minutes.9. They said they _ never _(be) to England.10. The teacher told us that the earth _(go) around the sun.11. The fruit trees _(plant )three years ago.12. The population of China _(be)much larger than that of Australia.13. They will have a football match if it _(not rain) tomorrow.14. They _(learn) about two thousand English words since they came to this school.15. As soon as he _(come)，Ill give the note to him.16. How about _(take) some photos on the Great Wall？17. Its not easy _(catch) fish with your hands only.18. Those things cant _(put) there.19. What language _(speak) in America？20. Be quick. Somebody _(wait) for you at the school gate.21. My mother is always busy_ (write) something.22. I_ (not hear) from her for a long time.23. It is three years since we_ (meet) last.24. They_ (ask)to clean the classroom yesterday.25. The singer_ (leave) for America. She is not here.26. Mary_ (not go) to the meeting. Neither did I.27. The bridge is strong enough for heavy trucks_ (pass)through.28. Youd better_ (not leave) her alone at home when you are out.29. Neither she nor I_ (be)to the Great Wall before.30. Will you please_ (not forget) to clean the classroom？. 选用方框中所给单词和词组的适当形式填空(每词只能用一次)Areach，miss，wear，turn off，snow，be busy with，build，get on with，live，return1. You_the train if you dont hurry.2. I dont know whether she enjoys_this watch.3. Please_the radio when you leave.4. Wei Fang didnt go to see the film last Sunday，because she_her homework.5. His brother_Beijing an hour ago.6. Mr Green_here since 1980.7. This post office_in 1990.8. _you_the book to the library yet？9. How are you_your classmates？10. It_hard now. Youd better stay at home.Bbe，know，get on，put on，wake up，be sell，feel，come down，speak，enjoy1. Be quiet，your father is asleep. Dont_him_.2. There_a sports meeting tomorrow afternoon.3. Miss Read often_so quickly that her students cant understand her.4. Take the medicine three times a day and you_better soon.5. The teacher asked the boy_from the tree.6. All the tickets_out a moment ago.7. The children_themselves in the park last Sunday morning.8. They_for twenty years.9. He _his coat in a hurry and ran out of the house.10. When the girl saw an old woman_the bus，she stood up and asked the old woman to take her seat. 通读下列短文，并用所给动词的适当形式填空，必要时可以加情态动词。AA man _(look) for things of the old times. One day he came to a village and _(find) a blue bowl. It looked very old . The bowl _(be) on the ground and a cat _ (drink) milk from it. A farmer，the owner of the cat，_(lie) beside the bowl. The man didnt want the farmer _(know) that he was interested in the bowl. So he said to him softly，“What a nice cat you _(have)! _ you _(sell) it to me？”“How much will you give me for the cat？”the farmer opened his eyes and asked.“Twenty dollars. Would that be enough？”Later the farmer agreed. After he _(pay) the farmer，the man said，“My cat _(feel)thirsty. May I take the bowl so that the cat _(drink)？”But the farmer said，“Im sorry I cant give you the bowl. Thanks to the bowl，I _(sell) twenty cats. ”BDear Tom，Are you interested to hear from me？I _(not hear) from you since the beginning of the summer holidays.How_ you _(get) on with your sister？How are your parents？Is your brother，Bill，back form Canada yet？My stamp collection (集邮)_(get) bigger and bigger. I _(collect) stamps of more than forty different countries. In my stamp books，usually I _(put) the stamps from each country together. I have got a penfriend from Britain. She _(give) me some Building stamps. My American teacher _(give) me some beautiful American and Canadian stamps. Im glad _(know) you _(send) me some foreign stamps，but I still have not received the stamps of Nepal which you _(say) to post me. Have you sent them off yet？Please write to me soon.Yours，Zhou WenCTwo months after beginning the new work hours，good results _(report) in Wenzhou. New work hour _(start) at 9 in the morning，an hour later than before. But people still go back home at 6 in the afternoon.“With one more hours sleep every day，I _(feel) much better，”said a worker there.Now people still work as long as before，but not from 8: 00 to 6: 00. They _(go) to work an hour later，but have a shorter lunch break. In the past they had two hours for lunch，but now they have only one.Many people welcome the new work hours. “Why_ we _(have) to waste a lot of time in the middle of the day and rush in the early morning？”Two months ago，many people got up at 6: 30 a. m. every workday and left home at 7: 00 a. m. It usually _(take) them about an hour to get to the office from home. Morning time was always like a battle(战斗). People went to work in a hurry，_(feel) very tired.Sleep _(need) for good health. Doctors say that eight hours sleep is good for people，but few people _(sleep) that long.The use of the new work hours_ just _(begin). Although we Chinese have long kept “early hours”，its important _(follow) the office hours in the world. Most foreign countries have “nine to five” work hours. If we _(not change)，there will be problems. When Chinese start working at 8 a. m. ，foreigners _(not begin) bussiness yet. But when they are busy _(work) at noon，Chinese are still on break. So some people think that it is the right time _(change).参考答案. 1. were watching 2. will，come 3. is known 4. lying 5. will be cleaned 6. not to worry 7. to take 8. ha