八年级下册重点语法和短语.doc

八年级下册重点语法和短语Unit 1 Will people have robots?重点语法(Grammar Focus)：1. The Simple Future tense一般将来时的三种基本结构： will +V. be going to +V. be + Ving一般将来时态的肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式：肯定句例句：People will have robots in a few years.否定句例句：People (will not/wont) have robots in a few years.一般疑问句例句：Will people have robots in a few years?特殊疑问句例句：What will people have in a few years? 一般将来时的时间状语：in + 时间，in the future，next + 时间，与tomorrow 相关的时间，this + 时间，from now on，right now，some day2.形容词、副词的比较级用法重点短语：1. wont = will not (would) 2. 爱上（某人/某物） fall in love with(sb./sth.) 3. 能够做某事 be able to do sth.(区别于can)4. (梦想等)实现，成为现实 come true 5. 在未来 in the future（区别in future） 6. 数以百计的hundreds of; thousands of 数以千计7. look for(sb./sth.) 寻找（某人/某物）8. 免费的 be free 9. study at home on computers 在家用电脑学习10. live to be 200 years old 活到200岁 11. in 100 years 100年以后(in+时间段，用将来时) after 100 years(用于过去时)100 years from now 一段时间 + from now （从现在起）之后12. 做预测 make predictions 13 有更少的空闲时间 h ave less free time 14. flyto乘坐飞往fly a rocket to the moon15. 放风筝fly a kite16. 预测未来predict the future 17. (U.) 更少的空气污染less air pollution 18. (制服/套装)wear a uniform/ suit 19. 一场工作面试a job interview 20.更加拥挤 more crowded 21. 住在一幢公寓楼里live in an apartment 22.在太空站on a space station 23. 问题的答案the answer to the question 24.单独居住live alone（区别于lonely） 25. 养一只宠物鹦鹉keep a pet parrot 26.去溜冰 go skating 27. 作为一名记者 as a reporter28. 穿得更随意些dress more casually 29. see sb. do sth. 看见sb做了或经常做sth 30. (过去或将来)某一天one day 31. 赢得一个奖项 win awards/an award32. 为自己工作 work for myself33. maymight34. one of the biggest movie companies 35. 被某人使用(被动语态) be used by sb: 36. 在太空in space: 37. 去上大学/在大学go to college in college 38. 今后 from now on = in the future 39. 在一周的工作日内during the week=on weekdays 40. 看起来精神、利落的look smart 42. 造更多的高大建筑build（built）more tall buildingsReading: 1. 科幻影片science fiction movies 2.my own robots =robots of my own 2. 做最令人讨厌的工作do the most unpleasant jobs:different shapes3. 去香港度假go to Hong Kong on/for vacationin factories4. 赢得世界杯win the World Cup help with the housework (help (sb.) with sth.5. 醒来；唤醒wake up (woke)和交谈talk to/with 6. 试图、做某事try to do sth.变得厌倦get bored 7. 一次又一次，再三地over and over (again)迫使某人做某事make sb do8. would not like to do 电动牙刷：electric toothbrush(es)9. look like snakes 看上去长的像蛇do for fun 做某事取乐、重点解析：1. Will people use money in 100 years? 一百年后人们还会使用钱币吗？1) “in+一段时间”常用在将来时态中，对其进行提问时用特殊疑问词how soon.after+时间段常用于过去时态中。但after+时间点可用于过去或将来时。He went to Hong Kong for holiday, and came back after two days.He will be back after 8 oclock.He came back after 8 last night.2. There will be less free time空闲时间会更少。There wont be more pollution.Will there be fewer trees? No, there wont. (注意there be 句型和will的使用)little-less+不可数名词 few-fewer+可数名词 much/many-more+可数、不可数3. What do you think Sally will be in five years? （do you think 插入语，句子变陈述语序）此句中的do you think是插入语，其后接的宾语从句必须用陈述句语序。eg Which book do you think she will like? 你认为她会喜欢哪本书?Who do you think did it? 你认为是谁干的那件事?What do you think the weather will be like tomorrow? 你认为明天的天气怎样?4. During the week Ill look smart，and probably will wear a suit wear表示“穿”，表示状态，用一般现在时表示经常状态. She is wearing a new coat put on是“穿上”，“戴上”的意思，强调动作 :She put on a red coat and went out. 她穿上红色大衣出去了。 注意：put on是一时的动作，不能跟表示一段时间的状语连用。dress后+sb不加衣服, 表示给某人穿衣服，也可以做不及物动词，表示穿着，dress more causally他整天戴着草帽。 误：He puts on a hat all day. 正：He wears a hat all day.1. What will teenagers do for fun 20 years from now?2. What will the weather be like tomorrow? Whats the weather like? 3. We never know what will happen in the future! (绝不，从不)4. I need to look smart for my job interview.5. I went to Shanghai last year and fell in love with it.6. I cant have any pets because my mother hates them.7. Ill probably go skating and swimming every day. 我会每天都去滑冰和游泳。8. There are many famous predictions that never came true.(定语从句)9. That may not seem possible now.( seem 似乎好像 系动词+adj)it seems that+从句sb seems to be/doThis question seems simple.The question seems to be simple/It seems that the question is simple.Unit 2 What should I do? 重点语法：* 情态动词(Modal Verbs )也可称为“情态助动词 (Modal Auxiliaries)”，因为它和基本助动词(be, do, have)都属于助动词类。* 情态动词和其他动词连用，可表示说话人的语气。* 情态动词可表达建议、要求、可能和意愿等。 * 情态动词没有人称和数的变化。1单词与短语1. argue with sb. 和争吵 argue about sth. 为争吵2. out of style过时的，不时髦的 in style 流行的，时髦的3. 给某人打电话call/ring sb up=) =give sb. a call =call/ring/phone sb.4. on the phone 在电话中，用电话 pay for付的款5. get a part-time job 得到一份兼职工作ask sb. for sth. 向要6. borrow from 从借( 进)lendto 把借（出去）给7. have a bake sale 面包或糕饼售买活动 Teen Talk 青少年论坛8. 与相同 asas the same asfind out 查明；核实 区别于（find）9. do sth. wrong 做错某事invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事10. be angry with sb 生的气fail(in) the test考试不及格11. surprise sb=make sb surprised 使sb吃惊.给建议,提建议 give some advice12. join a clubsay sorry/goodbye/hello to sh:13. plan a birthday party for sb(plan用法)leave sth at home: 把忘家里（区别forget）14. everyone else in my class:（区别于other） other people=others15. have enough money足够的忙 busy enough(enough用法)16. write sb a letter/write( a letter) to sb get a tutor.请家教17. be upset感到沮丧的.除了我 except me 18. 做什么 what to do .一个孤独的小孩 a lonely kid 19. 祝你好运. Good luck to you.运动服 sports clothes 20. 上体育课 have a PE class 谈论 talk about sth 21. 相同的年纪 the same age get on well/badly with 和相处得好（差22. 归还书本 return books return sth=give sth back return to sp=get back to 回到某地23. 与某人打架have a fight with sb.=fight with sb.寻求帮助 ask sb for help 24. give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb.(类似动词有bring, lend, pass, sell, send, show, take, write, read)25. buy gifts for my family (buy sb. sth. = buy sth for sb (类似的动词还有：build, book, cook, get, keep, make, order, find等)26. a ticket to a ball game（还可以用for）一张球赛的门票(与ticket类似的名词有：answer, key, visit, trip, journey, entrance, exit等)27. tell sb (not) to do sth.告诉某人（不要）做某事 28. want sb. to do sth.= would like sb. to do sth.想某人做某事Reading: Maybe you should learn to relax1. 英国的父母亲 British parents .抱怨,埋怨 complain about sth/doing sth 2. 尽可能as as possible尽可能多地 as much as you can as much as possible 3. 一意孤行的父母亲 pushy parents 适应，融入fit in/into 4. 放松自己 relax oneself制定计划 make a plan1. 直到才notuntil 拿和比较comparewith2. 各种各样的all kinds of有组织的活动organized activities3. .在一方面on the one hand在另一方面on the other hand4. 某人自己，独自by oneself = on ones own课后活动after-school activities5. 处于太大的压力下under too much pressure: 学校生活 school days/life6. 该是做某事的时候了 its time to do sth/for sth7. 发现做某事find it形式宾语）+adj to do sth（8. Pushy parents are nothing new, but now parents seem to push their children a lot more.9. Kids need time and freedom to relax.10. The kids didnt leave until the rain stopped.11. Could you give me some advice?12. I dont want to argue. Lets forget it. 13. I cant think what I did wrong. 我真想不出我做错了什么。think后的宾语从句用陈述语序。14. Im very upset and I dont know what to do/how to do it/what I should/could do. (what to do是不定式作know的宾语，可用宾语从句来代替)15. Everyone else in my class was invited except me. else一词不能单独使用它必须跟在不定代词像“someone, anyone nobody”等词后面，或跟在特殊疑问词像“what, where”等词的后面16. She is the same age as me/I / I am. 17. She has the same haircut as I do/ I/ me. 18. I dont want to surprise him. 我不想让他感到意外19. There are a lot of things you could do. you could do是定语从句，修饰前面的名词“things”20. How is it going with you/your study？21. How are you getting on/along with your friend/your novel? 某人某事进展得怎么样？Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?重点语法：过去进行时：1. 站在图书馆前面 stand in front of the library在前部 in the front of 2. 在一家理发店 in a barber shop到外，离开get out of sp3. 沿走 walk down/along报警 call the police(集体名词) 4. 飞机)起飞；脱（衣帽）take off(-land/put on一次不寻常的经历an unusual experience 5. 航空博物馆 the Museum of Flight 照相 take photos6. 警官a police officer 跑开，逃跑run(ran) away7. 四处走走walk around 考虑，思考，回想think about sth/doing sth8. 北京国际机场Beijing International Airport 在医务室，在诊所 at the doctors(名词所有格) 9. 住院 in hospital 在历史上in history10. 城，市the city of 听说，得知hear about/of 11. 收到某人来信：hear from sb 沉默不语 in silence12. 发生(按计划发生 )take place区别happen 世贸中心（美国）the World Trade Center 13. 在太空in space 民族英雄a national hero 14. 全世界all over the world = around the world 超过/未满40：be over/under 40/ 15. 坐在凳子上：in/on a chair 剪头发cut(cut,cut,cutting) (ones)hair16. 一场车祸a car accident 从浴室出来 get out of the shower17. 在中央大街on Center Street 睡懒觉 sleep late18. 在厨房in the kitchen 一家纪念品店a souvenir shop19. 售货员a shop assistant 在树上 in/on a tree 区分20. 从跳下来jump down from sp 爬上climb (up) a tree/a wall21. 对某人大喊大叫 shout at/to sb 大声喊某人名字 shout ones name22. 纽约市 New York City 在火车站 at/in the train station23. 向外看look outside/out of sp 人类man/humans/human beings 24. 最重要事件之一one of the most important events在操场上 in/on the playground25. 日常活动everyday activities在现代美国史上in modern American history26. 第一次做某事 do sth for the first time被摧毁 be destroyed by27. 环绕地球飞行fly(flew) around the earth发现某人正做某事find sb doing sth28. 骑自行车ride（rode)ones/a/the bike: 昨天晚上 yesterday evening/last night29. 旅行，进行旅行go on a trip 大概持续2小时：last about 2 hours30. 在那个时候at that time 飞走：fly away 31. 丰富的经验 much experience 一个另一个one and the other32. 一些另一些someand others 在那一天 on that day33. 碰巧做某事：sb happen to do sth: I happened to meet one of my friends in the street yesterday.34. 某事发生到某人身上sth happen to sb: A car accident happened to the girl last week.35. 某人发生什么事了？what happened to sb？ 36. 发生什么事了?Whats going on? =Whats happening?37. 那难道不令人惊讶吗？Isnt that amazing? =Thats amazing! 38. 你在开玩笑吧！You are kidding/joking/telling a joke! 你39. 你可以想象这有多奇怪。You can imagine how strange it was.40. 我跟着它看它去哪里。I followed it to see where it was going。41. 今天早上我太累了很难爬起来。I was so tired that it was difficult for me to get out of bed this morning.42. While I was walking down the street, a UFO landed right in front of me.（while 加延续性动词）43. I was walking down the street when a UFO landed right in front of me. When a UFO landed right in front of me, I was waling down the street. (when后通常加短暂性动词，这不能用while)44. The boys were singing while the girls were dancing last night. (两个延续性动作同时进行)45. My father likes reading newspapers while my mother likes watching TV.(while表对比，然而)46. 我去纽约的航班从北京国际机场起飞。My fight to New York took off from Beijing International Airport.47. What were you doing when your teacher came into the classroom?48. Many Americans also say they remember what they were doing when man first walked on the moon.Unit 4 He said I was hard-working1. soap opera 泡沫剧，电视（连续）剧2. on Friday night 在星期五晚上3. be mad at 生的气4. have a surprise party 举行一个惊喜晚会5. not anymore 不再，再也不not any moreno morenot any longerno longer6. Young Lives 年轻的生命7. direct speech 直接引语reported speech 间接引语8. first of all首先9. do a homework project 设计作业计划10. pass on 传递11. work on 从事，设计，演算，操作12. be supposed to do sth.被期望（要求）做，应该做13. be good at 擅长14. do well in 在方面表现得好15. report card 成绩单16. have a (bad) cold 患（重）感冒17. in good health 身体健康18. end-of-year exams = final exams期末考试19. have a big fight 大吵了一架20. in/at school 在学校，上学21. forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事forget doing sth. 忘记做了某事22. get over克服，恢复，原谅23. a poor mountain village 一个贫穷的山村24. sound like 听起来像25. the Peking University 北京大学26. the Ministry of Education 教育部27. the Chinese Young Pioneers少年先锋队 28. Chinas rural areas 中国的偏远地区29. sea level 海平面30. the thin air 稀薄的空气31. agree with sb./sth. 同意, 与相符（一致）agree on/about sth. 同意，赞成32. bothand和都33. most of大多数，大部分34. open up 打开，展开，开发，揭露35. a good start 一个良好的开端36. care for照料，照顾，计较，关心37. in danger 处于危险之中Unit 5 If you go to the party，youll have a great time!1. have a great/good/nice/wonderful time 玩得高兴=have fun = enjoy oneself2. at the party在晚会上3. end-of-year party 年终晚会4. take away拿走，取走5. all the time=always一直，始终，总是6. ID card 身份证7. the old peoples home 老年之家8. make money 赚钱9. round the world = all over the world 全世界，世界各地10. go to college上大学11. work hard 努力工作（学习）12. a professional athlete 职业运动员13. a dream job 理想的职业14. make a living谋生15. play sports 进行体育运动= get/do exercise16. get injured 受伤17. in fact事实上，实际上18. mobile phone 移动电话19. too much 太多20. laugh at嘲笑，因而发笑Review of Units 1-51. watch out = be careful = look out = take care 小心，当心，注意2. turn down (音量)放小，（光线）调暗turn up (音量)放大，（光线）调亮turn on 打开（开关、按钮）turn off 关（开关、按钮）3. would like to do sth. 想要做某事= feel