小学英语时态(上).doc

基本概念：英语的时态是一种动词形式，不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方面。（可以在时间轴上表示） 一般现在时一、概念表示包括“现在”在内的一段时间内经常发生的动作或存在的状态。如：The earth moves round the sun. 地球围绕着太阳旋转。I know Lao Wang well, we are at the same school. 我和老王很熟，我们是同学。二、基本用法1、表示现在存在的习惯，经常发生的动作或存在的状态。常与every day, twice a week, often, usually, always, seldom（很少）, sometimes等时间状语连用。如：She is our English teacher. 她是我们的英语老师。 The children go to school at seven every morning. 孩子们每天早晨七点上学。 He takes a walk after supper every day. 他每天晚饭后散步。2、表示主语的特征、性格、能力等。如： He works hard. 他工作很努力。 Does she like sports? 她爱好运动吗？ The children draw well. 这些孩子很会绘画。3、表示客观事实或普遍真理。如： The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。 Two plus two makes four. 二加二等于四。 Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。三、构成1、be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。2、行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：We study English.我们学习英语。3、当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词后加-s或-es。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。四、变化1、be动词的变化。（1）否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。（2）一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not.（3）特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike?2、行为动词的变化。（1）否定句：主语+ dont( doesnt ) +动词原形(+其它)。如：I dont like bread.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesnt构成否定句。如：He doesnt often play.（2）一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如：- Do you often play football?- Yes, I do. / No, I dont.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：- Does she go to work by bike?- Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt.（3）特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：How does your father go to work?五、动词的变化规则一般现在时第三人人称单数时，谓语动词后加-s或-es，与名词复数变化大体相同。1.在动词后加。 如：work works2.以s, x, sh, ch 结尾，后加-es。 如：teach - teaches3.以辅音字母加y结尾，改y为i，加es。 如：study - studies4.不规则变化。 如have has现在进行时一、概念表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在进行的动作。如：The young men are playing tennis. 这些年青人正在的网球。Is it snowing ? 下雪了吗？二、基本用法1、它表示此时此刻（说话人说话时）正在进行的动作，它并不表明这一动作从什么时候开始，到什么时候结束，汉语常用“（正）在”或“着”来表示这种时间关系。如：What are you doing? -Im doing some washing. 你在干什么？我在洗衣服。Are they listening to music? 他们在听音乐吗？-No, they are listening to the radio. 不，他们在听收音机。She is drawing a map. 她在画一张地图。2、它还可表示现阶段正在进行着的动作，虽然此时此刻这个动作可能并不在进行。如： He is working on a paper. 他在写一篇论文。 They are compiling a dictionary. 他们在编一本词典。3、它有时可表示将来发生的动作，有“意图”或“打算”的含义（用于go, come, stay, leave, start等表示移动的动词）。如：He is coming to see you tomorrow. 他明天要来看你。They are going to the Ming Tombs this coming Sunday. 这个星期天他们要到十三陵去。三、构成由助动词am, are, is加现在分词构成。四、变化1、现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.如：The boy _ ( draw)a picture now.2、现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。 They are doing housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)3、现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。4、现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为： 如：What _ you _ ( do ) now?疑问词 + be + 主语 + 动词ing? 但疑问词当主语时其结构为： 疑问词 + be + 动词ing? Who is working now?五、动词加ing的变化规则1一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking2以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting3如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping当堂练习一般现在时一、用单词的正确形式填空：1.Mike _ (do) his homework every day. 2.There _(be) some water in the glass.3.We like _ (play) basketball after class. 4.I like singing. I often _(listen) to the music in the evening. 5.My grandma_(watch) TV every day. 二、判断句子的正误, 并改正。1.Betty do morning exercises every day. 2.I plays on the beach.3.The trees falls their leaves.4.I like to wearing shirts and running. 5.Smiths is watering the flowers. 6.They usually have supper at seven oclock. 7.Theyre climbs a tree. 8.You mustnt play football here.9.The rabbit wants some vegetables. 10. I sometimes watching TV on Sunday.现在进行时一、 写出下列单词的现在分词：speak _ 2. run _ 3. swim _ 4. do _ask _ 6. begin _ 7. dance _ 8.eat _9. sing _ 10 fly _ 11. jog _12. come _13. talk _ 14. sleep _ 15. fight _ 16.jump _17. get _18. buy _ 19. cook _ 20.skate _二、用单词的适当形式填空：1. look! Chen Jie and Mike are _（sing）now. 2. The small bear is _ (climb) the tree. 3. Mike is _ (draw) picture. 4. She is _ (do) the dishes. 5. My brother is _ (make) kites. 6. My father is _ (read) a newspaper in living room. 7. Ted is _(answer) the phone. 8. My uncle is _ (drive) a car. 9. The students are _(listen) to their teacher carefully.10. Chen Jie is _(wash) clothes. 11. His sister is _ (write) an e-mail.12. We are _(clean) the classroom now. 13. Im _(work) on my computer. 14. They are _(play) basket