2013年高三二轮专题复习学案非谓语.doc

高三英语二轮复习专题一学案 -非谓语动词审定：高三英语时间：2013/1/20 【考纲解读】 主要考查非谓语动词的一些最基本的用法.但是,题目的设置注重情景化和结构复杂化,加大了考生对提干句的理解难度.【高考再现】【2012山东卷】35. After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope _. A. providing B. provided C. having provided D. provide 35.【答案】B【解析】此处动词provide与其逻辑主语envelope之间是被动关系，在句中作定语，相当于which is provided。句意为：完成并签名后，请把表格放入我们提供的信封内送回。【2012山东卷】26. George returned after the war, only _ that his wife had left him.A. to be told B. telling C. being told D. told 【答案】A【2011山东卷,27】Look over theretheres a very long, winding path up to the house.A. leading B. leads C. led D. to lead 【答案】A【解析】句意为“看那儿，有一条长长的蜿蜒小路向上延伸到那座房子。”leading作为path的后置定语，相当于which leads。选A。10山东I have a lot of readings _ before the end of this term. A. completing B. to complete C. completed D. being completed 答案B解析句意应为“这个学期结束前, 我要做很多阅读练习。” 由于时间状语before the end of this term表达未来的时间, 所以空格处使用动词不定式表示将来, 充当readings的定语。09山东We are invited to a party _in our club next Friday. A. to be held B. held C. being held D. holding 答案A解析我们被邀请参加下周五在我们俱乐部举行的一个聚会。party与hold是被动关系；再根据时间状语（next Friday）判断, 用不定式表示还没发生。答案A。08山东Lucys new job paid twice as much as she had made in the restaurant.A.working B.work C.to work D.worked 答案A解析working in the restaurant为现在分词短语在句中作状语。【试题分析】从时间关系上看，不定式表未来，现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成，同时注意不定式和现在分词的完成式也表完成(尤其是表示有明显的先后关系的完成)；从主动与被动来看，不定式和现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动，同时注意不定式和现在分词的被动式【复习目标】英语中非谓语动词包括：动名词，现在分词，过去分词和动词不定式。无论它们在句中作什么成分，他们都保持着自己本身的属性特点。动名词：具有名词功能，常在句中可以作：主语，宾语；作定语时表功能现在分词: 表主动和正在进行, 常在句中可以作: 定语， 状语，宾补过去分词：被动和已完成，常在句中可以作: 定语，状语，补语动词不定式：表将来具体某一次，常在句中可以作: 定语，状语，补语，宾语【知识主线】考查非谓语动词的主动式与被动式 结合句子意思，考察非谓语动词与相应逻辑主语的关系，若为主动关系，用主动式；若为被动关系，用被动式。此时要特别注意，过去分词没有相应的被动式，因为它本身可以表示被动。如：考查非谓语动词完成式的用法.如：表伴随情况的应用现在分词，用作目的状语只能是不定式用现在分词表结果。用不定式表结果考查非谓语动词用作宾语补足语原则上，所有的非谓语动词形式均可用作宾语补足语，其区别是：不定式表未来，现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成和被动考查非谓语动词的逻辑主语问题按照英语习惯，非谓语动词的逻辑主语应与句子一致，否则就应调整句子结构原则上说，动词用作主语，只能是不定式或动名词，不能是分词形式。这类考题命题还往往用动词原形作为干扰项进行考查，同学们做题需引起注意。如：考查“(be +) 过去分词+介词”结构有一类“be+过去分词+介词”结构，如be interested in, be worried about, be lost in, be dressed in 等，也往往是命题的热点。如：非谓语动词的综合考查【易混易错】非谓语动词可能出现的考查点及易错点：一)使用非谓动词的语言结构。1） 在“句子, and/or/but +句子” 的并列句结构中，可能会考查“以动词原形开头”的祈使句，四个答案表面上象非谓语，其实考查的是谓语。2._hard and you will succeed in the exam.3._hard or you will fail in the exam.A. Study B. To study C. Studying D. Studied 【2、3答案：AA】2） 在“句子，非句子”结构中，非句子部分用非谓语：4. The teacher devoted his life to his career, _ most of his students successful in study.A. make B. to make C. making D. made 【4答案：C】3） 在“非句子，句子”结构中，非句子部分用非谓语：5. _with children, I know what is needed most.A. Working B. Having worked C. Worked D. To work 【5答案：B】4) 在“with + 宾语+ 宾语补足语”结构中，宾语补足语可能用非谓语动词：6. With her baby _ on her back, the woman was cleaning the rich mans house.A. sleep B. slept C. to sleep D. sleeping 【6答案：D】7. With his hair _ like a role in the film, the boy felt very cool.A. cut B. to be cut C. cutting D. to cut 【7答案：B】5） 在drive/leave/keep/make/have/let/get/find/hear等使让动词或感观动词后面作宾语补足语时，也可能用非谓语动词。8. He made his sister _ by taking away her toy.9. His sister was made _ by his taking away her toy.A. cry B. to cry C. crying D. cried 【8、9答案： A B】10. the policeman found the thief _ his hand into an old mans pocket and arrested him.A. put B. putting C. to put D. being put 【10答案：B】二). 非谓语动词考点易错点：1） 表面上考分词，实际上考形容词的情况：11._ , he fell asleep quickly.A. Tire B. Tiring C. Tired D. To tire 【11答案：C】12.The man won a big prize, _and _.A. surprised ; happy B. surprising ; happy C. surprised ; pleasant D. surprising ; pleased 【12答案：A】13. _ in thought of the problems, the man didnt realize his girlfriends coming in.A. Losing B. Lost C. To lose D. Having lost 【13答案：B】14. The students _ in art can sign in the form and be a member of our school.A. interest B. interesting C. interested D. To interest 【14答案：C】2) 在“被动形式表主动”情况中出题：15. _ a white skirt, the girl looks like a angel.A. Worn B. wear C. dressed in D. dressing 【15答案：C】(wear的后面加衣服；dress表示动作时，后面要加人而不加衣；be dressed in是固定搭配，其中的dressed已经演变成形容词，本是其实可以看成是when the girl is dressed in a white skirt省略而来的。)16. _ in a armchair, he is always surfing online, eating fish and chips.A. Sit B. Sat C. Seating D. Seated 【16答案：D】 （Sit是动词，这里应该用sitting; seat作动词时，其后不加凳子，要加人，而且这个词一般用被动形式表示主动意义。）3） 在“主动形式表被动”的情况中出题：17._ tired and weak, the woman should have a day off to see a doctor.A. Look B. Looking C. Looked D. Looking 【17答案：D】 （look在本题中不是实意动词，而是感观系动词，系动词在非谓语中用主动式表被动。）18. With many problems _ _ , the newly selected president will have a hard time. A. remain; unsettled B. remaining; unsettled C. remained ; unsettling D. remained; unsettling 【18答案：B】（用with开头的部分在这里是一个介词短语，不是句子，因此用非谓语，而remain表示“仍然；仍然是”时是系动词，只能用主动形式；problems与unsettle是动宾关系或被动关系，所以用过去分词unsettled.）19. Having some clothes _, I cannot join you to see the film.A. to wash B. to be washed C. washed D . washing 【19答案： A】（宾语补足语中的动词用非谓语动词；虽然衣服应该是被洗，但是当句子主语与不定式为主谓关系时，我们用主动形式表被动。） 20. _ smooth, this kind of pen sells well in our school.A. To write B. Writing C. being written D. Written 【20答案 ：B】 20解析：动词如果不是表示动作，而是表示物体具有某种性质或特征时，往往用主动形式表示被动。4）从“主语一致或主语不一致”角度出题：逗号分开的前后两部分有时逻辑主语一致，有时逻辑主语不一致。逻辑主语不一致时，非谓语动词一般要自带逻辑主语，这种现象叫做“分词的独立主格结构。”21. _ from this angle, the mountain looks like a face of a man.A. To see B. Seeing C. Seen D. Saw 【21答案：C】21解析：空格处的动词本身没有带主语，那么本句的主语the mountain就要做其逻辑主语，由于the mountain与see是动宾关系，所以我们选用过去分词。22. _, Ill go there with you tomorrow afternoon. 【22答案：C】 A. Time permits B. If time permitting C. Time permitting D. Times permitting22 解析：permit与I没有主谓关系，也没有动宾关系，permit自带了逻辑主语time(“时间允许的话”)，而time与permit为逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用现在分词的独立结构。动名词作表语同进行时的区别动名词作表语时是说明主语的职责和功能等，和主语是对等关系，没有正在进行之意， 而现在分词有正在进行之意如：My job is looking after the children. (looking 为动名词) He is looking after the baby. (looking 为现在分词) 考点1. 现在分词同动名词作定语的区别动名词表功能：a walking stick, drinking water, a sleeping bag, a living room现在分词表正在进行：a walking man, a sleeping baby, a living plant现在分词，过去分词，动词不定式都可作定语，作定语时，看与所修饰词之间的关系如果构成主动关系，（表正在进行），用现在分词如果构成被动关系，（已完成），用过去分词表将来具体某一次，用动词不定式： 【重锤猛敲】非谓语题的解题总方法与思路：1.先看四个答案：如果四个答案分别为动词原形、不定式、现在分词、过去分词等情况，那么这个题多半是非谓语动词题。2.看符号：中间有个逗号，末尾有个句号（有时中间没有逗号）；3.看有没有连接词（引导词）。如果用逗号隔开的两个部分都没有连接词的话，一部分是句子时，那么另一部分就一定是非句子，而非句子里的动词就是非谓语动词。4.定语态：如果本句的主语（或动词自带的逻辑主语）与它是逻辑上的主谓关系，那么答案一般用Ving形式；如果本句的主语（或动词自带的逻辑主语）与它是逻辑上的动宾关系（被动关系），那么答案一般用Ved形式。5.定时态：如果非谓语的动作比谓语先（或先很久）发生，那么非谓语动词要用完成式（to have done/to have been done/ having done/ Having been done），否则我们要用非谓语的一般式（to do / to be done / doing / being done / done）。Eg. 1._ for an hour by his teacher, the boy felt depressed.A. Being scolded B. Having been scolded C. To be scolded D. Scolding 【1答案：B】【方法规律】1、判定是否用非谓语形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了。2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。3、判断主被动关系。方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。 4、判断时间关系。方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。之前常用done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing。【针对训练】【2012江西卷】33Having finished her project, she was invited by the school to the new students.Aspeaking Bhaving spoken Cto speak Dto have spoken【2012江西卷】35John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter him it. Aoffered Boffering Cto offer Dto be offered【2012湖南卷】31. The lecture, _ at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes. A. starting B. being started C. to start D. to be started【2012湖南】23. Time, _ correctly, is money in the bank.A. to use B. used C. using D. use【2012湖南】21. Weve had a good start, but next, more work needs _ to achieve the final success. A. being done B. do C. to be done D. to do【2012重庆卷】31. Before you quit your job, _how your family would feel about your decision.A. consider B. considering C. to consider D. considered【2012重庆卷】28. Were having a meeting in half an hour. The decision _ at the meeting will in the future of our company.A. to be made B. being made C. made D. having been made【2012重庆卷】23._to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film. A. Having been asked B. To ask C. Having asked D. To be asked【2012辽宁卷】29. This machine is very easy . Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. A. operating B. to be operating C. operated D. to operate【2012辽宁卷】25. The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog them. A. to follow B. following C. followed D. follows【2012四川卷】6. Tom took a taxi to the airport, only _ his plane high up in the sky.A. finding B. to find C. being found D. to have found【2012四川卷】8. I looked up and noticed a snake _ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.A. to wind B. win