非谓语动词学案.doc

非谓语动词非谓语：无人称，数的变化，不单独作谓语，但保留动词特点，可以有宾语或状语。非谓语动词有哪些不同的形式？非谓语动词主动形式被动形式一般式进行式完成式一般式完成式动词不定式v- ing 过去分词非谓语动词在句中通常作什么成分？ 非谓语动词主语宾语宾补主补定语状语表语不定式v-ing过去分词一、做主语：1. _做主语往往表示泛指的、一般的行为; _做主语常表示某次具体的行为或将来的动作。Climbing mountains is great fun. 爬山很有趣。To visit China is my next goal. _(smoke) is prohibited(禁止)here. It is not very good for you to _(smoke) so much.Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview. _the answers ready will be of great help. A. To have B. Having had C. Have D. Having 2. 不定式和动名词做主语，可用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语和动名词短语后置。It took me only five minutes to finish the job.Its nice seeing you again. 下列句型中常用_作主语:Its use/ good / fun Its useful/ nice/ useless It is a waste of time.There is no _(joke/say/tell)1. _ a language requires time and effort. A. Learn B. Learning C. To learn D. Being learned2. It is not always easy _ invitations. A. to refuse B. refusing C. to be refused D. being refused3. How _ the problem will be discussed at tomorrows meeting. A. to solve B. to be solved C. being solved D. solving4. It _ forty-five minutes _ there by bus. A. cost, to get B. takes, getting C. takes, to get D. takes, to get to5. It is no good _. You should give_. A. to smoke, it up B. smoking, it up C. smoking, up it D. to smoke, up it6. There is no _( say )what will happen next.二、做宾语：He agreed to get someone to help us.They promised not to break the school rules again. He admitted breaking the window.Do you mind my closing the window?I remember locking the door. Please remember to lock the door.Lets begin to read. Lets begin reading.1. 下列动词后常跟_做宾语：want, wish, hope, expect, ask, afford, agree, choose, pretend, decide, happen, learn, offer, refuse, fail, plan, prepare, order, manage, promise, intend 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。2. 在下列动词或动词短语后常用_做宾语： admit, advise, allow, appreciate, avoid, bear, cannot help, consider, delay, enjoy, finish, give up, imagine. include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, put off, permit, practice, resist, risk, suggest, stand, insist on, be busy, be worth, feel like, cant stand, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent(from), keepfrom, stop(from), protectfrom, be engaged in, spend(in), succeed in, have difficulty/trouble (in), have a hard time , There is no point/sense, admit to, be/ get/ become used to, be equal to, devoteto, get down to, look forward to, object to, stick to, take to, see to, lead to, pay attention to等。 考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。 禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡3. 有些动词既能以不定式作宾语，又能以动名词作宾语。两者意思_如：begin, start, like, hate, continue, prefer等。4. 有些动词既能以不定式作宾语，又能以动名词作宾语。两者意思_此类动词主要有：forget, remember, stop, regret, try, mean, cant help等。remember (forget) _ sth. 记住（忘记）要做某事remember (forget) _sth. 记得（忘记）过去曾经做过某事regret_ sth. 对现在要发生的事表示“抱歉、遗憾”regret _ sth. 对已经发生的事表示后悔stop _sth. 停下来去做某事 stop _sth. 停止做某事 try _ sth. 设法，想法， 试图 try _ sth. 试一试， 试试看mean _ sth. 打算，想要，有的意图 mean _sth. 意味着，意思是，cant help _ sth. 不能帮忙做某事 cant help _sth. 禁不住做某事She sat there without _(speak)I look forward to _(see) him again.Are you used to _(live) there alone?When my father heard the news, he couldnt help _(laugh).I dont feel like _(go) to see the film.He was busy _(prepare) his lessons.Little Jim should love _( take) to the zoo this week.Can you imagine the difficulty we had _(find) the lost pet? The room wants _(clean). The method needs _(improve). This pair of shoes require _(mend). The problem needs _(work out). The question is well worth _(discuss)1. He gave us some advice on how _ English. A. learning B. learned C. to learn D. learn2. It s a pay day, and they are waiting _. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to be paid3. I dont know whether you happen , but Im going to study in the U.S.A this September . Ato be heard B. to be hearing Cto hear D. to have heard 4. I forgot _ my name when I finished _ the composition. A. to sign, to writing B. to sign, writing C. signing, writing5. -You were brave enough to raised objections at the meeting. -Well, now I regret _ that. A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done6. She cant help _ the house because shes busy _ a cake. A. to clean, making B. cleaning, making C. cleaned, to make D. being cleaned, made7. I cant stand _ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _ talking while she works. A. working; stopping B. to work; stopping C. working; to stop D. to work; to stop 8. He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldnt risk _ the good opportunity. A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost9. I like _ very much, but I dont like _ this afternoon.A. swimming, swimmingB. to swim, to swim C. swimming, to swimD. to swim, swimming 10.You are supposed to abandon _(play) computer games all the time. 11.The day we looked forward to _ .(陷阱题) A.come B.coming C.has come D.have come三、做表语 My hobby is collecting/ to collect ancient coins.My wish is to find a part-time job this summer.1. 表示一定的概念，具有名词的性质时，不定式和动名词可以互换。2. 若表示具体的、个别的动作或有将来含义时，一般用_。3. 现在分词和过去分词作表语具有形容词特征,也可以作为形容词。但要注意二者的区别 The party was very exciting. They were very excited at the newsamazing, amusing, astonishing, boring, confusing, delighting, disappointing, discouraging, encouraging, exciting, terrifying, frightening, scaring, exhausting, puzzling, tiring, thrilling, satisfying, inspiring, alarming amazed, amused, astonished, bored, confused, delighted, disappointed, discouraged, excited, terrified, frightened, scared, exhausted, puzzled, tired, thrilled, satisfied, inspired, alarmed1. Her wish is _ an engineer. A. becoming B. become C. to become D. being come2. Some peoples greatest pleasure is _. A. fishingB. to fish C. to be fishing D. being fish3. The report was so _ that they were all _. A. inspiring, exciting B. inspiring, excited C. inspired, excited D. inspired, exciting4. -“You look pale.” -“I feel a little _.” A. tireB. tiredC. tiringD. tiresome 5. The poor young tiger looked so _(scare) when it felt something _(terrify) would happen. and it let out a _(frighten) cry, standing next to its mother with a _(scare)look.四、做定语 The train to arrive is from LondonHe is always the first to come and the last to leave.a washing machine = a machine which is used for washinga reading room= a room which is used for readingthe rising sun= the sun which is risingthe changing world= the world which is changinga moving movie excited voice fallen leaves a broken cup 1. _做定语放在所修饰的名词后，表示未发生的动作或通常发生的某一动作。2. _做定语往往说明所修饰词的某种用途，一般放在被修饰词的前面。3. _作定语表示主动、正在进行的动作。_作定语则表示被动、或完成的意义。单个分词或形容词性的分词作定语往往放在被修饰词的_；分词短语作定语多置于被修饰词_。. The young man who sits between John and Mary is the editor of the campus newspaper.Those who wish to join the club should sign hereThe man, who had been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memoryThe bridge which will be built next month is the third bridge across the riverThe bridge which is being built now is the third bridge across the riverThe bridge which was built last year is the third bridge across the river用所给动词的正确形式填空：1)The man_ (question) in the police station now is a spy2)A man_ (respect) others will be respected3)She can find no one _(make) friends with4)Is there anybody _ (answer) the question ?5)Half of the guests _(invite) to the conference were foreigners.6)She would be the best _(agree) the opinion 7)The matter _(discuss) now is very important8)That is the way _(operate) the machine9)She was then a professor _(love) by all her students10)With much money _(spend)，the boy formed a bad habit1. She said she had an important meeting _. A. to attend in B. to attend C. attend D. attending2. He is always the first _ questions. A. to answer B. answering C. to be answered D. being answered3. The Olympic Games _ in the year 2012 will be a great success. A. being held B. to be held C. held D. to hold4. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written5. At present, English is the main subject _ here. A. to be taught B. being taught C. teaching D. to be teaching 6. -Who are those people with the banner? -A group _ itself the League for peace. A. calling B. calls C. called D. is called 7. The pen _ belongs to me. A. which it is on the table B. lying on the table C. is on the table D. which on the table 五、做补足语 The doctor advised him to stay in bed for another few days.We wish him to remain and accept the post.We noticed him enter the house.The boss made them work twelve hours a day.He felt the floor moving.He noticed the house broken in.1. 在“动词+宾语+不定式”结构中，不定式作宾语补足语，“宾语+不定式”构成了复合宾语。 有些动词要求不定式不带to，有些要求必须带to，还有的带与不带都可以。以下动词后常跟带符号to的不定式做宾语补足语： ask, tell, get, want, wish, order, persuade, advise, allow, warn, encourage, cause, require等。有些感官动词和使役动词，如see, watch, hear, feel, notice, observe, look at, listen to, let, have, make, keep, get等后常跟不带符号to的不定式做宾语补足语，常表示动作的整个过程。The doctor advised Lao Li _ more rest. A. that he got B. to get C. would get D. getSoon they saw the boy _ in the crowd. A. disappear B. to disappear C. disappears D. disappearedBirds are seldom heard _ at night. A. sing B. singing C. to sing D. to be singing You cant get your friend _(do) such a stupid thing for you.2. 现在分词做补足语分两种情况： I find the book very interesting. The naughty boy is found very annoying. _性质的现在分词作补足语： I see him passing by a bank. He was seen working in the garden._性质的现在分词作补足语：感官动词和使役动词，如see, watch, hear, feel, notice, observe, look at, listen to, let, have, make, keep, get等后可以跟表示动作性质的现在分词作补足语，表示“正在或持续做某事”。 He kept me _ for many hours. A. to wait B. having been waited C. waiting D. waited How can you _ him waiting in the rain for such a long time? ( make, have, keep, get, leave)Mother caught the boy _ in the corner. A. smoke B. to smoke C. smoking D. being smoked Having read the Emperors New Clothes, we all found it _. A. interest B. interested C. interesting D. to interest 3. 过去分词(done)做宾语补足语，说明宾语的性质或状态，与宾语一起构成复合宾语，其前的宾语是它的逻辑主语。The boss found his plan carried out successfully. The boy was found lost in the forest. (主补) Have you heard this song sung in Japanese? (宾补) This song is often heard sung everywhere in China. (主补) When she got home, she found her necklace gone. 句子由主动变被动时，宾语补足语相应的变为主语补足语。 1. I need this chapter _ before tomorrow. A. rewriting B. rewritten C. rewrite D. to write again2. When she returned home, she found the window open and something _. A. to steal B. losing C. missed D. stolen 3. There was so much noise that the speaker could not make himself _. A. being heard B. heard C. hearing D. hear 六、做状语 1. 不定式做状语，主要表示目的、结果、原因以及评论性状语。She was surprised to see Jim walk in.To succeed, one must first of all believe in himself. In order to keep warm, we shut all the windows.The child is old enough to dress himself. We hurried to the station only to be told that the train had left. The husband left his wife, never to return.I have never seen such a person, to tell you the truth. To cut a long story short, we disagree. 长话短说，我们不同意。 不定式往往放在系表结构后面，表示产生某种情绪或状态的原因。 不定式可以单独作目的状语，有时为了强调目的性,在不定式前可以加上in order, so as to 不定式表结果，常用在too to, enough to结构中。有时不定式前加上only，表示出人意料的结果。 有些不定式是用来表示说话者的观点或态度的，放在句子之外，修饰整个句子，我们称之为评论性状语。I have enjoyed my visit here. Ill be very sorry _. A. for leaving B. of leaving C. to leave D. left I went to see him _ him out. A. finding B. find C. only to find D. only found 2. 现在分词做状语可表示时间、原因、结果、伴随、方式、目的以及作评论性状语等。Hearing the news, they all jumped for joy. =Having finished his speech, he answered our questions.=Living far from the school, I have to get up early in the morning.=The fire lasted a whole night, causing great damage. =Following Tom, we started to climb. 我们跟随汤姆开始爬山。He went into the house, followed by some children.Jane kept silent, trying not to show her feelings.She came riding a brand-new bike.They walked along the streets, talking and laughing.He continued to walk up and down, lost in thought.Judging from her accent, she must come from Australia. 作评论性状语，有些惯用的分词短语在句中可以独立存在，它们用来修饰全句，表明说话者的态度、观点等。常见的有： generally speaking一般说来 strictly speaking严格说来 roughly speaking大致说来 narrowly speaking狭义上说 judging from/ by由判断。_ the cry for help, people immediately rushed out of the rooms. A. To hear B. Hearing C. Having heard D. They hearing _ Hello, he reached out his hand. A. Said B. Saying C. Talked about D. Talking to 3. 过去分词在句中可作时间、原因、条件、伴随、方式等状语。Asked about his address, the boy didnt respond. =Seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent.=Infected with the H1N1, the little boy was separated from the other children.=United, we stand; divided, we fall. 合则立，分则败。=The pop star hurried up to her car, followed by her fans. 过去分词作时间状语可置于句首，也可以置于句尾，有时还可以置于主语和谓语之间。_ from the tallest building, the whole city looks very beautiful. A. See B. Saw C. Seeing D. Seen _ the past, our life is much better. A. Comparing with B. Be compared with C. To compare with D. Compared with 非谓语动词高考题精选1They knew her very wellThey had seen her _ up from childhood(MET88)Agrow Bgr