高中二轮英语语法复习讲解-动词过去分词.doc

高中英语语法之动词过去分词一、当过去分词作为表语The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains. 【注意】过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别:过去分词作表语,主要是表示主语的状态,而被动语态则表示动作. (1) The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. (2) The library is now closed. 高考资源网【注意】过去分词表示被动或完成, -ing 形式表示主动或进行.有些动词如 interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人,用 -ing 形式来修饰物. (3) The book is interesting and Im interested in it. 二、当过去分词作为定语 1. 过去分词用作定语,如果是单个的,常置于其所修饰的名词之前. We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 2. 过去分词短语用作定语时,一般置于其所修饰的名词之后,其意义相当于一个定语从句,但较从句简洁,多用于书面语中. The concert given by their friends was a success.3.过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号. The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 4. 用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物,这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人,但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关. The boy looked up with a pleased expression. 男孩带着满意的表情举目而视. 三、当过去分词作为状语 1. 过去分词作状语过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作. (1) Written in a hurry, this article was not so good! 因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是很好. 【注意】有些过去分词表状态: lost (迷路); seated (坐); hidden (躲); stationed (驻扎); lost / absorbed in (沉溺于); born (出身于); dressed in (穿着); tired of (厌烦). (2) Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, he didnt hear the sound.2. 过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语,此时应注意人称一致. (1) Given another hour, I can also work out this problem. (2)_ Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us. (1) The signal given, the bus started. (2) Her head held high, she went by. 3. 过去分词作状语来源于状语从句. (1) Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 原因状语 (2)_Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 条件状语【注意】状语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词,构成连词+过去分词结构作状语. When given a medical examination, you should keep calm. 4. 过去分词作状语的位置.过去分词可放在主句前作句首状语,后面有逗号与主句隔开;也可放在主句后面,前面有逗号与主句隔开. He stood there silently, moved to tears. = Moved to tears, he stood there silently. 他静静地站在那里,被感动得热泪盈眶. 四、当过去分词作为宾语补足语 (一)能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下四类: 1. 表示感觉或心理状态的动词.如:see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等. (1) I heard the song sung in English. (2)_He found his hometown greatly changed. 2. 表示致使意义的动词.如:have, make, get, keep, leave等. (1) Ill have my hair cut tomorrow. (2) He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. (3) Dont leave those things undone. 3. 表示思维活动的动词如consider， know， think等后。如： (1) I consider the matter settled. (2) I thought myself wronged somehow in the bargain. 4. 表示爱憎意愿的动词如want， wish， like， hate等后。如： (1) I wanted two tickets reserved. (2) He didnt wish it mentioned. 【注意】过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系. (二)使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种情况. 1. 过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成. He had his money stolen.他的钱给偷了.(被别人偷去了) 2. 过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历.如: He had his leg broken.他的腿断了. (自己的经历) 五、with +宾语+过去分词的结构 此结构中,过去分词用作介词 with的宾语补足语.这一结构通常在句中作时间,方式,条件,原因等状语. (1) The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. (2) With water heated, we can see the steam. (3) With the matter settled, we all went home. (4)_She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face. (5) He stood for an instant with his hand still raised. C动词的-ed形式作定语 动词的-ed形式作定语修饰名词分为前置和后置两类。 1前置定语 单个的动词的-ed形式作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前，作前置定语。 A watched pot never boils. All the broken doors and windows have been repaired. When we arrived, we each were given a printed question paper. 提示： 如要表示强调，单个动词-ed形式也可作后置定语。 Money spent is more than money earned. 2后置定语 作后置定语的-ed形式一般都带有修饰语或其他成分，在语法上相当于一个定语从句。 We have read many novels written by this author. （= that are written by this author） Half of the honoured guests invited to the reception were foreign ambassadors. （= who had been invited to the reception） The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success. (= which was attended by one thousand students) A woman, dressed like a lawyer, came in and took her seat as judge. (= who was dressed like a lawyer) 3动词的-ed形式作定语和-ing形式作定语的区别 动词的-ed形式作定语表示动作已完成或和被动，而-ing形式作定语表示动作正在进行或和主动。 the risen sun the rising sun boiled water boiling water developed countries developing countries fallen leaves falling leaves changed condition changing condition D动词的-ed形式作状语 动词的-ed形式作状语和-ing形式作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。 1表示时间 动词的-ed形式作状语表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。 Seen from the tower, the city looks beautiful. （= When the city is seen from the tower.） Shown the lab, we were taken to see the library. （= After we had been shown the lab.） Completely examined by the doctors, he went back to school right away. (= After he was completely examined.) 提示： 有时动词的-ed形式前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。 When asked why she was late for class again, she hung her head in shame. Once recovered, he went all out to do his work. Once started, the clock will go half a month and keep good time. 2. 表示原因 动词的-ed形式作状语表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。 Moved by the heroic deeds, the children couldnt help crying. （= Since they were moved by the heroic deeds .） Written in haste, her letter is very hard to read.（=As it was written in haste .） Excited by the new discovery, we decided to go out and celebrate. (Because we were excited by.) 注意： 为了使-ed形式表示的条件、动词让步意义更加明显，我们可以加上适当的连词。 Even if invited,I wontgo. Though beaten by the opposite team,they did not lose heart. Unless invited,he will not come back to the company. 3. 表示条件 动词的-ed形式作状语表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。 Heated, water changes into steam. （= If water is heated.） Given more time, he would be able to do better. （= If he was given more time .） Compared with other professors, she was an excellent speaker. 4. 表示让步 动词的-ed形式作状语表示让步，相当于一个thoughalthough引导的让步状语从句。 Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber. （= Although they were exhausted by the running .） Laughed at by many people, he continued his research. （= Even if he was laughed by many people .） Questioned many times a day, Andrew kept silent over the murder. 提示： 有时动词的-ed形式作状语和动词的-ing形式的被动式作状语，并没有多大的区别，可以互换。 Suddenly seized with a high fever, he was unable to attend school. = Being suddenly seized with a high fever, he was unable to attend school. Brought up in the countryside, he found it hard to get used to town life. = Having been brought up in the countryside, he found it hard to get used to town life. 5表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明。 动词的-ed形式作状语表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明时，通常位于句子的后面，相当于一个并列分句。 The teacher stood there, surrounded by the students. （= and he was surrounded by the students） He went into the office, followed by some children. (= and he was followed by some children) They turned around and stood in the middle of the room, completely astonished. She accepted the gift, deeply moved. 注意： 动词的-ed形式在句中不能用作主语或宾语。 【误】Invited to the state banquet is a great honour. 【正】To be invited to the state banquet is a great honour. 被邀请出席国宴是极大的荣耀。 【误】I cannot stand laughed at. 【正】I cannot stand being laughed at. 我不能容忍被人嘲笑。一、 动词的-ed形式的逻辑主语 A动词的-ed形式在句中作状语和表语时，它的逻辑主语一般来说就是句子的主语，-ed形式和主语之间是被动关系。 Locked up, he had no way to escape. Lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. She became discouraged at the news. Though it was 1000 a.m., the door of the shop remained locked. B当动词的-ed形式在句中作定语时，它的逻辑主语是被它修饰的名词，它和名词之间是被动关系。 The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. The computer center, opened last year, is very popular among the students in this school A lighted candle lit up the cellar. C当动词的-ed形式在句中作宾语补语或主语补语时，它的逻辑主语是句子的主语或宾语，它们之间的关系是被动关系。 Vivien got her fingers trapped in the bicycle chain. （trapped的逻辑主语是句子的宾语fingers） The valuable vase was found stolen. （stolen的逻辑主语是句子的主语vase） We got home only to find the whole house turned upside down. Thieves obviously had broken in. D动词的-ed形式有时可有其独立的逻辑主语，常用作状语 Everything done, we went home. All our money run out, Henry had to find another job. He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head. All things considered, the planned trip will have to be called off. E动词的-ed形式作独立成分。 动词的-ed形式的一些固定词组也可在句中作独立成分，不受逻辑主语的限制。 Put frankly, I dont agree with what he said. Given the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation. 练习1. Mr. Smith, _ of the _ speech, started to read a novel.A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring2. On getting to the kindergarten, the mother was glad to see her baby well _.A. looked for B. cared for C. take care of D. cared after3. The two old sisters, _ so long, held each other and burst into tears.A. being separated B. having been separatedC. having separated D. had been separated4. Lets have a rest. The _ work made me very _.A. tired; tired B. tiring; tiring C. tired; tiring D. tiring; tired5. Just as the value of a telephone network increases with each new phone _ to the system, so does the value of a computer system increase with each program that turns out.A. adding B. to have added C. to add D. added6. As we all know, newspapers, magazines and radios as well as television broadcasts can keep us _ about what is happening in the world.A. informing B. to inform C. informed D. being informed7. Everyone was _ by his _ progress which he made during the two months.A. surprised; surprise B. surprised; surprisedC. surprised; surprising D. surprising; surprising8. When he turned around, he found a pair of eyes _ him.A. looking B. watch at C. fixing on D. staring at9. The film you saw last light was made _ on a true story that happened many years ago. A. base B. to be based C. based D. basing10. After _ his work, the teacher came to help me with my English.A. finished B. being finished C. having finished D. be finishing11. Follow the directions on the bottle carefully when _the medicine.A. you will take B. taking C. to take D. taken12. The students, _ their teachers, came home.A. followed B. follow C. following D. will follow 13. The long-lasting war, filled with blood and deaths, ended in peoples sadness, _ no result. A. reached B. to reach C. would reach D. reaching14. They spent the night _ in the room.A. having locked B. locking C. to be locked D. locked15. He wrote a letter to the king _.A. hoping to be set freeB. to set him freeC. so that be set free D. asked to be set free16. Steven has devoted all his life to _ films, and Kate, his wife, is also _ to the duty of her profession.A. make; devoted B. making; devoting C. making; devoted D. make; devoting17. _ in the dark, his head hit against a tree.A. Walking B. He was walking C. Walked D. When he was walking18. Time should be made good use _ our lessons well.A. of learning B. to learn C. to learning D. of to learn19. The film, _ true story of this Red Army general, attracted peoples interest all over the country.A. is based on B. is on the base ofC. which is the base of D. based upon20. She returned home from the market only to find the door open and a number of things_.A. stole B. missing C. missed D. losing21. _ it rains, we will stay at home.A. Supposed B. Supposing C. To suppose D. If suppose22. _ with yours, our library is _ too small a size.A. Comparing; in B. Comparing; of C. Compared; in D. Compared; of23. Its dangerous to carry a hot pan with _ oil.A. burning B. burnt C. burn D. burns24. We were told that the stone figure _ back to the 16th century was of great value.A. dated B. dating C. coming D. kept25. The boy lay on his back, his teeth _ and his glaring eyes _ straight upwards.A. set; looked B. set; looking C. setting; looked D. setting; looking26. _ in the forest, he had to ask for help by sending out signals.A. Having lost B. Losing C. Lost D. He was lost27. The Golden Gate Bridge, _ several hundred years ago, is worldwide famous.A. which is built B. which built C. having built D. built28. I suggested the cheat _ into prison.A. referred to being put B. referred be putC. referred should be put D. referred to be put29. _, I went out for a walk.A. There was nothing to do B. There being nothing to doC. There had nothing to do D. Had nothing to do30. He returned home to learn that the girl _ had been married the secretary village.A. became engaged to him B. was engaged to himC. engaged to him before D. got engaged to him31. _ at failing in the maths exam, John wouldnt like to talk about it to his parents.A. DisappointedB. To be disappointed C. Disappointing D. Having disappointed32. _ in the dark cave, he was not afraid of being found by _ enemy soldiers.A. Hidden; armed B. Hide; armed C. hidden; arm D. Hiding; armed33. To have the wonderful cloth _ new clothes, they had the machine _ all day long.A. made of; running B. made of; run C. made into; working D. made into; work34. The World Trade Organization finally opened its door to China on November 10, _ our Chinese 15- year wait. A. to end B. ended C. ending D. ends35. If _ in wet sand, the vegetables can_ fresh for a long time.A. being buried; remain B. buried; remainC. buried; be remained D. burying; remain36. _ over and over again, but he still couldnt understand.A. Having explainedB. having been explained C. Explaining D. It had been explained37. Everything _, the plan is fairly practical, you can put it into practice.A. considering B. taken into consideration C. to consider D. taking into consideration38. _ from the moon, our earth, with water _ seventy percent of its surface, appears as a “ blue ball”.A. Seen; covered B. seeing; covering C. Seen; covering D. To see; to cover39. A great big fellow, _around 250 pounds, walked with slow heavy noisy footsteps up to the producer counter in the supermarket.A. weighed B. weighing C. weighs D. weighty40. - The plan _ is of great importance to everybody. - I see. He is sure to finish it on time.A. made B. making C. to be made D. to make41. From the dates_ on the gold coin, we decided that it was made five hundred years ago. A. marking B. marked C. to be marked D. having been marked42. Hearing the good news, I felt a heavy load _ my mind.A. taking off B. to be taken off C. having taken off D. taken off43. The students were listening to the teacher, with their eyes _.A. widely open B. wide opened C. widely opened D. wide open44. The scientist came to the meeting with his wife _ him.A. being supported B. supporting C. supported D. support45. The noise of the machines _ can be clearly heard in our classroom.A. fixed B. being fixed C. to be fixed D. having been fixed46. After a few rounds of talks, both sides regarded the territory dispute _.A. being settled B. to be settled C. had settled D. as settled47. The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience _ on benches, chairs, or boxes. A. having seated B. seating C. seated D. seat48. _ in this way, the situation doesnt seem so disappointing.A. To look at B. Looking at C. Looked at D. To be looked at49. _ in a recent science competition, the three students were awarded scholarships totaling $21,000.A. To be judged the best B. Having judged the bestC. Judged the best D. Judging the best50. The president promised to keep all the board members _ of how the negotiations were going on.A. inform B. informing C. be informed D. informed51. _ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.A. To face B. Having faced C. Faced D. Facing52. When the first English settlers arrived in the New World, the Indians _ jewellery made of animal bones greeted them warmly.A. wearing B. to wear C. worn D. having worn53. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures _ in your mind instead of before your eyes.A. to form B. form C. forming D. having formed54. When first _ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced55. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when _ at the meeting by my boss.A. questioning B. having questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned56. _ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized