英语写作华丽词汇VS土鳖词汇.doc

土鳖词汇，也叫做龌龊词汇，就是大家对于一个中文意思的第一反应。比如：大就是big，想就是think等等。虽然说写作考的不光是单词，但是我们的语言也要稍微华丽一些吧，这样才能锦上添花。曾经看过一个老外写的中文文章：“我和小明是好朋友，我们一起去看电影，他说电影很好看，我也这么认为。然后我们回家了，我去他家吃饭。他妈妈做的很好吃”很幼稚，但是这样一篇文章的等级是“很好”。这就是我们眼中的外国人文章，换位思考，外国人眼中我们的文章也就是这个样子的吧。通篇都是think，看卷子的人心理素质不好的话，都能一口鲜血吐出来。所以，为了给我们自己加分，为了让判卷的老师多活几年，我们换换词汇吧。背了那么多红宝应该不难发现，我们学过的每个词在红宝书中都都替换的词，所以，在下吐血整理了这些替换词，帮助大家告别龌龊词汇！第一类：巨大: big-colossal/enormous/ immense/ gargantuan/ grandiose/ massive/ monolithic/ prodigious/titanic/ tremendous小的:small-diminutive/ miniature/ miniscule快的(副词):fastlyby leaps andbounds加强:strengthen-bolster/ buttress/ consolidate/ reinforce/ intensify/ fortify (可以用在argument)强的:strong-brawny/ muscular/ sinewy/ impregnable/ invincible/ potent/ robust/virile/ stalwart/ stout/ sturdy强人: baron(巨头) magnate/mogul削弱:weaken-diminish / debilitate/ enervate/ sap/ undermine/perish/wane弱的: weakfeeble/decrepit/ frail/ flaccid/ impotent/ puny/ tenuous重要的: important consequential/momentous/ eminent/ prominent/ pivotal/ substantial/ significant/ crucial/essential/ fundamental 重要:importancecore/ hub/ essence/ gist/magnitude（类似的）居首位的: leadingforemost/paramount/ overriding /predominant/ prevailing/ preeminent prevalent/ supreme不重要的: unimportantmarginal/peripheral/ negligible/ trifling/trivial超过:surpasseclipse/exceed/override/overwhelming/prevail/transcend/ be superior to/outwit / outweigh / be inferior to（劣于）= be subordinate to 霸权:ascendancy/hegemony/supremacy二初始: beginningdebut/premiere/prime/ genesis/ inception/ onset/ threshold/ lead off/ lead out (比to begin with好得多拉 )(或者说什么的到来：adventof something)初始的: beginning-primitive/budding/ fledgling/ embryonic/（古老的意义解时archaic or antiquated or obsolescent or obsolete）开始: begin/startcommence/initiate/ embark/ inaugurate开始：begin/start=undertake/ embark upon增长: growmultiply/mushroom/proliferate/sprout/accelerate/ burgeon(慢慢增长)使其增长:increase-amplify/ magnify/ add-augment/ supplement加重，升级aggravate (恶化)/ escalate/ exacerbate/ deteriorate/ impair 减少，减弱:decreaseabate/attenuate/detract/ diminish/ slacken/curb/ curtail/ (number)pare/ prune/ slash/ trim/whittle/ 减轻decrease-allay/assuage/ mollify/ soothe/mitigate/变弱decreasedwindle/ ebb/subside/ wane/ weaken/ impair上升: ascendlift / surge/rocket/ boast/ soar/ boom达到顶峰 culminate 顶点: peakacme/apex/pinnacle/ climax/ apogee n.远地点/ zenith(nadir最低点 or abyss深渊) (zenith&nadir特别适合用在比喻 强调两者的区别大两个词的来源大家可以查查两个对比强烈哦 )下降: descend/ plummet/plunge/ slump/ tumble (fluctuate波动)三gather聚拢：accumulate/amass/ assemble/ congregate/ garner/ glean/ muster/ rally(为反对或支持而召集)group群组：battalion/bevy/ cluster/ drove/ flock/ swarm/ throngcombination集合：assortment/medley/ mosaic（马赛克）/ motley(五花八门：形容词也可以)a lot of/ a great many of= manifold 许多 abundant/ ample(充足)/ copious(大量的)/fraught with/ replete with/ numerous/ innumerable(不计其数)/ myriad 很多/ a multitudeof/ multitudes of/ a myriad of 无数的人们/ limitless无限的/ a deluge of/ beaucoup adj.非常多的(很多同学都喜欢用alot ofa great number of这里注意:numerous这里表达的不是无数很多那样之表示一般的多这一点从G猫老外改得一篇文章可以看到)large quantity: 大量：avalanche/spate(比喻意大量的某物)/ exodus大量流出/ 大量流入influx/multitude大量 /plethora 比喻意：大量/profusion 丰富，繁多拥有大量：boast/abound / deluge(被大量的某物所淹没)/teem到处散开：spread-dispel(驱散)/ disperse/disseminate稀少的：scarce/meager/ scant/ scanty/ skimpy/ sparse/ dearth节俭的：frugal/thrifty/ miserly/ 富裕的：rich-affluent/ lavish/ luxurious/ opulent/ sumptuous/ palatial浪费的：improvident/prodigal son（浪荡子）=improvident/profligate贫困的：poor=destitute/ impoverished/ impecunious/ indigent (形容人)四困难的：difficult=arduous/ strenuous/ daunting/ formidable/ exacting/ insuperable/ impassable/ onerous（issue中大量存在困难的表达）困境：(陷入困难的处境就是困难)difficultsituations= deadlock/ impasse/ stalemate/ dilemma/ predicament/ quandary/ mire泥沼/ morass/swamp/ quagmire/ standstill停止，僵局/ labyrinth迷宫(很好的比喻的说法可以说什么问题把我们陷入了一个迷宫僵局等)陷入：reduce/ getbogged down/ plunge into复杂的：complicated/intricate/ complex/(这里介绍一个很好的押韵的方法：complexand perplexed/ complicate and intricate or sophisticated用在表达困难的地方可以显示出词汇的完善更能有一种押运修辞的效果读起来琅琅上口)复杂的事情：imbroglio/mesh/ tangle/ labyrinth迷宫= maze卷入复杂的境地：involve=embroil/ ensnare/ entangle 从复杂境地脱身：escape=extricate 难以理解：abstruse/recondite/ intricate/ arcane只有少数人可以理解=esoteric/ cryptic 简短却令人迷惑/ enigmatic 谜一般的 enigma 形容词形式/ inexplicable无法解释/ inscrutable无法捉摸=unfathomable/mysterious/ supernatural/ mystical/ extraterrestrial (这里的词很多都表示 难以理解 很多题目学习类教育类社会类历史类艺术类只要表示某某问题把我们难倒了都可以用)迷mystery-puzzle=enigma/ conundrum/ riddle/迷宫labyrinth/ maze令人迷惑：puzzle= baffle/ befuddle/ bewilder/ confound/ mystify/ perplex 令人沮丧：depressed=with depression/ frustrating/ daunting/ dismal/ 使可以理解：clarify=elucidate/ enlighten启迪教化/explicate阐明/ expoundon/upon /illuminate照亮说清楚可以理解的：intelligible= explicit/ lucid阻碍：hindrance名次= fetter/shackle/ trammel枷锁桎梏/onus负担重任阻碍：动词hamper= encumber造成负担/foil/ stymie/ thwart阻碍或者挫败工作完成/handicap/ hinder/ impede/ retard压制：smother/stifle 令人窒息，压制约束suppress/ pin down协助促进：aid= facilitate/ foster/ nurture/ buttress/五著名的：famous =celebrated/ renowned/ reputed/ distinguished/ illustrious/ prestigious/outstanding/ distinctive/ eminent/ notable/ noticeable/ striking/ remarkable/preeminentbe famous for = take pride inelite= meritocrat (meritocracy n.知识界精华)(用上的话超级有文采嘻嘻)有特色：feature =savor/ 因为什么而闻名可用famous一系列臭名昭著：disreputable= infamous/ notorious/ nefarious因为极坏而臭名昭著好的名声：reputation= esteem/ prestige坏的名声：disgrace/disrepute/ ignominy/ infamy/ odium/ opprobrium/ stigma 不好的声誉，耻辱。尊重 名次：respect =reverence/ veneration/ homage 高尚的：noble =rarefied/ sublime/ lofty 不尊重 名次：disrespect =scorn蔑视招人轻视的：contemptible= despicable尊重：动词idolize/worship/ lionize 对待名人一样的崇拜/revere敬爱，敬畏不尊重：动词 disrespect/ deride/ scoff嘲笑/ despise/ disdain/ slight/ snub赞扬：名次praise=accolade赞美，奖项/approbation/ encomium/ eulogy/ panegyric/ plaudit/ tribute/ tribute用来表示赞美的行为或者发言赞美：动词praise= acclaim/ applaud/ hail欢呼/ commend/ extol/ laud高度的，常常带有美化成分的赞美应该受到谴责的：形容词reprehensible谴责：condemn=censure/ denounce/ reprimand/ decry/ deprecate/ deplore叹惋/ lament 叹惋/ remonstrate争辩，申辩责备：admonish/reproach/ reprove温和的责备严厉责备：动词berate/ castigate/ chastise/ chide/ excoriate/ inveigh/ rail/ revile/ upbraid令人讨厌的事物：名次anathema谩骂的：abusive/vituperative 六有害的事物：harmfulthings= contagion传染病瘟疫epidemic/ pandemic也有流行的意思/pestilence/plague疾病：malady 瘴气：miasma比喻意为有害的气氛或者影响 灾患：scourge不再害怕看到世界中心深处的毒气：unafraidto look deep into the miasma at the heart of the world.有害的：harmful =deleterious/ detrimental/ noxious/ toxic/ virulent/ monstrous/ murderous 邪恶的：evil/ devil=cruel/ crude/ brutal/ wicked/ vicious/ malicious/ atrocious/ virulent/ venomous/ sinister/ hafarious/ vicious/ pernicious/ destructive/ detrimental 致命的：fatal/ lethal前两个并非贬义/ pernicious极其有害的有益的：形容词：hygienic/sanitary 广义的卫生的/ salutary/wholesome有益身心的有害的事物:bane致命的毒药 /blight植物的枯萎病/ 损害：harm = blemish/deface/ disfigure/ eviscerate/ impair减损/main mutilate毁伤肢体/ mar/spoil破坏 demolish有益的事物：antidote解毒药/ remedy药物：纠错/ panacea 万能良药 elixir 炼金药，万能药(有贬义含义)/ boon赐福blessing /tonic 补药改善：improve =ameliorate/ amend/ 对法律的修改/rectify/ redress/ 毁坏，毁灭：destroy/annihilate彻底消灭/exterminate终结/eliminate/ eradicate/ decimate/ demolish/ dismantle/ raze 彻底摧毁夷为平地/ devastate/ravage/ wreck遭受重创，严重破坏/ obliterate擦去/ pulverize 磨成粉末状/ subvert 颠覆可怕的：awful =horrible/ terrible/ tragic/ wretched / dire复苏，复兴 动词：revive=rejuvenate/ resurrect/ resuscitate/ revive动荡的，混乱的 形容词：tumultuous/turbulent/ 混乱：名词：chaos/confusion/ disorder / mayhem/ disarray/ havoc大面积的破坏-混乱pandemonium 撒旦居住的地方，比喻嘈杂，混乱的地方/ shambles废墟/ turmoil 混乱，动荡/ upheaval突发的巨变灾难：calamity/cataclysm/ catastrophe 危险 名词：danger/hazard/ peril危险的：hazardous/perilous/ precarious/ treacherous 危及：动词endanger/ compromise/ imperil/ jeopardize保护：protect =safeguard表示进步,提高的动词:improve ameliorate better develop remedy revise enhance enrichupgraderefine重要,关键:important significant consequential momentous considerableessentialvaluable distinctive great weighty major serious grave vitalcapitalsubstantial material; 稍微扯得远一点的还有conspicuous striking prominenteminent noticeable正确的,无误的:correct rectify accurate precise proper undistorted rightimpeccable增长和减少(这个超级常用!)increase rise extend magnify decrease reduce fall amplifyaggrandizeelongate intensify enhance prolong strengthen curtail shrinkterminatelessen abate raise boost intense(intensify) expand augment enlargediminishdwindle（swindle是诈骗的意思） slump和证明相关的:justify warrant assert claim contend argue validate substantiateverifyaccuse assign indict allege affirm论题:statement claim declaration assertion opinion belief viewconvictionpersuasion要求request demand needs requisition撤销to cancel; to revoke; to countermand; Law to rescind; to quash建立to build up; to establish; to set up; to found; to take root; tostrikeroot消除to eliminate; to clear; to remove; to clear up; to take away; tosmoothaway推理1.Logic inference; reasoning; deduction; ratiocination2.to reason3.to put two and two together相应1.corresponding; relevant; relative; fitting; appropriate2.accordingly; correspondingly; by the same token; in acorresponding way3.to correspond to; to act in responses; to work in concert with;tosupport each other导致1.to lead to; to bring about (or on); to result in; to cause; tospark off;to conduce to; to procure; to induce; to generate后果a consequence; an aftermath; an outcome检查to inspect; to check; to examine; to look over; to put to thetest; to keepa check on发（奖品）prize reward award grant assign confer(on) honor fame creditcontributionacknowledgement recognition表示程度的副词very strikingly greatly highly insatiably exceedingly dreadfullyremarkablydrastically dramatically足够sufficient adequate enough剩下几个也是常用的present justify practicable hence consequently examinationaccountable responsibletwist and turn 迂回曲折might and main 尽全力part and parcel 重要部分safe and sound 安然无恙spick and span 崭新的，极干净的time and tide 岁月，时光go to rack and ruin 陷于毁灭slow and sure 慢而稳，稳妥hale and hearty 老当益壮chop and change 变幻莫测（尤指观点,计划等）fair and foul 在任何情况下weal and woe 福祸sum and subs tance 主要情况，要点（尤指讲话的主要部分） forgive and forget 不念旧恶wax and wane （月的）盈亏圆缺；盛衰1 inferno地狱，可与幸福生活形成强烈对比 the inferno of war2 inky 用于个人在生活上或科研道路上的迷茫 the inky darkness of ones pursuit of owndestiny3 promulgate 公布，颁布法令，新法律 promulgate a belief, and idea, a theory,etc the promulgation of atreaty4 latency 如作者主张尚未表现出的危险或其主张的长远作用 latent-latent ability , a latentinfection after a carefulexamination, it is no need to go too far to sense that the authors claimunderlies a latency of peril to both personal and even societal degree./ lurksa latency of profound implication.5 Connotation 内涵，言外之意Hollywood always holds connotation of romanceand glittering success. 贬义词derogatory connotation6 Motivate/ ignite 用于深究心理方面深层的原因，或者内因 be motivated by greed, fear, love a teacher who can motive her pupils7 Nectar 在描写艺术方面的享受时有用，甘露，8 Emulate 仿效，主要用于名人的作用 emulative 好胜的9 责任 obligation , responsibility, liability10 重要paramount the reduction of unemployment should be paramount in the governmentseconomic policy11 Ponder1深思pondering on the meaning of life12 Delvein/ into 探索，钻研，起源 a writer delving in medieval French literature delve into the origins of the custom13 Blood 根源of the same blood14 演绎推理 deduce 追溯源头15 Augment增加提高 continuing rainsaugment the flood waters. 16 混乱 turmoil uproar pandemonium chaos thecountry was in a turmoil during the strike. There was uproar over the tax increases. Left in a state of chaos17 Rotelearning 死记硬背的方法18 Reminisce 缅怀美好的往事 reminiscence 怀旧reminiscence of my youth19 Halcyon太平盛世 halcyon times the halcyon days of youth20 Quietude平静寂静 equability 平和宁静21 Equanimity镇静 she maintained herequanimity throughout her long ordeal. 22 Impassivity泰然自若23 Equilibrium平衡均势 disturb theequilibrium of the chains of natural environment.24 Balance-try to achieve a better balance between work and play. This newspaper maintains a goodbalance in its presentation of different opinions.25 Placidity平静 the placidity of histemperament26 Deformity畸形，用于形容教育中重视一方面忽视另一方面27 Lapse 小错失足 a lapse from grace 失宠 lapse into 陷入 lapse back into bad habits lapse into a coma 时间流逝 after a lapse of several decades28 Peccadillo小过失guilty of some mildpeccadillo29 Falsity 谬误错误30 Menace威胁，危害nuclear weapons are amenace to world peace31 Jeopardize破坏危害 jeopardous32 Imperil 危害 the security of the country had been imperiled33 Transient 转瞬即失的 transient success transience transient years is not enough to make theconclusion34 Ephemeral 短暂的 ephemeral pleasure35 Permanent permanence permanency36 Angle 角度 try looking at the affair from a differentangle37 Facet 方面角度 there are many facets to this question38 Dissimilitude 不同不同之处39 表示实用的功利的 utilitarian function pragmatic utilitarianism pragmatism40 神话（用于艺术类的issue 中） mythology 神化apotheosis apotheosize 寓言allegoryfable圣歌 psalm anthemhymn 亵渎的profane 圣乐和俗乐 scared and profane music 神灵saint41 Didactic教诲的，说教的 教诲edification inculcate42 Elicit43 表示竞争极其后果的词 良性竞争good-natures rivalry 恶性竞争、循环 vicious circle 憎恨antipathy44 Salvation拯救（描写精神，崇高事业时）redemption45 Mundane世俗的46 Ethnocentrism民主优越感 racialism racism 种族主义 nationalism 民族主义 chauvinism沙文主义 patriotismpatriotic 爱国主义47 Ingrained根深蒂固的48 注定 predestine destine foreordain49 Populace 平民50 描写文化差异/ 相同的词语 cultural shock 设身处地的vicarious vicariously vicarious pleasure, satisfaction be acclimatized to assimilation culturalhomogenization 文化适应 acculturation51 Emblem象征 the dove is an emblemof peace52 修辞手法 metaphor onomatopoeia rhetoric53 Crusade（为争取好的或反对坏的事物的）斗争或运动 a crusade against corruption54 Transatlantic大西洋彼岸的，横越大西洋的 transatlantic flight, voyage, telephone call a transatlantic trade agreement55 Tottering蹒跚的56 Recidivism 累犯57 Spacecrunch 空间紧缩 crunch58 表示渠道的词 channel vehicle59 Melancholy忧郁60 Epithet 绰号61 Pernicious 有害的62 Proclivity倾向63 家谱 genealogypedigree64 政府行为 stipulation of a poverty line环境：delicate balance upon whichanimalsincluding humandepend （ecosystem）生态平衡the depletion of the atmospheric ozone 臭氧空洞extinct spe