《形容词和副词》高三九.ppt

形容词和副词 Learning goals 1.掌握形容词副词的基本用法以及特殊的形 式。 2.形容词副词高考常考的知识点，以及例题 解析。 形容词用来修饰、说明名词或不定代词，表示人 或物的性质、特征和状态。而副词是用来修饰动 词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子，有时也能修 饰名词，表示时间、地点、方式、程度等。 高考重点要求： 1.形容词、副词比较级，最高级常用句型 2.形容词的倍数表达法和副词的位置 3.多个形容词修饰同一名词的前后顺序 4.分清常用同义、近义形容词、副词在表达中的 语义差别 一、形容词 形容词在句子中的作用 大部分形容词能作定语、表语或宾语补 足语 , 如： a beautiful park 一座美丽的公园 The play Tea-house（茶馆）is both moving and interesting. Who left the window open? How long will the weather stay sunny ? The silk clothes feel soft. How interesting the story sounds! 定冠词the + 形容词 定冠词the + 形容词”表示一类人或物，作“ 主语或宾语 ”，意思为“的一种人”， “的一类东 西或事情”。 The new will take the place of the old . （新事物 将代替旧事物。） The young are fond of sports .(年轻人喜欢体育 运动。) The Living and the Dead is a horror film. 有些形容词只能作表语 如： 叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形 容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用 程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属 于这一类。例如：afraid 害怕的。 （错） He is an ill man. （对） The man is ill. （错） She is an afraid girl. （对） The girl is afraid. well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive ，alone，asleep，awake 等 词加-ed 和 ing都可构成形容词 加-ed的形容词表示“人感到如何”，加-ing的 形容词则 用来描写事物， 如： We were excited when we heard the exciting news. alarming,amusing,astonishing,charming, daring,demanding,encouraging,confusing, disappointing,discouraging,exciting, interesting,inviting,pleasing,promising, shocking,striking,surprising ly等后缀 形容词 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively， ugly，brotherly (有品质的 ) (错） She sang lovely. （错） He spoke to me very friendly. （对） Her singing was lovely. （对） He spoke to me in a very friendly 有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词。 daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early The Times is a daily paper. The Times is published daily. 形容词后缀 分两大类。一类是加到名词上的 加到名词上的主要有： -y：bloody, dirty, healthy, windy, muddy； -ful：careful, faithful, helpful, peaceful, useful； -less：careless, harmless, senseless, useless； -ous/-ious：dangerous; courageous, mysterious； -al/-tal/-ial/-tial：natural, additional, educational -ic/-etic/-atic：artistic, sympathetic, systematic； -ish：childish, foolish, selfish； -like： life-like, business-like, war-like； -ed/-en：skilled, woolen, golden, wooden。 加到动词 上的有 -ent/-ant，如：dependent, different, observant(善于 观察的), pleasant； -able/-ible，如： agreeable, comfortable, defensible, sensible(明智的;合情理的 )； -ive/-tive/-ative/-itive，如：active, attentive（留意 的）, imaginative, sensitive (敏感的;易受伤害的 )； -ed/-en，如：advanced, noted, stolen, swollen； -ing，如：annoying, disgusting, entertaining。 形容词在句子中的位置 1.形容词一般放在被修饰的名词之前。两个 或两个以上形容词修饰一个名词时，形容词 排列的次序一般应考虑下面二种情况。 （1）与被修饰名词关系比较密切的形容词位 置靠近名词， 如：an exciting American film （2）音节少的形容词位置在前，音节多的形 容词位置在后。 2.修饰复合不定代词 something, anything, nothing 等， 如：anything important, nothing easy 3.同表示数量的词组连用， 如：twenty feet long, five years old 4.限定词+数量形容词+描绘性形容词+大小、长 短、高低等形体形容词+新旧+颜色+国籍+材 料+用途+被修饰的名词 a fine round maple（枫木）writing table, a famous old English country house 二、副词 副词在句子中主要用作状语，许多副词皆由形容词加-ly 构成，如：careful-carefully。 副词主要被分为以下几种： 1时间副词，如：often，early，usually，frequently always constantly now 2地点副词，如：here，above，outside，below，there 3方式副词，如：hard，fast，badly，well 4程度副词如：very，quite，much，still，even，almost 5疑问副词，如：how，when，why， where 副词在句子中的位置 时间副词和地点副词的位置 表示确定时间的副词和地点的副词，一般 放在句尾，如句中同时有地点副词和时间 副词，地点副词通常在前，时间副词在后 。 修饰形容词和副词的程度副词，除enough 后置外，一般放在被修饰词的前面。副词 在此作状语。 如： be well enough, go fast enough 修饰动词的方式副词有以下几种： 1.修饰不及物动词时，该副词要后置，如：sing well 2.修饰及物动词时，可放在被修饰词之前或宾语之后 ；如宾语较长也可放在动词和宾语之间。如： study English hard，see clearly the words on the blackboard 3.及物动词和副词（如：down，on，off，in，out， up等）组成的动词词组，其宾语是名词，该名词 可放在副词之前或之后：如是代词，该代词一定 要放在副词前。 He cut down the tree. / He cut the tree down. / He cut it down. 形容词原级、比较级和最高级的用法 1. 两者比较情况一样，常用“as+形容词原级+as”句型 。 He is as tall as his monitor. 2. 两者比较，表示一方在某方面不如另一方，常用 “not so /as +形容词原级+as”句型。 A train doesnt travel so fast as a plane . 3. 三者或三者以上比较，表示某人某物“最”时 ，用“the+形容词最高级+比较范围”句型。 Asia is by far the largest of the seven continents . She writes (the) most carefully of the three . 5. 比较级 +and+比较级 “越来越” It is getting cooler and cooler in autumn. She is becoming more and more active in taking part in social activities. 6. the +比较级 ，the +比较级 “越越” The harder he studies , the greater progress he will make . 一、形容词和副词考点 Tom sounds very much _in the job, but Im not sure whether he can manage it. (2006安徽) A. interested B. interesting C. interestingly D. interestedly What a nice fire you have in your fireplace! During the winter I like my house _. (2005 上海春) A. warmly and comfortably B. warm and comfortable C. warm and comfortably D. warmly and comfortable She doesnt speak _her friend, but her written work is excellent. (1993全国) A. as well as B. so often as C. so much as D. as good as _, some famous scientists have the qualities of being both careful and careless. (2004上海春) A. Strangely enough B. Enough strangely C. Strange enough D. Enough strange 二、考查形容词作定语的后置规律 _to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills. (2000全国) A. Brave enough students B. Enough brave students C. Students brave enough D. Students enough brave All the people _at the party were his supporters. (2002北京) A. present B. thankful C. interested D. important 形容词作定语一般位于所修饰的名词前，但下列三种情况 形容词要后置： 形容词短语作定语时； 表语形容词作定语时； 修饰复合不定代词时。 三、考查多个形容词作定语的排序 John Smith, a successful businessman, has a _car. (2004辽宁) A. large German white B. large white German C. white large German D. German large white _ students are required to take part in the boat race. (2004浙江) A. Ten strong young Chinese B. Ten Chinese strong young C. Chinese ten young strong D. Young strong ten Chinese 多个形容词修饰名词时，其排序规律是： (限定词+程度副词+) 描绘+大小(长短、高低) +形状+年龄(新旧)+颜色+国籍或产地+物质材料 +类别或用途+名词 9. The husband gave his wife _every month in order to please her. (2004重庆) A. all half his income B. his half all income C. half his all income D. all his half income 10. How was your recent visit to Qingdao? It was great. We visited some friends, and spent the _days at the seaside. (1995全国) A. few last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny last 注：限定词的排序：前位限定词 (指量限定词all, both, half等 ；倍数词double, twice等；分数词one-third, two-fifths等) +中位限定词 (冠词，指示代词，形容词性物主代词，名词所 有格)+后位限定词 (序数词及last, next等；基数词及few, several等) 四、考查副词在句中的位置规律 If I had _, Id visit Europe, stopping at the small interesting places. (1998全国) A. a holiday long enough B. an enough long holiday C. a holiday enough long D. a long holiday enough 频度副词always, usually, often, never等一般放在行 为动词 前，或者情态动词 、助动词或be动词之 后。表示方式的副词通常放在“动词(+宾语)”之 后；同时有表示时间、地点和方式的副词时， 其顺序一般为：方式地点时间。如： 五、考查ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别 Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents _. (2004重庆) A. worried B. to worried C. worrying D. worry It is believed that if a book is _, it will surely _ the reader. (2003上海) A. interested; interest B. interesting; be interested C. interested; be interesting D. interesting; interest Mr. Smith, _ of the _ speech, started to read a novel. (2003京春) A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring 六、考查两种不同形式的副词的用法差异 It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so she stood _to her mother. (2002北京) A. close B. closely C. closed D. closing 七、考查形容词和副词的比较等级 A typhoon swept across tiffs area with heavy rains and winds _ strong as 113 miles per hour. (2006上海 ) A. too B. very C. so D. as John is the tallest boy in the class, _ according to himself. (2005安徽) A. five foot eight as tall as B. as tall as five foot eight C. as five foot eight tall as D. as tall five foot eight as 1. as+形容词/副词原级+as 2. not as/so+原级+as He speaks English well indeed, but of course not _a native speaker. (2004上海) A. as fluent as B. more fluent than C. so fluently as D. much fluently than Do you have a big library?“ No, we dontat least, not yours. A. bigger as B. as big as C. as big than D. as bigger than 3. as +形容词+(a/an+)名词+as Our neighbour has _ ours. (2003北京) A. as a big house as B. as big a house as C. the same big house as D. a house the same big as It is generally believed that teaching is _ it is a science. (2001全国) A. an art much as B. much an art as C. as an art much as D. as much an art as 4.比较级 +than Did you take enough money with you? No, I needed _ I thought I would. (2006 全国II) A. not so much as B. as much as C. much more than D. much less than Mr. Smith owns _collection of coins than anyone else I have ever met. (2005山东） A. larger B. a larger C. the larger D. a large 5. 隐含式比较级 有时省略或不点明被比较的对象，而是通过语境 来暗示被比较的对象 I wish youd do _ talking and some more work. Thus things will become better. (2006江苏) A. a bit less B. any less C. much more D. a little more I dont think this film is by far the most boring. I have seen_ . (2006江西) A. better B. worse C. the best D. the worst Mary kept weighing herself to see how much _ she was getting. (2004全国) A. heavier B. heavy C. the heavier D. the heaviest 6. 否定式谓语 +比较级 ：有最高级含义 Your story is perfect; Ive never heard _ before. (2006全国II) A. the better one B. the best one C. a better one D. a good one Bob ran the 100 meters in 9.91 seconds, and I have not seen _ this year. (2005浙江) A. the best B. better C. the most D. more 7. least +原级 (最不) The salesman showed her several bags and she chose _one as she didnt want to spend too much time on it. (1991上海) A. the less expensive B. less expensive C. the least expensive D. least expensive David has won the first prize in singing; he is still very excited now and feels_ desire to go to bed. (2005 江苏) A. the most B. more C. worse D. the least 8. the+比较级 , the+比较级 In recent years travel companies have succeeded in selling us the idea that the further we go, _. (2001上海) A. our holiday will be better B. our holiday will be the better C. the better our holiday will be D. the better will our holiday be 9.其它含比较级 的短语和句式 比较级+and+比较级； no more than和一样不 仅仅，； morethan与其说倒不如； less than少于； more than多于，不只是，非常； more or less几乎，差不多，大约，或多或少； sooner or later(迟早，早晚，总有一天)；whats more(而且，此外)； no soonerthan(一就)。如： I used to earn _than a pound a week when I first started work. (06陕西6) A. a little B. a few C. fewer D. less Maggie has been fortunate to find a job she loves and, _, she gets well paid for it. (2005浙 江) A. sooner or later B. whats more C. as a result D. more or less After supper she would sit down by the fire, sometimes for _ an hour, thinking of her young and happy days. (2003上海) A. as long as B. as soon as C. as much as D. as many as _ I can see, there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger. (2004安徽春) A. As long as B. As far as C. Just as D. Even if Youre standing too near the camera. Can you move _ ? (2000上海) A. a bit far B. a little farther C. a bit of farther D. a little far Are you feeling _? Yes, Im fine now. (1992全国) A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better 八、考查比较等级的修饰语 1. 比较级前可用a bit, a little, rather, some(肯定句及请求或建议 的问句中), any(否定句或疑问句中)表示“稍稍，一点”； 用much, far, a great/good deal, a lot, lots, a good bit等表示“得 多”。 What a table! Ive never seen such a thing before. It is_ it is long. (2005湖北) A. half not as wide as B. wide not as half as C. not half as wide as D .as wide as not half It is re ported that the United States uses _ energy as the whole of Europe. (2004广西) A. as twice B. twice much C. twice much as D. twice as much 2. half，倍数，以及分数或有关长度、时间、重量等 表示确定程度的修饰语，通常放在比较级前，或 asas结构的第一个as前。 九、考查形容词such和副词so的用法 We were in _ when we left that we forgot the airline tickets.(2003上海) A. a rush so anxious B. a such anxious rush C. so an anxious rush D. such an anxious rush It is _ work of art that everyone wants to have a look at it. (1998上海) A. so unusual B. such unusual C. such an unusual D. so an unusual 十、考查在语境中选择恰当的形容词或副词 The number of people present at the concert was _than expected. There were many ticket left. (2004福建) A. much smaller B. much more C. much larger D. many more Mr. Smith used to smoke but he has given it up. (2004天津) A. seriously B. heavily C. badly D. hardly 固定词组 或句型中的副词 Must I turn off the gas after cooking? Of course . You can never be _ careful with that. (2005江西) A. enough B. too C. so D. very Are you going to have a holiday this year? Id love to. I cant wait to leave this place _. (2006江苏) A. off B. out C. behind D. over can never too careful或can never careful enough， 体现两句间逻辑 关系的连接性副词 Progress so far has been very good. _, we are sure that the project will be completed on time. (2006浙江) A. However B. Otherwise C. Therefore D. Besides Im certain Davels told you his business troubles. _, its no secret that he owes a lot of money to the bank. (2006湖北) A. However B. Anyway C. Therefore D. Though The hurricane damaged many houses and business buildings; _, it caused 20 deaths. (2006江西) A. or else B. therefore C. after all D. besides however You should try to get a good nights sleep _ much work you have to do. A. however B. no matter C. although D. whatever He tried his best to solve the problem, _ difficult it was. A. however B. no matter C. whatever D. although 1. 用作副词 (1) 表示让步：意为“无论如何”“不管怎样”，用来修 饰形容词或副词，其词序为：however+形容词或 副词+主语+谓语。这样用的however其实具有连 词的功能，用以引导让步状语从句 Phone me when you arrive, however late it is. 你到达之后就给我打电话，不论多么晚也要打。 However much he eats, he never gets fat. 不管他吃多少，他永远吃不胖。 However cold it is, he always goes swimming. 不管天有多冷，他都去游泳。 You wont move the stone, however strong you are. 不管你力气有多大，也休想搬动那块石头 However far it is, l intend to drive there tonight. 不管有多远，我今晚也要开车到那儿去。 这样用的 however 与 no matter how 大致同义。如： People always want more, however no matter how rich they are. 人总是富了还想再富。 However No matter how hard I worked, she was never satisfied. 无论我多么努力地工作，她从来没 满意过。 有时从句谓语可用情态动词 。如： Dont laugh, however funny it may be. 无论多么有趣 也不要笑。 Ill try to finish it in time, however hard it may be. 无 论多么难，我也要按时完成。 “however形容词或副词主语谓语 ”有 时可以有所省略。如： I refuse, however favorable the conditions. 不 管条件如何有利，我都不干。 (conditions后省去了are) Id rather have a room of my own, however small (it is), than share a room. 无论房间多么 小，我宁愿一个人住一间，而不愿意与别 人合住一个房间。 (2) 表示转折：尤其用于谈及一个既成事实时， 表示转折，其意为“可是”“仍然”等。可放在句 首、句中或句末，通常用逗号与句子其他成 分隔开。 My father, however, did not agree. 但是，我父 亲不同意。 My room is small; however, its comfortable. 我 的房间很小，但却很舒服。 He said that it was so; he was mistaken, however. 他说情况如此，可是他错了 我们都已尽了最大的努力，不过我们还是输了 。 We all tried our best, however we lost the game. We all tried our best, but we lost the game. We all tried our best; however, we lost the game. We all tried our best. However, we lost the game. 注：however不能像 but(但是)那样直接连接两 个句子(注意正句中的标点符号) (3) 表示惊奇或强调：相当于how ever的用法 ，其意为“究竟怎样，到底以什么方式”。 如： However did you get here without a car? 没有汽车你究竟是怎样来的呢? However does he manage to write music when he is so deaf? 他聋成这个样子，究竟是怎样从事作曲的 呢? 2. 用作连词 用作连词，引导方式状语从句，表示“无论以何 种方式”“不管怎样”。如： However it may be, I shall take your word. 无论如何，我将会相信你的话。 However I approached the problem, I couldnt find a solution. 这一问题我不管怎样都无法解决。 However you travel, itll take you at least two days. 无论你怎么个走法，至少要两天时间。 The painting looks wrong however you look at it. 这张画不论怎么看都显得不对劲。 I think, therefore I am 1.Your information is inaccurate and your conclusion is therefore wrong. 你的信息不准确，所以你的结论是错误的。 2. We have a growing population and therefore we need more food. 我们的人口在增长，因此我们需要更多的食物。 3. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit; and if he read little, he had need have more cunning, to seem to know that he doth not. 因此，一个人如果不写，他就需要记住很多东西；如果不 和人交谈，他就需要天笺机智；如果不读书，他就需要更 狡猾，能够假装知道他所不知道的东西。 though 1. not used at the beginning of a clause in spite of the fact, nevertheless Its hard work, I enjoy it though. Hes a bad President. There is no reason, though , to shoot him. 2. conj, in spite of the fact, even if Though/ Even though its hard work, I enjoy it. Poor though I am, I can afford beer. As though/ if, He behaves as though he were better than us. otherwise 1.differntly, in an the other way 不同地， 用别的方法 I hate him , and I wont pretend otherwise. He is guilty until proved otherwise. 2. apart from that, in other ways其他方面 Father still has a bit of his cold, but otherwise all are well. 3. if , in different cond