课时讲练通高中英语2014年高考分类题库考点5特殊题型.docx

考点5 特殊题型一、短文改错(2014辽宁卷短文改错)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(),并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改:在错的词下划一横线(_),并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。Dear Jeremy and Alice,Although weve been delighted to have you as neighbors, were hoping to settle something that bothers to us. In a word, your dogCleo.Weve called several time about Cleos early morning barking. It is difficult to understanding why she barks every minute shes outside.The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby.Beside,Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day.This morning she starts barking even before 5 oclock.That is too much for us,considering how closely the houses are.We appreciate our apologies and goodwill, but we hope that you can figure a good way of settling the matter.Sincerely,Jack and Rose答案:1.【解析】第一句中第三个to去掉。bother为及物动词,bother sb.意为“打扰某人”。2.【解析】第三句中的time改为times。根据前面表数量的词several可知,此处time意为“次数”,应用复数形式。3.【解析】第四句中的understanding改为understand。Its difficult to do sth.意为“做某事是困难的”,其中to为动词不定式符号,其后要跟动词原形。4.【解析】第五句中的have改为has。此题考查主谓一致问题。句子的主语为The early morning barking,故用单数形式。5.【解析】第六句中的Beside改为Besides。beside意为“在旁边”;besides意为“况且,而且”,根据上下文语意可知,此处表示递进关系。6.【解析】第六句中第一个a改为an。an average of意为“平均”,其中average的发音为元音音素,故用不定冠词an。7.【解析】第七句中的starts改为started。句中的this morning可作为解题的突破口,表示“过去发生的事情”用一般过去时才对。8.【解析】第八句中的closely改为close。考查形容词、副词词义辨析。此处表示“住得近(close)”,closely意为“紧密地;亲近地;严密地”。9.【解析】第九句中的our改为your。此处指代错误。表示“我们非常感谢你们的歉意和好心”。10.【解析】第九句中的figure后加out。figure out意为“想出、算出”。此处表示“你们能否想出一个更好的解决这个问题的方法”之意。 (2014浙江卷短文改错)第一节:短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)下面短文中有10处语言错误。请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(),并在其下面写上该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改:在错的词下划一横线(_),并在该词下面写上修改后的词。注意:1.每处错误及修改均仅限一词;2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。I was taking a train to Londons Victoria Station. I had noticed that the carriage was noise and filled with people.Before long,a train inspector comes to check our tickets. A passenger realized he couldnt find his ticket but became quite upset. Then everyone in the carriage began searching the ticket, which was eventually found under a seat several rows from his owner.The person who found a ticket smiled with pleasure at his success.No one in the carriage had previous spoken to or even noticed the ticket-owner before.Yet, they had so quickly offered the strangers their help.If we could show concern to others on need,the world would be a better place to live in.答案:【解析】1.第二句中had去掉。此篇文章第一句话就已经表明了文章的基调(时态、人称等),讲述的是发生在过去的一件事情,故用一般过去时。2.第二句中noise改为noisy。句中was为系动词,其后应该跟形容词noisy作表语,且后面的and filled with people也有提示。3.第三句中的comes改为came。此处在叙述过去发生的事情,故用一般过去时。4.第四句中but改为and。句意:一位乘客意识到找不到自己的车票了,就变得非常担心。上下两个分句之间为顺承关系而非转折关系,故用and。5.第五句中searching后加for。search for意为“寻找、搜寻”,固定搭配。search意为“搜(身)”。6.第五句中his改为its/the。此处意为“车票的主人”,而非“他的主人”,故用its/the。7.第六句中a改为the。此处特指“那张车票”。8.第七句中previous改为previously。此处previously修饰的是谓语动词had spoken to,故用副词形式。9.第八句中strangers改为stranger。此处特指“丢失车票的那个陌生人”,应该是一个人,故用单数形式。10.第九句中on改为in。in need意为“需要”,为固定搭配。(2014陕西卷)第二节短文改错(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏词符号(),并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改:在错的词下画一横线(),并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1.每处错误及修改均仅限一词;2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。My father took me out camping for the first time when I was seven.He wanted teach me about animals, insects and trees.My uncles all come along with bows and arrows for hunting.One evening at sunset, we sat by the fire,have our barbecue.Just then a bird was flying over us.My uncles immediate jumped up and shot their arrows on the bird.Neither of the arrows hit the target.Suddenly the arrows was flying down at us from the skythey were looked like rain!We ran to escape but fortunately no one was injured.That day I didnt learn much about animals,insects or trees,but I learnt a impressive lesson about gravity!答案: (2014四川卷)第二节短文改错(共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分)下面短文中有10处语言错误。请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(),并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改:在错的词下划一横线(_),并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1.每句不超过两个错误;2.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;3.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。Hello,boys and girls!Today,I am going to talk with what you should do when a fire alarm go off.If you hear the alarm,stand in line at the door and wait your teacher to lead you outside.Stay close to your teacher and classmate.Dont panic or get out of line,and trying to remain quiet and calmly.Soon the firefighters will come and put out a fire.If its a false alarm and there is no fire,your teacher will lead us back to the classroom.If you notice that when someone is missing and hurt,tell your teacher immediately.答案:1.【解析】第二句中withabout考查介词。根据后面的宾语what you should do可知要用talk about表示“谈论某事”,talk with sb.表示“和某人交谈”。2.【解析】第二句中gogoes考查主谓一致。主语a fire alarm为单数,所以谓语动词要用单数形式。3.【解析】第三句中wait后加for考查介词。wait为不及物动词,表示“等待”要用wait for。4.【解析】第四句中classmateclassmates考查名词。和你的老师和同学们待在一起。根据上文stand in line at the door可知此处要用复数形式。5.【解析】第五句中tryingtry考查祈使句。此处and连接两个并列的祈使句。6.【解析】第五句中calmlycalm考查形容词。remain calm保持镇静。7.【解析】第六句中athe考查冠词。根据语境可知这里表示特指。8.【解析】第七句中usyou考查代词。根据your teacher可知,此处要用第二人称you。9.【解析】第八句中去掉when考查连词。如果你注意到有人失踪。根据句意可知when是多余的。10.【解析】第八句中andor考查连词。有人失踪或受伤。如果用and逻辑意思不通。(2014大纲版全国卷)第一节短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。对标有题号的每一行作出判断:如无错误,在该行右边横线上画一个勾();如有错误(每行只有一个错误),则按下列情况改正:此行多一个词:把多余的词用斜线()划掉,在该行右边横线上写出该词,并也用斜线划掉。此行缺一个词:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(),在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。此行错一个词:在错的词下划一横线(_),在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。注意:原行没有错的不要改。76.【解析】。77.【解析】meanmeans。此句的主语是understanding不是friends,所以谓语用单数形式。78.【解析】trustingtrust。trust是动词,与have并列。79.【解析】himthem。此处指两个朋友,所以用them。80.【解析】去掉to。make表示“使,让”,后面接宾语补足语时,用省略to的不定式。81.【解析】reallyreal。此处需要用形容词修饰名词friendship。82.【解析】should后面加be。be able to是固定搭配。83.【解析】thatas。此处是as.as.的用法。84.【解析】forfrom。learn from sb.表示“向某人学习”。85.【解析】butand。此处前后之间是并列关系。(2014新课标全国卷短文改错)第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线(_)，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。Nearly five years before,and with the help by our father,my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes(圣女果)in our back garden.Since thenfor all these yearwe had been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please.As result,the plants are growing somewhere.The fruits are small in size,but juicy and taste.There are so much that we often share them with our neighbors.Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year,but we have never had any disease or insect attack problems.We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost!答案:1.【解析】第一句中before改为ago。一段时间和before连用的时候常常用完成时。一段时间和ago连用,常常用过去时。2.【解析】第一句中by改为of。根据固定搭配:with the help of.“在的帮助下”,可知不用介词by。3.【解析】第二句中year改为years。本句前面的形容词these常常修饰可数名词复数形式,所以使用名词years。4.【解析】第二句中had改为have。本句的时间状语是all these years,通常和现在完成进行时连用。所以使用have been doing的形式。5.【解析】第三句中的result前加不定冠词a。根据固定搭配as a result“结果是”,可知原文中的result前缺少了不定冠词a。6.【解析】第三句中的somewhere改为everywhere。根据上下文可知我们让圣女果自己繁殖,所以到处长的都是圣女果。7.【解析】第四句中的taste改为tasty。本句中juicy和tasty都是形容词且与前面的small一样都和系动词are构成系表结构。因此此处应用tasty。8.【解析】第五句中的much改为many。本句中的many指代可数名词cherry tomatoes复数形式,所以不能使用much修饰。9.【解析】第六句中的but去掉或改为yet。连词although不能和but连用,因为这两个词都是连词,由于although置于句子的开头,如果去掉although会涉及首字母大写,因此去掉连词but或者把but改为副词yet。10.【解析】第七句中的wonderfully改为wonderful。修饰后面的名词tomatoes,应该用形容词形式。 (2014新课标全国卷短文改错)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处,每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(),并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改:在错的词下画一横线(_),并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。My dream school starts at 8:30 a.m.and ends at 3:30 p.m.They are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon.We didnt need to do so many homework.Therefore,we have more time with after-school activities.For example,we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day.My dream school look like a big garden.There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings.We can lie on the grass for a rest,or sat by the lake listening music.The teachers here are kind and helpfully.They are not only our teachers but also our friends.答案:1.【解析】第二句的TheyThere。此处是there be句型,表示上午有三节课,下午有两节课。2.【解析】第三句的didntdont。根据上下文可知,此处用一般现在时。3.【解析】第三句的manymuch。many修饰名词的复数形式或集体名词,much修饰不可数名词,homework是不可数名词,所以用much。4.【解析】第四句的withfor。此处用for表示目的。此处指我们有更多的时间进行课外活动。5.【解析】第五句的第一个hourhours。此处指一个半小时,所以用hour的复数形式。6.【解析】第六句的looklooks。句子的主语是单数形式,所以谓语也用第三人称单数,根据上下文用一般现在时,所以用looks。7.【解析】去掉第七句flowers前面的the。all kinds of后面直接跟名词,名词前面不加冠词。8.【解析】第八句的satsit。此处sit和前面的lie是并列关系。9.【解析】第八句的listening后面加to。listen是不及物动词,其后面加to才能再接宾语。10.【解析】第九句的helpfullyhelpful。此处需要用形容词作表语,和kind构成并列关系。二、信息匹配七选五六选五(2014辽宁卷七选五)Eyesight plays a very important role in our daily life. Every waking moment, the eyes are working to see the world around us. Over forty percent of Americans worry about losing eyesight, but its easy to include steps into our daily life to ensure healthy eyes. Here are five suggestions for a lifetime of healthy eyesight:Schedule yearly exams.36Experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age to the doctor for a careful check. The good news is that millions of children now can have yearly eye exams and following treatment, including eyeglasses.Protect against UV rays(紫外线).Long-term stay in the sun creates risk to your eyes. No matter what the season is, its extremely important to wear sunglasses.37Give your eyes a break. Two-thirds of Americans spend up to seven hours a day using computers or other digital products.38Experts recommend that people practice the 20/20/20 rule: every 20 minutes, take a 20-second break and look at something 20 feet away.39As part of a healthy diet, eat more fruits and vegetables each day. Vitamins(维生素)C and E help protect eyesight and promote eye health.Practice safe wear and care of contact lenses(隐形眼镜).Many Americans use contact lenses to improve their eyesight. While some follow the medical guidance for wearing contact lenses, many are breaking the rules and putting their eyesight at risk.40Otherwise, you may have problems such as red eyes, pain in the eyes, or a more serious condition.A.Eat your greens.B.Eye care should begin early in life.C.They can properly protect your eyes.D.Stay in good shape by taking more vitamins.E.Parents usually dont care about their own eyesight.F.Always follow the doctors advice for appropriate wear.G.This frequent eye activity increases the risk for eye tiredness.36.【解析】选B。根据下文中出现的Experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age to the doctor for a careful check.可知,保护眼睛要从小开始。而B项恰好表达此含义。37.【解析】选C。空格前面提到No matter what the season is,its extremely important to wear sunglasses.而C选项中的they正是指代sunglasses。且与C选项中的protect your eyes相一致。38.【解析】选G。此段主要讲述保护眼睛要遵循20/20/20 rule。空格前提到的Two-thirds of Americans spend up to seven hours a day using computers or other digital products.与G选项中的this frequent eye activity指代一致。39.【解析】选A。根据空格后的表述可知,此段主要讲述保护眼睛还要注意饮食。A项正是本段的中心。40.【解析】选F。本段主要讲述保护眼睛要遵循医嘱,否则会使得视力出现问题,F项讲述的内容与本段话题一致。(2014浙江卷七选五)第二节: 下面文章中有5个段落需要添加首句(第6165题)。请从以下选项(A、B、C、D、E和F)中选出适合各段落的首句,并在答题纸上将相应选项的标号涂黑。选项中有一项是多余选项。A.Be a good listener.B.Care about the details.C.Strike up a conversation.D.Make time for friendships.E.Reach out to the newcomers.F.Avoid causing inconveniences.Develop Better Relationships with NeighborsGood neighbors are a lot like electricity or running water:we dont know how much we depend on them until we dont have them.They make our lives more pleasant and give us a sense of who we are,both as an individual and as a member of the community.Heres how to develop your relationships with these very important people in your life.61.Often neighbors dont even know each others names.But its okay to be the one to break the ice,even if youve lived next door for years.Most neighbors enjoy making small talk with the folks on the other side of the fence.So as you see them at work in their yards,smile,wave,and say hello.Ask how their kids are(whether theyre babies or in college),whether they could use an extra cucumber from your garden,or what they think of the prices at the local supermarket.62.These days,the old Welcome Wagon is a thing of the past.But your new neighbors maybe feeling lonely and unsure,especially if theyre far from home,and might appreciate a friendly face bearing fresh-baked chocolate cakes.If they have kids,tell them where the children in the neighborhood live.Recommend the best places to eat and shop.Invite them over for coffee or tea when they get settled,give them your number,and point to your house as you say good-bye.63.Return anything that you borrow from a neighbor,such as tools,in good repair and as soon as youve finished with them.Replace anything that belongs to your neighbor that you,your children,or your pets break or soil.Make sure that your car is not blocking their doorway.Such random acts of consideration will have your neighbors talkingand the talk will be good.64.If you value a friendship with your neighbors,spend time with them.What better way to meet your neighbors than to invite them to an informal barbecue,pool party,or holiday open house?Better yet,you might even consider throwing a get-together in their honor.Deliver the invitations in person to everyone who lives on your street and chat with each for five minutes before moving on to the next house.This way,you will get an idea of what your neighbors are like so that you can plan for appropriate food and music.65.In a good relationship,its really the little things that count.Help to bring in the mail for the elderly neighbor when there is a heavy rain.When your neighbor forgets to take in his rubbish cans, roll them back into his yard. If youre truly concerned, youll know when your neighbor needs some cheering upa bunch of flowers or a helping hand when its needed. All it takes to develop your relationship with neighbors is the respect for their feelings.61.【解析】选C。本段主要讲述和邻居们开启“破冰之旅”,故C项正确。62.【解析】选E。本段主要讲述和新邻居之间的相处问题,故E项“接触新朋友”正确。63.【解析】选F。本段主要讲述不要给邻居们造成麻烦,尽可能给对方提供方便,故F项正确。64.【解析】选D。本段主要讲述“要和邻居之间有相处的时间”,花一定的时间和邻里之间好好相处,故D项正确。65.【解析】选B。本段主要讲述在和邻里之间进行相处的过程中要特别注意细节问题。故B项正确。 (2014陕西高考)根据短文内容,从下框的AF选项中选出能概括每一段主题的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余项。A.Real winners of tourismB.Negative effects of tourismC.Growing tourism in the worldD.Developing tourism with cautionE.Benefits to the locals from tourismF.Tourism problems and possible solutions61.On the Mediterranean island of Majorca in Spain, the locals are angry. Too late. In the last quarter of the 20th century, they obtained profit from foreign visitors wanting to buy up property on their beautiful island. Suddenly, it occurred to Majorcans that the island no longer belonged to them. Its 630,000 inhabitants(居民)are increasingly convinced that the 14 million visitors a year are far too much of a good thing. Water is in short supply, pollution is worsening, and there is no affordable housing left for them to buy.62.Tourism is the worlds largest and fastest growing industry.In 1950,25 million people traveled abroad;last year it was 750 million.The World Tourism Organization predicts that 1.6 billion people,by 2020,will travel each year,spending over two trillion(万亿)US dollars.63.The host country may not see many benefits.In Thailand,60% of the $4 billion annual tourism income leaves the country.Tourists arranged by travel companies tend to stay at big foreign-owned hotels,buying few local products.Mass tourism(团队旅游)usually leaves little money inside the country and most of the money goes to the airlines,the tour operators,and the foreign hotel owners,who are the final winners of tourism.64.These days the industrys most urgent question may be how to control the flow of tourists.A typical example of this is Italy,where great cultural centers like the Florence and Venice cant handle all the tourists they get every summer.In Florence,its half million inhabitants have to live with the pollution,traffic jam,and crime caused by 11 million visitors a year.Now theres talk about how to solve these problems,like raising hotel taxes,or even charging admission to some public squares.The idea is to discourage at least some visitors,as well as to pay for cleaning up the mess.65.For many poorer countries,tourism may still offer the best hope for development.The Vietnamese are doing their best to open up their country.Libya has paid $ 1 million for a study.They all want tourists.Yet if something isnt done,tourism seems certain to become the victim of its own success.Its effect on the environment is a major concern.For this reason,tourist organizations need to have second thoughts about what exactly they are trying to sell.答案: 6165.BCAFD(2014四川卷)第二节根据对话内容,从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项多余选项。(共5小题;每小题2分,共10分)Mary:Mike,how do I look in these blue jeans?Mike:51They really suit you,Mary!Mary:Thanks,you know,these kinds of jeans are in style now.Mike:52Mary:I mean.they are very popular these days;everyone is wearing them!Mike:You are great at keeping up with fashions.Mary:Well,53Mike:Perhaps you can help me pick out a pair of jeans now,since you are an expert.Mary:54I would be happy to help you with your fashion change!Mike:55A.Wow,great!B.No problem!C.See you then.D.Any suggestions?E.I am a girl after all.F.What do you mean?G.Thank you so much!答案:5155.AFEBG(2014北京卷)根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Evaluating Sources(来源)of Health InformationMaking good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation. A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look c