Unit19-20英语国家社会与文化入门.ppt

Unit 19 WHISTLE-BLOWERS P. 297 Par 1 The pluralist theory of power Transparency and accountability透明度，责任制 . Citizens have the right to be informed about the way in which the country is being governed. P. 298 Par 1 The elite theory of power A small group of people can control and manipulate resources, ideas, and information to stay in power. P. 297 Par 2 and 3 The elite might be a political, economic or knowledge elite. P. 297 Par 3 Ordinary people may be uninformed, politically passive, and easily distracted from key issues. P. 298 Par 5 Why was the role of the government increased from the 1880s to the 1980s? 1. Expansion of education, health, and social welfare services 2. Social security programs 3. Regulation of business 4. More complex legal systems P. 298 Par 7 A move away from “interventionism”. Rejection of “mixed economny” to a “competitive state”从混合经济到竞争经济 P. 299 Par 2 Changes 1. financial deregulation 2. privatization of public services 3. end of centralized wage fixing 4. cuts in public sector P. 299 Par 5 Contradiction of bureaucracy and citizenship: Minister: appointed by prime minister, or elected, not experts, at a disadvantage Department heads: appointed and promoted as experts, experienced P. 200 Par 1 Lack of clarity between policy decision- making and administrative decision-making 部长：政策 局长、处长：执行办法 Example: Reduce domestic violence P. 200 Par 4 A relatively inexperienced minister may be influenced through his Head of Departments administrative expertise. P. 300 Par 5 bureaucratic ascendancy权力集中 Contradiction between bureaucracy and citizenship The search for equality of the redistributive kind breeds bureacracy; bureaucracy breeds authority; and autority undermines the equality which bred it. P. 301 Par 1-4 A study of power 1. Fathers of elite persons have high social status; 2. Three core elite groups: politicians, public servants, businessmen; 3. The three groups disagreed among themselves. P. 301 Par 5 Self-recruiting elite: They are the same in: maintaining their power. P. 301 Par 7 Recent changes Ministers appoint their own expert advisers; The bureaucratic authority gained through permanency has been undermined. P. 302 Par 2 The tension between democracy and bureaucracy has not really disappeared. P. 302 Par 6 Whistle-blower Experts or common people who try to expose problems within the government. P. 303 Par 3 Elite theorists conceptualize ordinary people as an ill-informed mass, - easily swayed by media distortions of political information. P. 303 Par 4 Examples of whistle-blowers Nurses: mistreatment of patients; Intelligence officer: wrong interpretation of information; Army officer: wrong doings in East Timor P. 304 Par 1-2 How are the whistle-blowers treated？ Ignored Vilified Harassed Demoted Denigrated P. 304 Par 3 Thus, the recurring patterns of bureaucratic responses to whistle-blowers would indicate some support for the elitist theory, as the whistle-blower syndrome makes it difficultfor people to accomplish their reponsibilities as citizens. Unit 20 RACISM AND PLURALISM P. 311 Par 1 Australia from outright racism to current multiculturalism P. 312 Par 1 Where did most immigrants come from during the middle of the 19th century? P. 312 Par 2-4 Who were subjected to most serious discrimination in the 19th century? P. 312 Par 5 What is the White Australia Policy? Why was Welsh or Gaelic used? P. 313 Par 1 By 1947, about how many people had British background? P. 313 Par 2 What is “assisted migration”? Who were “assisted”? P. 313 Par 6 Why were a series of non-discriminatory programs introduced? P. 314 Par 1-3 What does “multiculturalism” mean? (culture, social justice, economy) P. 314 Par 5 Why did Pauline Hanson oppose multiculturalism? P. 314 Par 5 Why did Pauline Hanson oppose multiculturalism? P. 314 Par 8 Why did the left side also criticize multipluralist programs? P. 316 Par 1-3 What are the first 3 stages in the relationship between the colonizers and the Peoples of the Dreaming? Expropriation, segregation, assimilation P. 316 Par 5 What name did the colonizers give the native people? P. 317 Par 1 What was the 4th stage in the colonizer- native relationship? P. 317 Par 2 Why did the 100 Koori people demonstrate? P. 317 Par 5 In 1946, what was the result of the Aboriginal stockmens strike? P. 318 Par 2 What was the cause of the Gurindji peoples strike? P. 318 Par 3 What was “white support”? P. 319 Par 4-5 Who was Mabo? What was “terra nulius”? Why was the Mabo case of great significance? P. 3