深圳牛津版最新九年级(下) 课文 (带翻译).docx

初三（下）课文（翻译）13Unit 1 课文（翻译）Great explorationseksplre()n探索郑和下西洋The voyages vd 航行of Zheng He郑和是中国著名的探险家。1405，他发起了中国七大航海史上的第一次。这比哥伦布第一次航行发现美洲新大陆早了近一个世纪。他的旅行是如此重要，人们至今仍然研究。Zheng He was a famous Chinese explorer. In 1404, he set off 出发from China on the first of seven great voyages vd 航行. This was nearlynl差不多 a century sentr 世纪before Christopherkrstf(r) Columbusklmbs first set sail启航 on his journeydn旅途 of discoverydskv()r发现 to America. His travels were so important that they are still studied today.郑和 1371 出生于云南，后来成为明朝永乐皇帝可信任的官员。皇帝下令郑造访并探索中国以外的土地，他的任务是发展关系，建立与国外贸易通道。Zheng He was born in Yunnan in 1371. He rose to 升迁；上升到become a trusted受信任的 official f()l官员 of the Yongle Emperoremp()r皇帝 of the Ming Dynastydansti朝代. The emperor ordered Zheng He to visit and explorekspl; ek-探索 the lands outside China. His tasktsk任务 was to develop relationsdvelp发展关系 and set up建立 tradetred贸易 routesrut路线；航线 with foreign countries. 在短短几年内，他建造船舶组成了一支庞大的舰队，是当时世界上最大的。这些船被称为宝船，它们大到足以承载25,000 人以及非常多的货物。In a few years, he built a great fleet flit 舰队of ships, the biggest in the world at that time. The ships were known as 被称作treasuretre财宝 ships. They were big enough to carry 25,000 people as well as 以及；还very large quantities ofkwntti大量的 goods货物.从 1405 年至 1433 年，郑和前后共进行了七次远游，并参观了东南亚，中东，甚至非洲的东海岸。看上去没有哪能远到他们去不了的地方。这些航行使得中国通过贵重物品如黄金、白银和丝绸进行贸易。From 1405 to 1433, Zheng He went on seven trips and visited South-East Asiae亚洲, the Middle East and even the east coastkst海岸 of Africa. It seemed that nowhere was too far for him to visit. These voyagesvd航行 allowed China to tradetred交易 valuablevljb()l贵重的 goods like gold, silverslv银 and silkslk丝绸. 每次航次结束，郑和返回时都带回在中国从没见过的很多东西，譬如来自非洲的长颈鹿。除了发展贸易，航行也带动了文化和技术的交流，帮助了这些国家和地区的发展。At the end of each voyage, Zheng He returned with many things that were seen in China for the first time, such as a giraffedr:f长颈鹿 from Africafrk非洲. Besidesbsadz除了 developing trade发展贸易, the voyages also encouragednkrd; en-鼓励 the exchangekstend交换 of culturesklt文化 and technologiesteknld技术. They helped the developmentdvelpm()nt发展 of those countries and regionsrid()n地区.1433 年，郑和在他最后一次航行中去世了。然而，他的航行成就是如此巨大，人们仍然铭记他，视他为开拓世界各地不同民族之间文化交流的先驱。Zheng He died in 1433 during his last voyagevd航行. However, his voyages were such a huge achievement tivm()nt 成就that people still remember him as a pioneerpan先锋 in opening up开创 cultural klt()r()l 文化的contactskntkt接触；联系 between different peoples around the world.阅读下面的对话和对练吧。注意蓝色的字词。Read the conversationknvse()n交谈；会话 belowbl在下面 and practiceprkts练习 it in pairs两个两个地. Pay attention to 注意the words in blue.嗨，Tony，我今天错过了历史课，你能告诉我学了什么吗？Doris: Hi, Tony. I missed错过 the History lesson today. Can you tell me what you learnt, please?当然可以，我们学了郑和他的航行。Tony: Of course. We learnt about Zheng He and his voyages.对不起，请再说一遍。Doris: Sorry, could you repeatrpit重复 that, please?好的，我们学了郑和他的航行，他用贵重商品，如黄金、白银和丝绸做贸易。Tony: Sure. We learnt about Zheng He and his voyages. He tradedtred 交易valuablevljb()l贵重的 goods货物 like gold, silverslv银 and silkslk丝绸.对不起，我没听清，你说他买卖黄金、白银和？Doris: Sorry, I didnt quite catch明白 you. You said he traded gold, silver and?丝绸，有一次，他甚至带回来一只长颈鹿！Tony: Silk. Oncewns一次；曾经；一旦 he even brought back带回 a giraffedr:f长颈鹿!马可波罗Marco Polo在杭州西湖，有一个旅行者的小雕像，他的名字叫马可波罗。By West Lakelek湖, in the city of Hangzhou, there is a small statuesttu雕像 of a traveler. His name was Marco Polo.马可波罗在威尼斯城长大，在现今的意大利。1271 年，当他 17 岁的时候，他跟随他的父亲和叔叔开始了他的亚洲旅程，并且在长达 24 年中一直没有回家。他的旅程横穿亚洲，沿着丝绸之路，游遍整个中国。他很喜欢杭州，以至于他将其形容为“世界上最好的城市”。Marco Polo grew up长大 in the city of Venicevenis威尼斯, in present-dayprezntdei 当今的Italy. In 1271, when he was 17 years old, he set off出发 on a journey to Asia e 亚洲with his father and uncle, and did not return home until 24 years later. His travels took him acrosskrs横穿 Asia, along the Silk Road and throughoutruat贯穿 China. He loved Hangzhou so much that he described dskrab 描述it as “the finest city in the world”.当马可波罗最终回到威尼斯时，当时有一场战争，他被抓获了。他在监狱里时，他把他的旅行故事告诉了另一个人。这个人把这些故事写成了一本书，取名叫马可波罗游记。因为书中对亚洲生活的精彩描述，很快马可波罗的旅游在欧洲被众所周知了。When Polo finally returned to Venice, there was a warw战争 and he was capturedkpt俘获. While he was in prisonprz()n监狱, he told the stories of his travels to another man there. This man wrote the stories down in a book called The Travels of Marco Polo. Because of the interesting descriptionsdskrp()n描述 of Asianen, en亚洲的 life in the book, Polos travels soon became well known变得著名 in Europejrp欧洲.这些故事让许多欧洲人第一次了解亚洲人民的生活和文化。马可波罗讲到的许多神奇的东西在欧洲是闻所未闻的，如：纸币。他还写了一篇是关于中国的发展，和她的大城市以及通信系统。他的书让欧洲人越来越对东方感兴趣，这也影响了许多其他的探险家，包括克里斯托弗哥伦布。1324 年，马可波罗临死前说的最后一句话是：“我看到的，还有一半没有告诉你们。”The stories gave many Europeansjrpin欧洲人 their first look at the life and cultureklt文化；文明 of the people in Asia. Polo told of many amazingmez 令人惊异的things that were unknown to Europe, such as paper money. He also wrote about Chinas developmentdvelpm()nt发展, with its large cities and systemssstm系统；制度 of communicationkmjunke()n通讯；交流. His book made Europeans more and more interested in the East. It also influencednflns影响 many other explorerseksplr(r)探险家, including nklud 包括Christopher Columbus. Polo died in 1324. His last words were: “I did not tell half of what I saw.”Culture cornerFerdinand MegellanFerdinand Megellan (14801521) was a Portuguese ,ptjgiz; -t- 葡萄牙的explorereksplr(r)探险家. In 1519, he led the first voyage to sailsel航行 around the world. It was also the first voyage to sail from the Atlantictlntk Ocean()n大西洋 to the Pacificpsfk Ocean太平洋. Magellan gave the Pacific Ocean its name, which means “peacefulpisfl; -f()l和平的；平静的 sea” in Portuguese,ptjgiz; -t-葡萄牙语. However, Magellan himself was killed in a battlebt()l战役；斗争 before the voyage was finished. Only one of his ships, the Victoriavktr维多利亚, completedkmplit完成 the journey.Would you like to travel around the world? How would you do it and where would you go?Unit 2 课文（翻译）Cultureklt文化 shockk冲击；休克；震惊在其他国家生活Living in another country我的名字是BradLi。今天我在这里给大家介绍一下我去年作为一个交换学生在美国的经历。My name is Brad Li. Im here today to tell you about my experience as an exchangekstend; eks-交换 student in the United States last year去年.我必须承认，第一次到美国对我来说是一个很大的文化冲击。许多事情对我来说都很怪异：语言，食物，甚至学校。I must admitdmt承认 that at first America was a big culture shockk for me. Many things were strange to me, the food and even the school.我的寄宿家庭是住在一个小镇上。主人家的父母，Hurst先生和夫人都很亲切。他们在我的空闲时间里组织了大量的活动，所以我不会想家或感到孤独。I stayed with a host family寄宿家庭 in a small town. My hosthst主持；主人 parents, Mr and Mrs Hurst, were very kind. They organized rnaz组织a lot of activities ktvt活动for me in my spare timespe空余时间 so that I wouldnt miss home or feel lonely.然而，一定程度上，在美国的生活还是很难习惯。我的主要问题是语言。前几个星期里我很多都听不明白，因为每个人都说得很快。尽管我很快就设法去适应它，还是因为他们用了很多成语而产生了问题。例如：当他们身体不舒服时，他们常说自己是“根据天气”。 他们的日常英语与我们在中国学习的有很大不同。However, to a certain degreedgri 在某种程度上, life in the US was hard to get used to习惯. My mainmen主要的 problem was with the languagelgwd语言. I failed to 未能understand much in the first few weeks because everyone spoke so fast. Though I soon managed tomnd设法，努力 get used to it, I still had problems because they used a lot of idiomsdm成语；习语. For example, they often say they are “under the weather” when they are ill. Their everyday English is very different from what we learn in China.另一个方面是食物。我的寄宿家庭总是吃面包、土豆和沙拉。我真的很想念家里的饺子、米饭和美味佳肴。Another difference was the food. My host family always had bread, potatoes and salad for meals. I really missed the dumplingsdmpl饺子, riceras米饭 and deliciousdls美味的 dishesdiiz菜肴；盘；碟子 from home.学校也是一个很大的冲击。它们不要求学生穿校服，所以学生几乎可以穿任何他们喜欢的衣服。有些学生整的奇怪的发型也是如此，有些甚至把头发染成粉红色或紫色！School was a big shock too. They do not requirerkwa需要；要求 students to wear uniformsjunfm制服, so students can wear almost whatever they like. Some students have strange hairstyleshestal发型 as well也. Some students even have pinkpk粉色的 or purplepp()l紫色的 hair!无论如何，当年我还是有许多美好的回忆的，尤其是冬天在雪地里玩耍，打打棒球。在万圣节，我打扮成哈利波特里的一个角色；在感恩节，我们有一个大火鸡大快朵颐。Anywayenwe不管怎样；总之, I have many great memoriesmem()r记忆 of that year, especiallyspe()l; e-尤其；特别 playing in the snow in winter, and playing baseballbesbl棒球. At Halloweenhlin万圣节, I went to a party dressed as打扮成 Harry Potter. At Thanksgiving,ksv感恩节, we had a big dinner with a huge turkeytk火鸡；笨蛋.这是令人激动的一年，对我来说是宝贵的教育经历。现在，我更多地了解美国文化。我的美国朋友问我了许多关于在中国生活的问题，这让我想起我自己的文化也是如此。It was an exciting year, and it was a valuablevljb()l 珍贵的educationedjke()n教育 for me. Now I understand more about American culture. My American friends asked me many questions about life in China, and this made me think about my own culture as well也.Sam，一名交换生，正在与他的中国老师李老师，讨论美国和中国的节日。阅读他们的对话，两人一组练习，注意蓝色的字词。Sam, an exchangekstend交换 student, is discussing dsks讨论festivalsfestv()l节日 in the US and China with his Chinese teacher, Mr Li. Read their conversationknvse()n交谈；会话 and practiceprkts练习 it in pairs. Pay attention to ten()n 注意the words in blue.Sam，你享受你在中国的第一个春节？Mr Li: Sam, did you enjoy your first Spring Festivalfestv()l春节 in China?是的，我很享受。在这个节日期间，许多家庭成员聚在一起。Sam: Yes, I did. During this festival, many family members memb成员get together聚在一起.是的，我听说在感恩节美国人也聚在一起吃些特殊的食特，这听起来很相似。Mr Li: Yes, I hear that at Thanksgiving,ksv感恩节 Americans also get together for a special mealmil一餐；一顿饭. It sounds similar.是的，挺相似的。在这些节假日，无论是中国人和美国人，都赶回家举行一个很大的晚餐。这很有趣。Sam: Yes. Its similar. During these holidays, both the Chinese and Americans come home and have a big dinner. Its great fun.你认为春节和感恩节之间的主要区别是什么？Mr Li: What do you think are the mainmen主要的 differences between the Spring Festival and Thanksgiving?嗯，我们参加不同的活动，吃不同种类的食物。在中国，人们通常燃放烟花和吃饺子；而在美国，我们通常观看感恩节游行和电视上的美式足球比赛，我们还吃火鸡。Sam: Well, we take part in参加 different activitiesktvt活动 and eat different kinds of food. In China, people usually set off fireworks fawk放烟花and eat dumplingsdmpl饺子. In the US, we usually watch a Thanksgiving paradepred游行；阅兵 and an American football game on TV. We also eat turkeytk火鸡.那很有意思。Mr Li: Thats interesting.Read the articletk()l文章 about education,duken教育 in the UK and discussdsks讨论 the differences between education in the UK and China. Then complete kmplit完成the tableteb()l表格 below.英国的教育Education in the UK在英国，每个孩子都必须接受全日制教育，直到16岁。父母可以选择送子女去公立学校，（这类学校）是免费的，或者去一所私立学校，（这类学校）需要付费。Every child in the UK must receiversiv收到 a full-time 专职的；全日制的education until the age of 16. Parents can choose to send their children either to a state school, which is free, or to a privatepravt私人的 school, where a feefi费用 is requiredrkwa需要；要求.每学年一般分为三个学期。每个学期结束后是假期。暑假是最长的，一般从 7 月中旬持续到 9 月初。The school year is generallyden()rl通常 divided into dvad分成three termstm学期；术语. Each term ends in a holiday. The summer holiday is the longest and usually lasts from the middle of July to the beginning of September.教育主要有两个阶段小学和中学。5 岁至 11 岁是上小学。主要科目是数学，英语，历史，地理，科学，美术，音乐和体育。中学是从 11 岁至 16 岁或 18 岁。授教相同的科目，以及其他科目，如外语（通常是法语，德语或西班牙语）、技术和计算机学。Education has two main stagessted阶段；舞台primary schoolpram()r小学 and secondary schoolsek()nd()r中学. Primary schools are for students from the age of 5 to 11. The main subjectssbdekt科目 are Mathsms数学, English, History, Geographydgrf地理, Science, Art, Music and PE体育. Secondary schools are for students from the age of 11 to 16 or 18. The same subjects are taught there, as well as 以及other subjects such as foreign languages lgwd 外语(usually French, German or Spanishspn西班牙语), Technologyteknld技术 and Computer Studies.16 岁后，学生可以选择找工作或是在学校或学院继续深造，直到他们18 岁。16 到 18 岁，学生只能选择 3 到 4 个科目进行学习。两年（学业）结束后，必须参加一些重要的考试。如果他们考得好，他们就可以上大学学习。英国有超过 100 所大学，最有名的是牛津大学和剑桥大学。After the age of 16, students can either finds a job or continue their studies at a school or collegekld大学 until they are 18. Between the age of 16 and 18, students must choose only three or four subjectssbdekt科目 to study. At the end of the two years, they must take some important exams. If they do well, they can then go on to study at universityjunvst大学. There are over 100 universities in the UK, and the most famous are the University of Oxfordksfd牛津 and the University of Cambridgekembrd剑桥.English around the worldJust like many other languageslgwd语言, there are different varietiesvrat多样；种类 of English, and not everyone speaks English in the same way.The two most important varieties of English are Britishbrt英国的 English and American English. They have many small differences in grammargrm语法 and vocabularyv()kbjlr词汇. For example, the British say “trousers” trazz裤子 while Americans usually say “pants” pn(t)s裤子. However, the biggest difference is in pronunciationpr,nnse()n发音.What other varieties of English do you know about? Do you know how they are different?Unit 3 课文（翻译）The environmentnvarnm()nt; en- 环境世界正处于危险之中The world is in dangerden(d) 危险我们的世界正处于危险之中，我们必须做些什么来保护环境。但是，什么是我们面临的主要问题呢？Our world is in danger. We must do something to protectprtekt保护 the environment. But, what are the mainmen主要的 problems we face?温室效应The greenhousegrinhas温室 effectfekt影响；效果围绕着地球的大气层对一切生物来说，是不可或缺的。它像一个玻璃温室，让阳光照进来并避免热量流失。没有它，地球将会像月亮一样冷冰而且没有生命。The atmospheretmsf大气；气氛 around the Earth is necessaryness()r必需的 for all living things. It is like the glass of a greenhouse, letting sunlightsnlat日光 in and keeping heathit热量 from getting out. Withoutwat没有 it, the Earth would be the same as the Mooncold and lifelesslafls无生命的.当我们燃烧燃料时，如汽油和煤炭，会产生一种叫做二氧化碳的气体。这种气体如果太多，就会对空气造成污染，并使其保持过多的热量。温室效应结果，就是地球的温度增加。这将导致海平面上升，并且未来可能会导致城市的消失。When we burn bn燃烧fuelsfjl燃料 such as petrolpetr()l汽油 and coalkl煤炭, we produceprdjus生产；产生 a gas gs气体called carbonkb()n碳 dioxidedaksad二氧化物. Too much of this gas pollutesplut污染 the atmospheretmsf大气, and causeskz引起；原因 it to keep in too much heat. As a result of rzlt 结果the greenhouse effect, the Earths temperaturetemp()rt温度 is increasingnkris增加. This causes kz引起；原因sea level lev()l 海平面to riseraz上升, and in the future在未来 may cause cities to disappeardsp消失.砍伐森林Cutting down砍伐 forestsfrst森林每年，我们都乱砍乱伐毁掉大面积的自然森林。这导致温室效应更加糟糕，因为树木能吸收二氧化碳产生氧气。乱砍乱伐还破坏了生活在森林的动物的家园，并造成土壤表面水土流失。这可能导致洪水泛滥，对环境造成更大的危害。Every year, we destroydstr破坏 nature by cutting down hugehjud巨大的 areaser地区；区域 of forests. This makes the greenhouse effect worse because trees take in 吸收CO2 （carbonkb()n dioxidedaksad ）and produceprdjus生产 oxygenksd()n氧气. Cutting down trees also destroysdstr破坏 the homes of the animals that live in our forests, and causes kz 引起the surfacesfs表面 of the soilsl土地；土壤 to be easily destroyed by rain. This can result in 导致floodsfld洪水 and even more damagedmd损害；损毁 to the environmentnvarnm()nt; en-环境.陋习Bad habitshbt 习惯我们的很多（坏）习惯造成污染。人们经常使用一次性的东西，或者把它们扔在地上形成垃圾。这将导致垃圾堆积如山，污染我们的土地和海洋。Many of our habits causekz引起 pollutionplu()n污染. People often use things once and then throw them away扔掉, or leave them on the groundgrand地面 as作为 litterlt垃圾. This createskriet创造；造成；创作 mountains of 大量的rubbish rb 垃圾and pollutes plut 污染our land and seas.为了保护环境，我们必须采取适当的措施。我们应该有别于某些消费者，而成为“绿色消费者”。 这意味着，我们应该只购买和使用对环境无害的产品。很多东西我们还应该尽我们所能进行回收，可以再重复使用，或者将其用于新用途。只要我们学会以一种新的方式生活，我们是可以有所作为的。In order to 为了protect the environmentnvarnm()nt环境, we need to take properprp action采取合适的行动. We should be different from 不同于many consumersknsjum消费者 and become “green consumers”. This means that we should only buy and use productsprdkt产品 friendly to the environmentnvarnmnt环境. We should also recyclerisak()l重复利用 as many things as we can. We can reuserijuz再使用 things for the same purposepps目的 as before, or we can use them for new purposes. If we just learn to live in new and different ways, we can make a difference有影响.阅读下面的对话并结伴练习，注意蓝色的字词。Read the conversationknvse()n对话 belowbl下面地 and practiceprkts练习 it in pairs两个两个地. Pay attention to 注意the words in blue.你有没有注意到最近城里的空气非常差？Amy: have you noticesnts注意 that the air in the city is very dirtydt脏的 recentlyrisntl最近?是的，我注意到了。我很担心，因为雾霾使很多人难以呼吸。Kevin: Yes, I have. Im worried about 担心that because the smokesmk烟 makes it difficult for any people to breathebri呼吸.我担心污浊的空气可能会使一些年幼的孩子生病。Amy: Im concerned knsnd 关心的；担心的that the dirty air might make some young children ill.我也是。我认为我们应该倡导人们更多地乘坐公共交通出行。Kevin: Me too. I think we should ask people to use public transporttrnsprt公共交通 more often.一个塑料瓶的旅程The journeydn旅行 of a plasticplstk 塑料的bottle我是一个塑料瓶。一个星期前，我在一家超市货架上。同我所有的兄弟姐妹其他装满水的瓶子一样，有一个正常的生活。我觉得真开心。I am a plastic bottle. A week ago, I was on a supermarket supmkt; sju-超市shelfelf架子. I had a normalnm()l正常的 life, the same as all my brothers and s