虚拟语气详解及练习附答案.doc

虚拟语气1） 概念 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。2） 在条件句中的应用 条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。1 真实条件句真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中 if 是如果的意思。 时态关系句型： 条件从句 主句 一般现在时 shall/will + 动词原形If he comes, he will bring his violin.典型例题The volleyball match will be put off if it _.A.will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。注意：1） 在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will.(错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.(对) If you leave now, you will never regret it.2） 表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall (will) +动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。2 非真实条件句1）时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。a. 同现在事实相反的假设。句型 ： 条件从句主句 一般过去时should( would) +动词原形 If they were here, they would help you.b. 表示于过去事实相反的假设。句型： 条件从句 主句过去完成时 should(would) have+ 过去分词 If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded. The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful. If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going. If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it. 含义：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it. If he had not been ill and missed many classes, he would have made greater progress. 含义： He was ill and missed many lessons, so he did not make greater progress.c. 表示对将来的假想句型： 条件从句 主句 一般过去时 should+ 动词原形 were+ 不定式 would + 动词原形 should+ 动词原形If you succeeded, everything would be all right.If you should succeed, everything would be all right.If you were to succeed, everything would be all right. 3 混合条件句 主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. （从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在).4 虚拟条件句的倒装虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。 Were they here now, they could help us.=If they were here now, they could help us. Had you come earlier, you would have met him=If you had come earlier, you would have met him. Should it rain, the crops would be saved.=Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.注意： 在虚拟语气的从句中，动词be的过去时态一律用were，不用was， 即在从句中be用were代替。 If I were you, I would go to look for him. 如果我是你，就会去找他。 If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。典型例题_ to do the work, I should do it some other day.A. If were I B. I wereC. Were ID. Was I 答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Werent I to do.5 特殊的虚拟语气词：should1） It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should 加动词原形， should 可省略。句型：(1)suggestedIt is (2)importantthat+ (should) do(3) a pity(1)suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted； + (should) do (2)important, necessary, natural, strangea pity, a shame, no wonder(3)It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next week. It is necessary that he (should) come to our meeting tomorrow.2）在宾语从句中的应用在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + (should) do I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. He insisted that he (should ) be sent there.注意： 如suggest, insist不表示建议 或坚持要某人做某事时，即它们用于其本意暗示、表明、坚持认为时，宾语从句用陈述语气。 The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.判断改错:（错）You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill. (对) Your pale face suggests that you are ill. (错) I insisted that you ( should) be wrong. (对) I insisted that you were wrong.3）在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用在suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。 My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference. I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.6 wish的用法1）用于wish后面的从句，表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为： 真实状况wish后 从句动作先于主句动词动作现在时过去时（be的过去式为 were） 从句动作与主句动作同时发生过去时过去完成时（had + 过去分词）将来不大可能实现的愿望将来时would/could +动词原形I wish I were as tall as you.我希望和你一样高。He wished he hadnt said that. 他希望他没讲那样的话。I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。2）Wish to do表达法。 Wish sb / sth to do I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager. I wish the manager to be informed at once. (= I want the manager to be informed at once.)7 比较if only与only ifonly if表示只有；if only则表示如果就好了。If only也可用于陈述语气。I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。If only the alarm clock had rung.当时闹钟响了，就好了。If only he comes early.但愿他早点回来。8 It is (high) time that It is (high) time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。 It is time that the children went to bed. It is high time that the children should go to bed.9 need 不必做和本不该做didnt need to do表示： 过去不必做某事, 事实上也没做。.neednt have done表示： 过去不必做某事, 但事实上做了。John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she didnt need to walk back home. 约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她不必步行回家了。John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she neednt have walked back home. 约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她本不必步行回家了。 (Mary步行回家，没有遇上John的车。)典型例题There was plenty of time. She _. A. mustnt have hurried B. couldnt have hurriedC. must not hurry D. neednt have hurried答案D。neednt have done. 意为本不必，即已经做了某事，而时实际上不必要。Mustnt have done 用法不正确，对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为couldnt have done, 不可能已经。 must not do 不可以（用于一般现在时）。The exercises for subjunctive mode1. He acted _ he had never lived in China before. a. as though b. even if c. as d. since2. _ to the doctor right away, he might have been alive. a. If he went b. Were he gone c. Should he have gone d. Had he gone3. If you were older, I _ you to go there yesterday. a. will allow b. should allow c. would have allowed d. had allowed4. The secretary suggested that they _ the men in at once. a. had brought b. should have brought c. brought d. bring5. I wish I _ able to tell him all about it last night. a. was b. were c. had been d. should be6. If we _ here ten minutes earlier, we _ the bus. a. arrived/would catch b. arrived/would have caught c. had arrived/had caught d. had arrived/would have caught7. If I _ more time, I would have gone with him. a. had b. had had c. have had d. would have8. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he _ to the meeting. a. would come b. came c. would have come d. had come9. The Jade Emperor ordered that the Monkey King _ right away. a. would be arrested b. must be arrested c. be arrested d. had to be arrested10. Janes uncle insisted _ in this hotel any longer. a. not staying b. not to stay c. that he not stay d. staying not11. Dont touch the sleeping tiger. If he woke up, he _ you. a. would come to b. would come at c. would have come toward d. will come to12. Without electricity human life _ quite different today. a. is b. will be c. would have been d. would be13. How I wish I _ to reapair the watch! I only made it worse. a. had tried b. hadnt tried c. have tried d. didnt try14. He demanded that the laboratory report _ immediately after the experiment was done. a. was written b. be written c. must be written d. would be written15. The man insisted that he _ there. a. should send b. would be sent c. sent d. be sent16. If he had not gone out in the storm _. a. he will be alive now b. he would be alive now c. he would have been alive now17. If it _ tomorrow, what would we do?a. rains b. were to rain c. would rain d. rain18. It is required that you _ at six. a. will arrive b. arrive c. arrived d. would arrive19. If only I _ how to operate an electronic computer as you do. a. had known b. would know c. should know d. knew20. He spoke in a quiet, distinct voice, as though his thought _. a. was far away b. had been far away c. were far away d. went far away. 21. If it _ rain, we _ get wet. a. is to, should b. were to, would c. were going to, would d. was going to, should22. If he _ to the teacher attentively, he _ the answer to the problem now. a. had listened, would have known b. listened, would know c. listened, would have known d. had listened, would know23. But for the party, he _ of hunger 30 years ago. a. would have died b. would die c. must have died d. must die24. _ today, he would got there for holiday. a. Was he leaving b. Were he to leave c. Would he leave d. If he leaves25. I would have come earlier, but I _ that you were waiting for me. a. didnt know b. hadnt know c. would have known d. havent known26. Its high time that we _ to school. a. would to b. went c. go d. will go27. It seems as if it _ rain. a. will b. is going to c. is to d. were going to28. Id rather you _ right away. a. leave b. left c. will leave d. to leave29. He is working hard for fear that he _. a. fails b. failed c. would fail d. fail30. It is really strange that the girl _ so early. a. has been married b. has married c. be married d. would marry31. Supposing I _ this gift, what would he say? a. accept b. accepted c. should accept d. would accept32. The teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students _ two weeks to prepare for the exam. a. give b. should give c. be given d. would be given33. I was busy yesterday, otherwise I _ your birthday party. a. attended b. had attended c. would attend d. would have attended34. He insisted that he _ me before. a. see b. should see c. had seen d. saw35. The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years. a. were b. would be c. have been d. had been36. We _ our lives had it not been for the policeman. a. would have lost b. should lose c. might lose d. could have lost37. - I thought you would come back tomorrow. - I would if I _ to attend a meeting. a. dont have b. didnt have c. will not have d. would not have38. He wishes _ mistakes. a. he doesnt always make b. he isnt always making c. he didnt always make d. he wouldnt always making39. It _ very nice if only it were possible. a. will be b. would be c. is d. were40. Without your help, our team _ the last match. a. wont win b. will lose c. wouldnt have won d. cant win41. I wish _ I what to do. a. knew b. have known c. know d. would know42. _, I would take an umbrella with me. a. Had I been you b. I were you c. Were I you d. I had been you43. If I had hurried, I _ the train. a. would catch b. could catch c. would have caught d. had caught44. He insisted that John _ it. a. do b. does c. did d. would do45. It is high time we _ off. a. are b. were c. be d. will be46. He felt as if he _ more time to study for the test. a. needs b. were needed c. needed d. need47. It is important that I _ with Mr. Willians immediately. a. speak b. spoke c. will speak d. to speak48. James wishes he _ the football game instead of the film. a. saw b. see c. had been seen d. had seen49. I wish _. a. he left b. he leaves me alone c. he be left d. he would leave me alone50. If I had known that, I _ so. a. wouldnt do b. wouldnt have done c. wont do d. have not done51. The doctor suggested that she _. a. will not smoke b. not smoke c. would not smoke d. did not smoke52. If I _ you, I wouldnt return the call. a. be b. am c. was d. were53. You talk as if you _ there. a. were really b. has really been c. had really been d. would really be54. He suggested that the work _ at once. a. would started b. would be started c. should started d. should be started55. It is strange that such a thing _ in your school. a. will happen b. happen c. should happen d. happened56. It is imperative that you _ on time. a. are b. will be c. be d. would be57. I didnt go to the party, but I do wish I _ there. a. was b. were c. had been d. went58. It is time we _ up our results. a. sum b. summed c. will sum d. would sum59. If the doctor had been available, the child _. a. would not die b. would not have died c. could not die d. could not have died60. Dr. Bethune worked hard as if he _. a. never had felt tired b. had never felt tired c. never felt tired d. was tired never61. I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I _ the book from which it was made. a. have read b. had read c. should have read d. am reading62. You are late. If you _ a few minutes earlier, you _ him. a. came/ would meet b. had come/ would have met c. come/ will meet d. had come/ would met63. I wish my husband _ as well as yours. a. had dressed b. dress c. will dress d. dressed64. Edison kept phosphorus carefully in a bottle lest it _. a. would burn b. burned c. was burning d. should burn65. He looked as if he _ ill for a long time. a. was b. were c. has been d. had been66. If the doctor had come earlier, the poor child _. a. would not have been lied there for two hours b. would not have laid there for two hours c. would not have lied there for two hours d. would not have lain there for two hours67. I wish that I _ with you last night. a. went b. could go c. have gone d. could have gone68. Lets say you could go there again, how _ feel? a. will you b. should you c. would you d. do you69. Mr. Brown left for London long ago. Thats pity. I wish _. a. I meet him. b. Ill have met him c. Id had met him d. Id meet him70. I cant stand him. He always talks as though he _ everything. a. knew b. knows c. has known d. had known71. I wish I _. a. will tell him that b. didnt tell him that c. told him not that d. had not told him that72. If you had told me in advance, I _ him at the airport. a. would meet b. would had meet c. would have met d. would have meet73. Kunar can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he _ me how. a. teaches b. will teach c. has taught d. would teach74. I would have told him the answer had it been possible but I _ so busy then. a. had been b. were c. was d. would be75. I wish I _ able to tell him all about it last night. a. should be b. were c. had been d. was76. If it _ another ten minutes, the game would have been called off. a. had rained b. would had rained c. have seen c. did see77. He suggested that they _ use a trick instead of fighting. a. should b. would c. do d. had78. My father did not go to New York; the doctor suggested that he _ there. a. not went b. wont go c. not go d. not to go79. I would have gone to the meeting if I _ time. a. had had b. have had c. had d. would have had80. John wished _. a. he will study more b. he had studied more c. he studies d. he wont have studied more81. You look so tired tonight. It is time you _. a. go to sleep b. went to sleep c. go to bed d. went to bed82. “Why didnt you buy a new car?” “I would have bought one if I _ enough money. ” a. had b. have had c. would have d. had had83. I recommended that the student _ his composition as soon as possible. a. finishing writing b. should finish the writing c. finish writing d. finished writing84. If she could sew, _. a. she make a dress b. she would have made a shirt c. she will make a shirt d. she would had made a coat85. _ today, he would get there by Friday. a. Would he leave b. Was he leaving c. Were he to leave d. If he leaves86. His doctor suggested that he _ a short trip abroad. a. will take b. would take c. take d. took87. The Bakers arrived last night, if theyd only let us know earlier, _ at the station. a. wed meet them b. well meet them c. wed have met them d. weve met them88. If I _ you, I _ more attention to English idioms and phrases. a. was/ shall pay b. am/ will pay c. would be/ would pay d. were/ would pay89. We might have failed if you _ us a helping hand. a. have not given b. would not give c. had not given d. did not give90. The Law requires that everyone _ his car checked at least once a year. a. has b. had c. have d. will have91. I wish _ I busy yesterday; I could have helped you with the problem. a. hadnt been b. werent c. wasnt d. have not been92. Had I known her name, _. a. or does she know mine? b. and where does she live? c. she would be beautiful d. I would have invited her to lunch93. He has just arrived, but he talks as if he _