城市污水处理厂设计毕业设计.docx

毕 业 设 计 开 题 报 告 题目：120000m3/d城市污水处理厂设计 完成期限： 2014年2月1日至 2014年6月1日 学院名称 环境工程学院 专业班级 环境11002 一、课题本次设计的课题为日处理污水量为120000m3/d城市污水处理厂的设计。处理城镇污水水质为：CODCr：300mg/L ，BOD5 ：140mg/L ， SS：200mg/L ， NH4+-N：25mg/L，TP ：4mg/L.要求达到的出水水质：CODCr 60mg/L，BOD5 20mg/LSS 20mg/L，NH4+-N 15mg/L，TP 0.5mg/L。2、 国内外的城市污水处理水平 1关于活性污泥法 当前流行的污水处理工艺有：AB法、SBR法、氧化沟法、普通曝气法、A/A/O法、A/O法等，这几种工艺都是从活性污泥法派生出来的，且各有其特点。AB法(AdsorptionBiooxidation)该法由德国Bohuke教授首先开发。该工艺对曝气池按高、低负荷分二级供氧，A级负荷高，曝气时间短，产生污泥量大，污泥负荷2.5kgBOD/(kgMLSSd)以上，池容积负荷6kgBOD/(m3d)以上；B级负荷低，污泥龄较长。A级与B级间设中间沉淀池。二级池子F/M(污染物量与微生物量之比)不同，形成不同的微生物群体。AB法尽管有节能的优点，但不适合低浓度水质，A级和B级亦可分期建设。SBR法(SequencingBatchReactor)SBR法早在20世纪初已开发，由于人工管理繁琐未予推广。此法集进水、曝气、沉淀、出水在一座池子中完成，常由四个或三个池子构成一组，轮流运转，一池一池地间歇运行，故称序批式活性污泥法。现在又开发出一些连续进水连续出水的改良性SBR工艺，如ICEAS法、CASS法、IDEA法等。这种一体化工艺的特点是工艺简单，由于只有一个反应池，不需二沉池、回流污泥及设备，一般情况下不设调节池，多数情况下可省去初沉池，故节省占地和投资，耐冲击负荷且运行方式灵活，可以从时间上安排曝气、缺氧和厌氧的不同状态，实现除磷脱氮的目的。但因每个池子都需要设曝气和输配水系统，采用滗水器及控制系统，间歇排水水头损失大，池容的利用率不理想，因此，一般来说并不太适用于大规模的城市污水处理厂。A/A/O法(AnaerobicAnoxicOxic)由于对城市污水处理的出水有去除氮和磷的要求，故国内10年前开发此厌氧缺氧好氧组成的工艺。利用生物处理法脱氮除磷，可获得优质出水，是一种深度二级处理工艺。A/A/O法的可同步除磷脱氮机制由两部分组成：一是除磷，污水中的磷在厌氧状态下(DO0.3mg/L)，释放出聚磷菌，在好氧状况下又将其更多吸收，以剩余污泥的形式排出系统。二是脱氮，缺氧段要控制DO12.5)，BOD/TKN为1.53.5，COD/TP为3060，BOD/TP为1640(一般应20)。若降低污泥浓度、压缩污泥龄、控制硝化，以去除磷、BOD5和COD为主，则可用A/O工艺。有的城市污水处理的出水不排入湖泊，利用大水体深水排放或灌溉农田，可将脱氮除磷放在下一步改扩建时考虑，以节省近期投资。普通曝气法及其变法。本工艺出现最早，有较强的生命力。普曝法处理效果好经验多可适应大的污水量，对于大厂可集中建污泥消化池，所产生沼气可作能源利用。传统普曝法的不足之处是只能作为常规二级处理，不具备脱氮除磷功能。近几年在工程实践中，通过降低普通曝气池容积负荷，可以达到脱氮的目的；在普曝池前设置厌氧区，可以除磷，亦可用化学法除磷。采用普通曝气法去除BOD5，在池型上有多种形式，工程上称为普通曝气法的变法亦可统称为普通曝气法。 氧化沟法本工艺50年代初期发展形成，因其构造简单，易于管理，很快得到推广，且不断创新，有发展前景和竞争力，当前可谓热门工艺。氧化沟在应用中发展为多种形式，比较有代表性的有：帕式(Passveer)简称单沟式，表面曝气采用转刷曝气，水深一般在2.53.5m，转刷动力效率1.61.8kgO2/(kWh)。奥式(Orbal)简称同心圆式，应用上多为椭圆形的三环道组成，三个环道用不同的DO(如外环为0，中环为1，内环为2)，有利于脱氮除磷。采用转碟曝气，水深一般在4.04.5m，动力效率与转刷接近，现已在山东潍坊、北京黄村和合肥王小郢的城市污水处理厂应用。若能将氧化沟进水设计成多种方式，能有效地抵抗暴雨流量的冲击，对一些合流制排水系统的城市污水处理尤为适用。卡式(Carrousel)简称循环折流式，采用倒伞形叶轮曝气，从工艺运行来看，水深一般在3.0m左右，但污泥易于沉积，其原因是供氧与流速有矛盾。三沟式氧化沟(T型氧化沟)，此种型式由三池组成，中间作曝气池，左右两池兼作沉淀池和曝气池。T型氧化沟构造简单，处理效果不错，但其采用转刷曝气，水深浅，占地面积大，复杂的控制仪表增加了运行管理的难度。不设厌氧池，不具备除磷功能。氧化沟一般不设初沉池，负荷低，耐冲击，污泥少。建设费用及电耗视采用的沟型而变，如在转碟和转刷曝气形式中，再引进微孔曝气，加大水深，能有效地提高氧的利用率(提高20%)和动力效率达2.53.0kgO2/(kWh)。2 关于曝气生物滤池曝气生物滤池实质上是常说的生物接触氧化池，相当于在曝气池中添加供微生物栖附的填(滤)料，在填料下鼓气，是具有活性污泥特点的生物膜法。曝气生物滤池(BAF)70年代末起源于欧洲大陆，已发展为法、英等国设备制造公司的技术和设备产品。由于选用的填料不同，以及是否有脱氮要求，设计的工艺参数是不同的，如要求处理出水BOD5、SS20mg/L，去除BOD5达90%以上的工艺，其容积负荷为0.73.0kgBOD5/(m3d)，水力停留时间12h；以硝化(90%以上)为主的工艺，其容积负荷为0.52.0kgBOD5/(m3d)，水力停留时间23h。一般认为，生物膜法处理城市污水，在国内尚需积累经验，处理规模不宜过大，约5104m3/d左右为宜。国外(主要在欧洲)处理水量有达到36104m3/d的，这与其填料材质、自控手段和先进的反冲洗装置有关，也与其有长期积累的运行管理经验有关。3.生物处理法的新进展生物处理法是目前研究得较多、新技术层出不穷的方法，无论是好氧生物处理技术，还是厌氧生物处理技术都引起了研究人员的极大兴趣。因为用生物法利用的是微生物的新陈代谢作用，以污染物质为食料，将其代谢成诸如CO2、H2O、NH3、SO2等稳定的小分子，它的二次污染小，对处理生活污水及与之性质相近的有机污水有其独特的优势。生物处理法自从问世以来，其技术已获得了极大的发展，随着人们生活水平的日益提高，生活污水中的成也日益复杂，因此用生物处理方法的目的也从以前能处理降解蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物等一类物质增加到也能处理合成洗涤剂、脱氮、脱磷及其它一些难降解的复杂有机物。这也就必然要求人们改革工艺，过去由于厌氧生物处理的效率不尽人意，处理时间也较慢，所以未引起人们的重视，仅仅用来处理污泥或高浓度有机污水的预处理，但现在由于能源紧张，厌氧生物处理由于能产生能源物质甲烷而越来越引起人们的青睐，由此也出现了许多新的工艺。(1)活性污泥法的新发展到目前为止，对活性污泥法在运行方式上还没有大的突破，往往所作的是一些局部的改进，但在曝气方式上确取得了较大的成果，如纯氧曝气、深井曝气、射流曝气，采用微气泡扩散器等，这些都增大了氧转移率、提高了氧的利用率使曝气池中氧的浓度增加。活性污泥法的另一个发展趋势就是朝多功能方向发展，采用的方法有：培养驯化专用细菌，使活性污泥处理对象不局限于生活污水，还可以处理如酚一类难降解的有毒有机物，甚至驯化可以处理象氰一类有剧毒的无机物；把活性污泥与其它处理方法结合起来，如活性炭活性污泥法，它实际上是一种以活性污泥法形式的活性炭吸附、生物氧化法的综合处理法；固定活性污泥法是提供微生物附着的表面，如合成纤维、塑料、细沙、粘土焦炭等，使曝气池同时存在附着相和悬浮相的生物；这些都提高了活性污泥的净化效率，提高了抗有毒物质等冲击负荷的能力，还具有脱色、脱氮、削减泡沫的效果，国外已用于合成纤维、化工印染、炼油、炼焦等工业生产的污水处理；活性污泥法与厌氧工艺结合来脱氮、脱磷等，最典型的工艺是A-O(anaerobic-oxic)流程。活性污泥法还可和化学法结合，提高净化多氯联苯、有机磷的去除效果。(2)生物膜处理法的新进展生物膜法最早出现的工艺是1893年在英国出现的将污水喷撒在粗滤料上而得以净化的普通生物滤池，它是最早出现而至今仍在不断改进和发展的人工生物处理设备。在它的基础上，出现了高负荷生物滤池、塔式生物滤池、生物转盘和生物接触氧化等。近二三十年来，又出现了一些新型的生物膜法处理技术，如生物流化床，它是以砂、焦炭、活性炭等颗粒材料作为载体，其载体表面附着生长着生物膜，充氧后的污水以一定流速自下而上流动使载处于流化状态，载体上的生物膜可以充分地和污水接触，使净化效率提高，它的工艺有空气流床、纯氧流动床、三相流化床和厌氧兼型流化床工艺等。活性生物滤池是将生物滤池、曝气池及二沉池结合为一体的新型污水处理工艺，它的特点是将生物滤池的部分出水回流汇同二沉池的回流污泥一起进入生物滤池，用活性生物滤池处理生活污水和食品加工废水的试验结果表明：该系统具有处理效果好、效率高、BOD容积负荷大、不发生污泥膨胀和耐冲击负荷等优点。另外还有空气驱动的生物转盘、生物转盘和曝气池相结合、藻类转盘等。由于生物膜法的生态环境与活性污泥法的不同，生物膜法生态系统中可以生长藻类、后生动物等，甚至可以生长硝化菌及反硝化菌等，因此可以用来脱氮等。(3)厌氧生物处理法的新发展厌氧生物处理法也有一百多年的历史，它是利用厌氧微生物在无氧的条件下对有机物进行分解的技术。由于处理效率低、速度慢、且甲烷菌对环境要求严格不易控制等缺点，厌氧生物处理法长期以来一般仅用于污泥处理，它的主要工艺是化粪池、消化池等。但是由于近年来能源危机及环境污染加重，厌氧生物处理由于其产物具有能源物质而得到人们的重视，一大批新的厌氧生物处理法技术相继诞生，为了提高厌氧微生物的浓度，有使厌氧微生物附着在载体表面的厌氧生物膜处理方法如厌氧生物滤池、厌氧转盘、厌氧膨胀床、厌氧接触氧化、厌氧档板反应器、厌氧流化床法，以及象上流式厌氧污泥床反应器(UASB)依靠微生物之间凝聚造粒而形成的自己固定法方法。还有人为地固定微生物包埋固定化法，它是人为地把增殖速度缓慢的厌氧微生物高浓度地保持在处理系统中，提高处理速度、缩小处理设备并可用于处理低浓度的有机污水。如日本本田等人1988年采用包埋固定厌氧微生物处理TOC为150mgL的人工配水，TOC的去除率可达95%以上。在厌氧处理中，甲烷的增殖速度慢成为产气的决定步骤，因此为了保持甲烷发酵中高浓度的微生物，出现了利用膜的固液分离法，如柏分等人1988年利用超滤膜(UF)进行甲烷发酵试验，结果表明：提高了反应器内甲烷的浓度，TOC的容积负荷为2gL日，其去除率可达98.4%以上。厌氧生物处理法目前的发展趋势是和其它生物处理方法联用，如厌氧好氧复合工艺等，具有节约投资、节省能源、污泥产量少、出水水质好等一系列优点。厌氧生物处理法正朝着能处理低浓度有机污水，能够脱磷脱氮且运行维护方便经济等方面发展。4活性污泥工艺的发展趋势通过几十年的研究与实践，活性污泥工艺已经成为一种比较完善的工艺。在池形、运行方式、曝气方式、载体等方面已经很难有较大的发展。用常规手段也已经很难在生物学方面有所突破。有学者认为该工艺未来两个大方向是膜分离技术和分子生物学技术的应用。(1)膜分离技术的应用用膜分离代替沉淀进行泥水分离，可带来活性污泥工艺的以下变化：不再存在污泥膨胀问题。在调控活性污泥系统时，不必再考虑污泥的沉降性能问题，从而使工艺控制大大简化；曝气池的污泥浓度将大大提高(可以大于20000/)从而使系统可在超大泥龄、超低负荷状态下运行，充分满足去除各种污染物质的需要；在同样的处理要求下，可使曝气池容积大大减小，节省处理厂的占地面积；污泥浓度的提高，将要求较高的曝气速率，因而纯氧曝气将随着膜分离而被大量采用。虽然膜分离目前还存在易堵塞等方面的问题，但这些问题正逐步得到解决。(2)分子生物技术的应用目前分子生物技术已开始应用于污水处理领域。为搞清聚磷菌除磷的生化机理，已开始用分子诊断技术获取聚磷菌的遗传信息。现在从活性污泥中已发现的30多种丝状菌中，只有4种准确命名及生物分类学定位，因为这些丝状菌大部分无法进行分离纯培养。目前正用分子诊断技术进行这些丝状菌的生物学定位，以进一步准确了解其特性。分子诊断技术的大量应用，活性污泥微生物基因库的建立，在此基础上用基因技术培育具有高效活性的污泥菌种，进一步提高处理效果，是未来发展的方向。三、本次设计工艺流程的选择及分析本项目污水处理的特点：（1）本次设计主要处理城镇生活污水，污水以有机污染物为主，BOD/COD=0.5 可生化性好；（2）重金属及其他难以生物降解的有毒有害污染物一般不超标；（3）污水中主要污染物指标BOD、COD、SS都值都比较低。针对以上特点，以及出水要求，现有城镇污水处理技术的特点，以采用生化处理最为经济。由于氮磷超标，处理工艺尚用硝化除磷。污水处理厂既要求有效地去除BOD5，有要求对污水中的氮、磷进行适当处理，防止神仙沟的富营养化，以及该工程的造价与运行费用，当地的自然条件（包括地形、气候、水资源），污水水量及其变化动态，运行管理与施工，并参考典型的工艺流程和各种生物处理法的优缺点及使用条件。本课题选择典型的工艺流程，有两种可供选择的工艺：1）普通A/A/O法处理工艺。2）厌氧池+氧化沟处理工艺。两种工艺经过比较，本项目污水处理的特点为：1、 污水以有机污染为主，BOD/COD =0.5 0.3，可生化性比较好，重金属及其他的难以生物降解的有毒有害污染物一般不超标；2、 污水中主要污染物指标BOD、COD、SS值为典型城市污水值。此外考虑到NH4+-N出水浓度排放要求比较高，因此需要采用能够同时脱氮除磷且效果较好的工艺； 三、本课题污水处理量大，在达到污水处理要求的前提下，应着重考虑工程占地面积和污水处理费用的节省。针对以上特点，以及出水要求，以采用生化处理最为经济。根据国内外已运行的中、小型污水处理厂的调查，要达到确定的治理目标，可采用“A2/O活性污泥法”。原污水粗格栅污水提升泵房细格栅沉砂池厌氧池缺氧池 好氧池二沉池接触池排放 英文翻译Oxidize the ditch craft in dirty water handle of application and development CaiZhi一jun(Foshan City Shunde District Environmental EngineeringBranch Foshan Guangdong 528000)【Abstract】Setanaerobic, naoxic section Carrous oxidation ditch with biologicla nitrogen and phosphoru sremoval capabilitie, is curren dythe mainstream of city life process of sewage treatment, This article descirbes the structure of Carrousel oxidation ditch, porcess and design problems during the oper-ation and the corresponding solutions【Keywords】Carrousel；Oxidationditch；Phosphorusnadnitrogenremoval；Structure；Mechanism1. Foreword Oxidize the ditch( oxidation ditch) again a continuous circulation spirit pond( Continuous loop reactor), is a live and dirty mire method a kind of to transform.Oxidizing the dirty water in ditch handles the craft be researched to manufacture by the hygiene engineering graduateschool of Holland in the 50sof20centuriessuccess.Since in 1954 at Dutch throw in the usage for the velY first nme.secause its a water fluid matter good, circulate the stability and manage convenience etc. technique characteristics, already at domestic and international and extensive application in live the dirty water to is dirty to manage aquecustv with the industlYli). Current application than oxidize extensively the ditch type include:The ( Pasveer) oxidizes the ditch, the (Carrousel) oxidizes the ditch, ( Orbal) oxidizes the ditch, the type of T oxidizes the ditch( three ditch types oxidize the ditch), the type of DE oxidizes the ditch to turn to oxidize the ditch with the Integral whore.these oxidize the ditch because of the difference of esse in construction with circulating, therefore each characteristics2.This text will introduce construction, mechanism, existent problem and its latest developments that Carrousel oxidize ditches primarily. 2. The Carrousel oxidizes the construction of the ditch The Carrousel Oxidize the ditch to be researched to manufacture by Dutch DHV company development in 1967.0xidize the last the companyofDHVinfou ndationoftheditchin theoriginal Carrousel to permited specially the company EIMCO to invent again with its patent in the United States Carrousel 2000 system realizes the living creature of the higher request takes off the nitrogen with dividedbythefunctionof.Therehasbeen in the world up to now more than 850 Carrousels oxidize the ditch with the Carrousel 2000 system are circulating From diagram therefore, the Carrousel oxidizes the ditch the usage the spirit of that definite direction control with shake up the device, face to mix with the liquid deliver the level speed, from but make drive the liquid of admixture that shake up is in oxidize ditch shut match outlet circulate nowrnererore oxidize the ditch have the special hydraulics flows the ,current complete mix with the characteristics of the type reactor, have the characteristics that push the flow type reactor again, the ditch inside exsrts obviously of deliquescence oxygen density steps degree.Oxidizing the ditch cross section is rectangle or trapezoids, the fiat surface shape is many for oval, the ditch internal water is deep general for 2.5 -4 .5 m , the breadth is deep compare for 2:1, also have the deep wate r amount to 7 ms of, ditch inside average speed in water current is 0.3 mS/ s.ostorze ditch spirit admixture equipments contain surface spirit machine, the spirit of turn to brush or turn the dish and shoot to flow the spirit machine, pipe type spirit machine with promote take care of type spirit machine etc., match with in recent years usage still contain underwater push machine3. The Carrousel oxidizes the mechanism of the ditch 3.1 The Carrousel oxidizes the ditch handles dirty and aqueous principle The at the beginning common Carrousel oxidizes the dirty water In inside In craft of the ditch direct with dirty mire In reflux together enteroxidize theditch system.The surface spiritmachinemakesfuse In the liquid of admixture the density of the oxygen DO increases about 2 the 3 mgsl t.uncer this kind of well the term of the oxygen, the microorganism gets the enough deliquescence oxygen comes and go to divided by the BOD;At the same time, the ammonia were too oxidized nitrate with second nitrate, this time, mix with the liquid be placed in the oxygen appearance.In the spirit machine downstream, after water current be become by the swift flow appearance of the spirit District oP even flow the appearance, the water current maintainsin theminim umcurrentvelocity,guaranteeingthe liveand dirty mire be placed in the floats the appearance.( average current vercctvs-o.a msl s)Oxldlze microbially the process consumed to fuse theoxygenin thewater,until thevalueofDOdeclinesforzero, mixing with the liquid report the anoxia appearance.versa nitric that turn the function through anoxia area, mix with the liquid enter to have the oxygen area, completing once circulating.That system inside, the BOD declines the solution is a continuous process, the nitric turns the function to turn with the versa nitric e function ta ke place in same pond.Because of structural restrict, this kind of oxidize the ditch although can then valid whereabouts BOD, divided by the phosphorus take off the nitrogenous ability ltmrtedt.3.2 The Carrousel oxidizes the ditch divideds by the phosphorus takes off the nitrogenous influence factor. Affecting the Carrousel oxidizes the ditch divideds by the phosphoric factor is dirty mire, nitrate density and quality densities primarily.The research expresses, being total and dirty mire as 11% that a hour biggest phosphorus 4% with deal is its fuck dirty mire deal within live and dirty mire, keep for the the germ physical endowment measures, but when dirty mire over 15 d hour dirty mire the Inside is biggesttocontain theobviousdescentindealIn phosphorus,canning not reach the biggest divideding by the result of phosphorus on the contrary.Therefore, prolong persistently the dirty mire (for example 20ds,25ds,30ds) is to have no necessary, proper choose to use within the scope of 8 15 d.At the same time, high nitrate density with low quality density disadvantage in divided by the process of phosphorus . 4. The Carrousel oxidizes problem and solution methods of the ditch esse. Though the Carrousel oxidizes the ditch has a water fluid matter good, the anti-pounds at the burthen ability strong, divided by the phosphorus take off the nitrogen efficiency. But, in physically of movement process, still exstts a series of problem. 4.1 Dirty mire inflation problem When discard the aquatic carbohydrate more, the N, P contains the unbalance of deal, the pH value is low, oxidizing the dirty mire in inside in ditch carries high, fuse the oxygen density the shortage, line up the mire not etc. causes easily dirty mire in germ in form in silk inflatlon;Not the dirty mire in germ in form in silk inflation takes place primarily at the waste water water temperature is lower but the dirty mire carries higher hour.The microbial burthen is high, the germs absorbed the large quantity nourishment material, is low because of the temperature, metabolism the speed is slower, accumulating the rises large quantity is high to glue sexual and many sugar materials, making the surface of the live and dirty mire adhere to the water to increase consumedly, SVI the value is very high, becoming the dirty mire inflation. Cause that aim at the dirty mire inflation, can adopt the different counterplan:From the anoxia, water temperature high result in of, can enlargement tolerance or lower into the water measures to alleviate burthen, or the adequacy lowers the MLSS( control dirty mire reflux measure), making need the oxygen measures decrease.It the dirty mirecarrieshigh, can increaseMLSS, toadjusttheburthen, necessity 4.2 Foam problem Becauseentering totakethe greaseoflarge quantityinthewater, handling system cant completely and availably its obviation, parts of greases enriches to gather in in the dirty mire, through turn to brush the oxygen agitation, creation large quantity foam;The mire is partial to long, the dirty mire is aging, and also easy creation toam.Sprav topourthewaterordivided bywiththesurfacetheof do away with the foam, in common use divided by the an organism oil, kerosene, the oil of stncon, throw deal as 0.5 1.5 mgsl L.Pass to increase dirty mire in pond in spirit in density or adequacies let up the tolerance of ,also can control the foam creation effectively.When contain the live materia! in surface in the waste water more, separate with the foam easily and in advance method or other methods do away with.Also can consider to increase to establish a set of dlvideding by the oil device moreover.But enhance most importantly the headwaters manage, reducing to contain the oil over the high waste water and other poisonous waste water of intollJ. 4.3 Float the problem on the dirty mire When contain in the waste water the oil measures big, whole system mire quality become light, cant like to control very much in operate process its at two sink the pond stop over time, resulting in the anoxia easily, producing the corrupt and dirty mire ascend to float;When spirit time over long, take place in pond the high degree nitric turn the function, making nitrate density high, at two sink the versa nitric in easy occurrence in pond turn the function, creation nitrogen spirit, make dirty mire ascend f1oat;Moreover, contain the oil in the waste water? Take place thedirtymire ascendafterfloating should pauseenter water, broke off or dirty mire in clearance, judge the clear reason, adjust the operation.The dirty mire sinks to decline the sex bad, can throw to add of oagulate or sloth materials, the improvement precipitates the sex;Suchas enterthe watercarries big let upintothe water measures or the enlargement reflux measures.Sucn as the dirty mire grain small lower the spirit machine turn soon.If discovers versanitricturning,shouldletup thetolerance,enlarge the reflux or row the mire measures;1f discover the dirty mire is corrupt, should enlargement tolerance, the clearance accumulates the mire, and try the ameliorative pond internal water dint term!:. 4.4 Current velocity is not all and the dirty mire sinks to accumulate the problem In Carrousel oxidize ditch, for acquiring its special admixture with handles result, mix with liquid must with certain current velocity is in ditch circulate flow.Think generally, the lowest current velocity should should attain for an average current velocity for, doing not take place sinking acccmutetmq 0.30.5 msl s.The spirit equipments that oxidize the ditch is general to turn to brush for the spirit of to turn the dish with the spirit of , turning to brush of immerse to have no depth for 25 0 300 mms, turn the dish immerse to have no depth for 480530 mms.With oxidize the ditch water the deep(3.03.6 ms) comparing, turn to brush occupied the deep 1 / 1 0 in water 1/12, turned the dish to also occupy the 1/6 only 1/7, therefore result in to oxidize the ditch upper part current velocity bigger roughly 0.81.2 ms, even larger, but the bottom current velocity is very small( especially at the water is deep 2/3 or 3/4 below, mix with the liquid has no current velocity almost), causing ditch bottom large quantity accumulate the mire( sometimes accumulate the mire thickness amount to a 1.0 ms), the valid capacity that reduced to oxidize the ditch consumedly, lowered to handle result, affected a water fluid matter. Moreover, pass in the spirit on board swim