英语语法：时态.ppt

made by emily http://teach/index.html 动词的时态(verb tenses ) 以动词 do 为例，将16种时态列表如下: 一般现在时（the present tense) 1.形式：主语+ 动词（第 三人称单数+s/es) 2.基本用法： 表示反复发生的习惯动作或存在的状态： he gets up at six every day. 表示客观事实和主语的特征、能力等 the earth moves round the sun. 表示安排或计划好的将来的动作（常用方位动 词 come,go,arrive,start,stay,leave) the train starts at nine oclock. 在时间或条件状语从句中：if it is fine tomorrow,we will go swimming. 3.标志：every month, often, once a week等 一般过去时（the past tense) 1.形式：主语+ 动词的过去式 2.基本用法: 表示过去的动作或状态：i saw him yesterday. 表示过去的某一段时间内经常的动作when i studied in the college,i read aloud every morning. 用于虚拟语气中，表示现在或将来的愿望 ，假设等。i wish i did not do that again. 3.标志：yesterday,last week ,three days ago in 1994等；或when 引导的从句 . 一般将来时（the future tense ) 1.形式：主语+will+动词原形 2.基本用法: 表示将来的动作或状态：he will come and help me tomorrow. 表示将来经常发生的动作或状态：we will go for an outing(旅行) every other week. 3.标志：tomorrow,the day after tomorrow next month,soon, in future, in 2008 一般将来时不同表达法 will+ do. we wont have any classes tomorrow. be going to do .it is going to rain be to do. they are to meet in front of the hall. be about to do. the conference is about to begin. 常用方位动词 （ come,go,arrive,start,stay)的现 在时，表示安排或计划好的将来的动作。 my friend is about to arriving here next week. 在时间或条件状语从句中： if it is fine tomorrow,we will go swimming 过去将来时(the past future) 1.形式 由“shall或will的过去式should或would+动 词原形” 2.基本用法 表示在过去某一时刻之后将要发生的动 作情况 如：we wanted to know when the english class would begin 3.标志：通常用在主句谓语动词是一般过 去时的宾语从句中。 现在进行时（present continuous ） 1.形式：主语+am/is /are + doing 2.基本用法: 表示此刻正在进行的动作：what are you doing here? 表示现阶段正在进行的动作或状态: we are doing an experiment this month. 表示安排或计划好的将来的动作（常用 方位动词 come,go,arrive,start,stay). he is coming here next week. 3.标志: now,at present, currently 过去进行时 (past continuous ) 1.形式 ： 由“was(were)”+现在分词构成。 2.基本用法： 表示在过去某一时刻或某阶段正在进行 的动作或存在的状态。 she was writing a composition when you came in. 3.标志：通常带一个表示在过去时间的状 语或从句或通过上下文判断的过去时间 。 将来进行时 一般将来进行时： 形式：will/shall be doing 用法：表示将来某时刻或某一阶段正在进行 的动作或存在状态 特点：表示将来的某一时刻或阶段，又是会 用状语从句。 过去将来进行时： 形式：would/should be doing 用法：表示过去某一时刻之后的某时刻或某 阶段要发生的动作 现在完成时(the present perfect) 1.形式：have(has)+ 过去分词 2.基本用法: 表示动作现在已经完成：we have just come back. 表示过去发生的动作对现在有影响：they have finished the work. 表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在，而且可 能继续延续 i have studied english since 1994. 3.标志：already,just ,yet, recently(lately) so far(up to now), since ,for, ever, before, by 过去完成时(past perfect ) 1.形式 ： 由“had +过去分词构成。 2.基本用法： 表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经发 生或完成的动作。by the end of last year,i had worked for fourteen years 3.标志： already, just , yet, by + 过去时间 的状语; 或when,before等引导的从句通过 上下文判断, 决定是否用过去完成时。 过去完成时的几种用法 1.by +过去的时间状语 by the time he retired, he had taught for 35 years. 2.when/as soon as/after +从句 when he had spent all the money he wrote to his father for more money. 3.when/before +从句.the film had begun when we got to the cinema. 4.no sooner.than/ hardly.when 5. as if +从句the man talks as if he had been to every part of the world. 6.indirect speech 将来完成时(future perfect) 1.形式 ： “will +have +过去分词 ”构成。 2.基本用法： 表示在将来某一时刻之前完成的动作。 by the end of next year,i will have taught english for fourteen years. 3.标志：by +将来时间的状语; 或when,before 等引导的从句通过上下文判断. hurry up!or the train will have left before we got to the station. 过去将来完成时 (past future perfect) 1.形式 ： “would +have +过去分词 ”构成。 2.基本用法： 表示在过去的将来的某时刻之前完成的动作 by the year you graduated in1998, i would have taught english for fourteen years. 3.标志：by +表示过去将来的时间状语; 或 when,before等引导的从句通过上下文判断. 现在完成进行时(present perfect continuous tense) 1.形式 “have/has+ been +现在分词 ” 构成。 2.基本用法：表示在过去某一时刻开 始，一直延续到现在的动作,可能还 会继续进行下去。they have been studying english for years . 3.标志：for ,since 等表一段时间的状 语.动词要用延续动词（study. work, play,teach,wait) 过去完成进行时 1.形式 “had+ been +现在分词 ”构成。 2.基本用法：就是现在完成进行时相应的 过去时态。they have been studying english for years. 3.标志：for ,since 等表过去的一段时间的 状语.动词要用延续动词（study. work, play, teach, wait) 将来完成进行时 一般将来完成进行时： 1.形式 “will+ have + been +doing ”构成。 2.基本用法：表示动作发生在过去的动作将持 续到将来并且在将来的某一时刻仍在进行。 they would