英语六大基本句型结构.ppt

英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成六种六种基本句型及其基本句型及其 扩大扩大、组合、省略或倒装组合、省略或倒装。掌握这六种基本句型掌握这六种基本句型 ，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语基本句型列式如下：英语基本句型列式如下： 基本句型一：基本句型一： + + （主谓）（主谓） 基本句型二：基本句型二： + + + + （主系表）（主系表） 基本句型三：基本句型三： + + + + （主谓宾）（主谓宾） 基本句型四基本句型四： + + +IO +IO +（主谓间宾直（主谓间宾直 宾）宾） 基本句型五：基本句型五： + + + + + +（主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补） 基本句型基本句型六六：There be There be 句式句式 基本句型 一 + +（主谓）（主谓） 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即 句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。 这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可 以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 （不及物动词动词 ） 1. Time 2. The moon 3. The man 4. An accident 5. Everybody 6. I 7. They 8. He 9.They flies. rose. cooked. happened. laughed. woke. talked for half an hour. walked yesterday have gone 常用不及物动词有: appear(出现), apologize(道歉), arrive, agree, arise(发生), belong(属于), come, die, disappear(消失), exist(存在), fall, go, happen, hurry, listen, look , occur(发生), rise(升起), sit, sail(航行), succeed 词组有: take place, run out, break out 基本句型 二 + + + +（主系表）（主系表） 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子 谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必 须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构 成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类 动词叫做连系动词。 （是系动词动词 ） (表语语) 1. This 2. The dinner 3. He 4. Everything 5. He 6. The book 7. The weather 8. His face 9. This is smells felt looks is is became turned is an English dictionary. good. happy. different. tall and strong. interesting. warmer. red. what I like. 基本句型 三 + + + +（主谓宾）（主谓宾） 此句型句子的共同特点是：谓 语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生 的动作，但不能表达完整的意思， 必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受 者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫 做及物动词。 （实义动词实义动词 ）(宾语宾语) 1. Who 2. She 3. He 4. He 5. They 6. Danny 7. I 8. He 9. I knows loves understands made ate likes want said regretted the answer? him. English. cakes. some apples. donuts. to have a cup of tea. “Good morning.“ having done that. 基本句型 四 + + +IO +IO +（主谓间宾直宾）（主谓间宾直宾） 此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语 动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意 思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者( 一般指物)，另一个是动作的间接承受者(通 常指人)。 eg: give sb. sth.give sth. to sb. make sb. sth.make sth. for sb. （及 物） （多 指人） （多指物） 1. She 2. She 3. She 4. He 5. I 6. I 7. I 8. He passed cooked brought bought showed gave told told him her me you her him him me a new dress. a delicious meal. a dictionary. nothing. my pictures. a hand. how to run the machine. that the bus was late. v可以带双宾语的动词： v买卖关系： buy pay cost v给予关系：give grant pass offer bring send v借还关系：lend return owe v说服关系：tell persuade v其他关系：wish name make call 基本句型 五 + + + + + +（主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补） 此句型的句子的共同特点是 ：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只 跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意 思，必须加上一个补充成分来补 足宾语，才能使意思完整。 （及物 ） （宾语宾语 ） （宾补宾补 ） 1. We 2. They 3. They 4. They 5. What 6. We 7. He 8. I keep painted call found makes saw asked saw the table the door supper the house him him me them clean. green. dinner. dirty. sad? out. to come back soon. getting on the bus. 六 基本句型 句式There be v构成： There be .句型表示“某处有（存在 ）某人或某事物”，其结构为 There be( is are was were )+名词+地点状语 vThere are fifty-two students in our class. vThere is a pencil in my pencil-case. 一、There be 结构中的主谓一致 v1. There be句型中be动词的形式要和其后的 主语在人称和数上保持一致。如果句子的主 语是单数的可数名词，或是不可数名词，be 动词用“is” “was”。例如： vThere is a basketball in the box. vThere is a little milk in the glass. 如果句子的主语是复数名词，be动词就用 “are” “were”。例如 vThere were many people in the street yesterday. 如果有两个或两个以上的名词作主语 ，be动词要和最靠近它的那个主语在数上 保持一致，也就是我们常说的 “就近原则” 。例如: There is an orange and some bananas in the basket. There are two bottles and an ashtray on the shelf . 2. There与be中间可插入一些表推测的 情态动词、表时态的短语和一些动词短 语 (如和将来时be going to will、现在完 成时 havehas + pp. 、used to结构等连 用. vThere must be a pen in the box. vThere is going to be a meeting tonight. vThere has been a big tree on the top of the hill. vThere used to be a hospital there before the war. There be句型和havehas的区别 ： vThere be句型表示 “存在有”, havehas表示 “ 拥有” “所有”,两者不能同时使用.例如： v桌子上有三本书. vThere are three books on the desk. v我有三本书. v I have three books. vv1.They work hard.1.They work hard. 主主 + + 谓谓 vv2.The flower is dead.2.The flower is dead. 主主 + + 系系 + + 表表 vv3.Plants need water.3.Plants need water. 主主 + + 谓谓 + + 宾宾 vv4.He gives me some seeds.4.He gives me some seeds. 主主 + + 谓谓 + + 直宾直宾 + + 简宾简宾 vv5.We should keep the plants in the shade.5.We should keep the plants in the shade. 主主 + + 谓谓 + + 宾宾 + + 宾补宾补 vv6.6.His face turned red.His face turned red. 主主 + + 系系 + + 表表 v7. There was a lot of news about Zhang Ziyi on TV last night. There be 句式 v8. She seems kind. 主主 + + 系系 + + 表表 v9. We found her in tears. 主主 + + 谓谓 + + 宾宾 + + 宾补宾补 v10. I assure you that this medicine will help you. 主主 + + 谓谓 + + 间间宾宾 + + 直直宾宾 v11. He has refused to help them. 主主 + + 谓谓 + + 宾宾 v12. They encouraged her to try again. 主主 + + 谓谓 + + 宾宾 + + 宾补宾补 v13. He admits that he was mistaken. 主主 + + 谓谓 + + 宾宾 v14. The pen writes smoothly. 主主 + + 谓谓 + + 状状 v15. The dinner smells good. 主主 + + 系系 + + 表表 5 Analyze the following sentences to see which pattern they belong to. 1) Both men speak loudly and clearly. 2) An introduction usually includes a greeting and a handshake. 3) My e-mail address is . 4) They will just wave goodbye to the whole group. 5) Our department head will give a dinner to welcome you. 6) You could simply call me Wang. 7) In her bag there is a passport and a pen. There be句式 主+谓+状 主+谓+宾 主+系+表 主+谓+直宾+间宾 主+谓+宾+状 主+谓+宾+宾补 Back Write and Apply Rules Write and Correct Mistakes 6 Correct the errors in the following sentences. 1) The manager for them prepares some beautiful gifts. 2) Could you tell to me something about their cultural background? 3) Mr. Wang has left in their mind a deep impression. 4) Do they always wave to you goodbye in an informal way? 5) There are always some people talk happily in the park. The manager prepares some beautiful gifts for them. Could you tell me something about their cultural background? Mr. Wang has left a deep impression upon their minds. Do they always wave goodbye to you in an informal way?/ Do they always wave you goodbye in an informal way? There are always some people talking happily in the park. 6) There has some water in the glass. 7) On the door has a big red Chinese word “Happiness”. 8) The girl looked the small animal with pleasure. 9) He gave to her some lovely flowers. 10) The streets always have many cars run nowadays. There is some water in the glass. On the door there is a big red Chinese word “Happiness”. / There is a big red Chinese word “Happiness” on the door. / On the door is a big red Chinese word “Happiness”. The girl looked at the s