非谓语选择答题流程纵向复习.ppt

高考重点要求 1掌握不定式、分词、动名词在句子中 的作用，正确运用非谓语动词进行书面表 达. 2区分不定式、分词作定语和状语的异 同。 3掌握不定式、动名词作宾语，不定式 和分词作宾补的惯用结构。 4注意非谓语动词与句子谓语动词的时 间关系，以确定非谓语动词的时态形式。 5弄清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系 ，以确定非谓语动词的语态形式。 非谓语选择答题流程 第一步，分析句子成分，判断 非谓语动词在句中所作的成分 ，例如：主语、宾语、定语、 表语、补语或是状语。 第二步，考虑非谓语动词与相应 的逻辑主语或被修饰词之间的主 动还是被动关系。 主 语 只需要考虑to do(一般表示一次特定的行为) v-ing(一般表示习惯性行为)。 Looking after children is a demanding（ 需要耐性的）job. To look after these children is really tiring. 1、主语。(不同) 相同处 单个to do 和ing 作主语的时候谓语动词为单数 。多个不同意思的作主语谓语动词用复数。 Weeping and crying is useless. Cheating and lying are immoral. 2.在主系表结构中，主语与表语形式要一致。 eg. Seeing is believing. eg. To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 宾 语 只需要考虑to do或是v-ing。至于区别 ，我建议首先把常接v-ing和to do作宾 语的特殊动词背下来。主动与被动取决 于句子主语。如： I dont mind _to the party. A. being not invited B. not inviting C. not being invitedD. not to be invited 2、宾语。 C 动名词作宾语的动词： KEEP MARCH GIFTS(见三维) 不定式作宾语的动词： decide, determine, learn, want, aim，like, intend, hope, expect, wish, long, manage refuse, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask, beg, demand help 加to 或 ing 区别不大的动词。 attempt, begin / start, bear , continue, intend, like, prefer, hate etc. 区别大的动词Mean try stop learn cant help go on regret remember forget mean 介词： but +to do sth.（除do以外的其它动词作谓 语时， but后接to do）略 but+doing sth. eg. In his spare time, he enjoys nothing but playing chess. eg. He just thinks of nothing but gaining more money. IngIng作宾语的作宾语的主动表被动 be be worth worth , , wantwant ( (需要需要) ), , need, need, require(require(三需三需 要，一值得要，一值得) )后所用的动名词后所用的动名词, ,必须用必须用主动主动 结构表示被动意义结构表示被动意义, ,例如例如: : Your hair Your hair wants/needswants/needs cutting cutting = Your hair = Your hair needs to be cutneeds to be cut . . 定 语 3、定语 主动与被动取决于被修饰的词 。 There are not many shoes for him_. A.to choose from B. to choose C. to be chosen from D. to be chosen A 当不定式所修饰的名词或代词是动词的宾 语，而句子的主语也是不定式的逻辑主语 时。 He bought some magazines to read . He has a family to support. To do作定语的主动表被动 位 置 不定式作后置定语。 eg. He is a good person to work with. 单个的分词作前置定语，分词短语作后置 定语。 a sleeping boy. a puzzling problem a developed country eg. He is a businessman growing rich in recent years. eg. He is a teacher respected by his students. 动名词作定语，只能是单个的动名词，不能 是其短语，用于表用途。 a sleeping car, a walking stick, a drinking cup, a fishing pole, etc. to be done / being done / done 作 定语时表示的时间概念 to be done表示将要发生的被动动作； being done表示正在进行的被动动作； done表示已经发生过的被动动作。 eg. The building to be completed will be the highest in the city. eg. The meeting being held at present is very important. eg. The dish cooked by Mrs. Green is very delicious. 表 语 4、表语 V-ing表示主动意义、正在进行和主语的性 质；过去分词表示被动意义、完成和主语 的状态。To do表示具体动作，特别是表 示将来的动作 北京32. I feel greatly honored _ into their society. A. to welcome B. welcoming C. to be welcomed D. welcomed Please remain _; the winner of the prize will be announced soon. A.seatingB. seated C. to seatD. to be seated B C 别忘了情绪类的及物动词的 ing , ed 都惯用成了形容词。 补 语 5、补语 如果是补充说明宾语，考虑与宾语的主动或 是被动关系(ing主动进行，ed被动完成， to do将来具体整个过程 如果是补充说明主语，考虑与主语的主动或 是被动关系，具体同上。 He raised his voice so as to make himself_. A.hear B. hearing C. be heardD. heard He was heard singing. We heard him sing yesterday. D 还是要隆重强调： 感官动词hear listen to see watch notice observe look at feel 使役动词keep make have get leave With的复合结构 见三维设计第二单元句型突破，和英语周 报（略） 以及宾补省to 状 语 6、状语 考虑与句子主语的主动或是被动关系。 _,the old man is living a happy life. A.Taking good care B. Taken good care C. Having taken good care D. Taken good care of _where to go, he asked a policeman the way. A. Having lost his way and not knowing B. Losing his way and didnt know C. Lost his way and not knowing D. Lost his way and didnt know D A to be done / being done / having been done / done作状语时，表示的时间概念。 to be done即将进行的被动动作 being done正在进行被动动作 having been done现在分词的动作发生在句子谓 语动词之前。 done不强调动作先后，表示谓语动词发生的原因 、条件、背景等。 eg. To be inspected, the workers are a bit nervous. eg. Being used now, this dictionary cant be lent to anybody. eg. Having been examined, he went to Dalian for a holiday. eg. Made of pure gold, this necklace is expensive. （原因） 主语主语+ +be+be+形容词形容词+ +不定式不定式” ”句型中句型中, , 形容词形容词easyeasy、difficultdifficult、heavyheavy、hardhard、 nicenice、bitterbitter、dangerousdangerous、interestinginteresting、 importantimportant、expensiveexpensive、comfortablecomfortable、 pleasantpleasant、impossibleimpossible 句中的句中的主