2016【最新】电大开放英语3形成性考核册.doc

开放英语3形成性考核册作业答案学前记录卡（p3-5）学习资源 学习资源是否拥有或了解详细信息利用情况文字教材是 否向学校教材科查询经常 偶尔 否录音教材是 否向学校教材科查询经常 偶尔 否录像教材是 否网址：进入路径:经常 偶尔 否多媒体学习系统是 否向学校教材科查询经常 偶尔 否中央电大网上文本辅导及课程讨论是否 网址：经常偶尔否 地方电大网上辅导是 否网址：进入路径:注册-登陆-开放教育本科-公共课-开放英语经常 偶尔否回顾与总结学习内容1、 到目前为止，你学过多少种时态？每种时态请分别写出一个例句。一般现在时： she gets up at 6 every morning.一般过去时： he went to the cinema last week.现在进行时： they are talking now.2、 你现在的词汇量约为1800词3、 英语中感觉最难的学习内容是: 间接引语4、 英语中还有哪些语言点没有掌握：定语从句5、 你认为自己在听说读写四项技能方面，哪项是优势，哪项应首先有待改进： 读方面是优势，写作方面有待改进。学习方法：1、 你每周用来学习这门课程的时间量(包括面授时间）超过7小时你认为所用时间充足吗: 充足2、 是否有明确的学习计划： 是是否能坚持已制定的学习计划: 是不能坚持计划的原因： 工作原因3、 你在每单元的面授课前自学完成的学习量为：一部分4、 学习中最常利用的学习资源依次为：教材、网上资源你认为对你帮助较大的资源为：教材5、 在学习中遇到困难，你是否做记录：是解决困难的途径： 从辅导教师处获得帮助本学期学习目标和计划学习目标：1、 听力方面：听完教材和练习磁带2、 口语方面：在小组讨论尽量说3、 阅读方面：做完阅读练习4、 写作方面：按单元要求写作，用英语写日记学习计划 学习计划表在计划要做的事情旁边打勾1、 我每周用5/6/7小时用来完成教材练习。2、 我要在辅导课前将不理解的难点记录下来，然后在辅导课上问同学或老师。3、 我要坚持听说读写同步练习。4、 我要积极参与辅导课，并充分抓住每一次表达的机会。5、 我要积极参与各项实践机会，比如英语角、英语沙龙等。6、 我要找一个同学组成学习小组，在学习过程中互相帮助。7、 我要在每学完每一单元时都做一个小结，了解自己的不足并设计改进的步骤。5/6/7学习记录卡1 unit1-6（p7-8）学习过程：1、辅导订前完成的学习内容：a、做教材中大部分练习 b、熟悉生词和词组c、将不懂的地方记录下来 d、其他2、辅导课上的学习任务：a、听辅导教师讲授 b、积极参与各项课堂教学话动c、解决疑难问题 d、其他3、辅导课后的学习内容：a、完成剩余的练习 b、复习主要语言点c、自己找一些练习题进一步巩固所学内容 d、其他4、希望辅导教师提供的帮助是：a、答疑解惑 b、系统归纳和讲解c、有针对性地讲解重点、难点 d、其他学习内容：学习方法 1、units 16 中主要学习了哪些重要的语法项目？一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时、过去进行时、used to do sth、一般过去时被动词态、定语从句、过去完成时2、 这六个单元中我感觉最难或还没有完全掌握的语言点是：如何谈论过去、如何谈论将来、如何描述趋势、always/forever/to keep doing用于描述行为、描述习惯、描述关系3、这六个单元中我最喜欢的话题是：an english mans home is his castle.印象最深的cultural notes是：care for the elderly阶段性学习体会：请总结一下你在这一阶段的学习情况。你可以把这一阶段你在学习中遇到的困难、困惑写下来，也可以把你的建议想法写下来跟老师和其他同学交流（略）（一定要自己写）作业1（units1-6）答案第一部分 交际用语1、d 2、a 3、c 4、b 5、b第二部分 英语知识运用二、选择填空6.d 7.b 8. d 9. a 10.b 11. c 12. d 13. b 14. a 15. b 三、 完型填空16. c 17. b 18. a 19. d 20. b 21. c 22. d 23. d 24. a 25. b第三部分：阅读理解短文理解126.b 27. d 28. b 29. c 30.a短文理解231. a 32. c 33. d 34. c 35.d短文理解336. t 37. t 38. ng 39. f 40.f第四部分 写作changes in life over the past twenty years or so, great changes have taken place in our life. take my family for example. my parents contacted others mainly by sending them letters in the past. but now we call long distance at home. and once my parents listened to the radio for news and other information. but now we get the news by watching tv. another big change is in my living conditions. when they got married about twenty years ago, my parents lived in a small room crowded with furniture. but now we have moved into a big new three-room apartment. in short, our life has become comfortable and convenient.学习记录卡2 units7-12（p15-16）学习过程：1、辅导订前完成的学习内容：a、做教材中大部分练习 b、熟悉生词和词组c、将不懂的地方记录下来 d、其他2、辅导课上的学习任务：a、听辅导教师讲授 b、积极参与各项课堂教学话动c、解决疑难问题 d、其他3、辅导课后的学习内容：a、完成剩余的练习 b、复习主要语言点c、自己找一些练习题进一步巩固所学内容 d、其他4、希望辅导教师提供的帮助是：a、答疑解惑 b、系统归纳和讲解c、有针对性地讲解重点、难点 d、其他学习内容：学习方法 1、units 712 中主要学习了哪些重要的语法项目？现在进行时及被动语态、一般过去时的被动语态、祈使句、虚拟条件句、过去进行时句被动语态、间接引语2、这六个单元中我感觉最难或还没有完全掌握的语言点是：间接引语3、这六个单元中我最喜欢的话题是：international travel印象最深的cultural notes是：voluntary work阶段性学习体会：请总结一下你在这一阶段的学习情况。你可以把这一阶段你在学习中遇到的困难、困惑写下来，也可以把你的建议想法写下来跟老师和其他同学交流。（略）（一定要自己写）作业2 ( units7-12)答案第一部分 交际用语1、c 2、a3、d 4、d 5、d第二部分 英语知识运用二、选择填空6. d 7. b 8. b 9. c 10. c 11.a 12. b 13. b 14. a 15.b三、 完型填空16.c 17.b 18. d 19.d 20. b 21.c 22. a 23.c 24. a 25. c第三部分：阅读理解短文理解126.b 27. c 28.d 29.b 30.c短文理解231.a 32. d 33.c 34.d 35.b短文理解336. f 37. f 38. t 39. f 40.ng第四部分 写作how to keep healthynowadays, more and more people know the importance of keeping healthy. without a healthy body, we can do nothing. for me, there are three main ways to keep healthy.first, is necessary to keep a balanced diet, which is the basis of good health. it is better for us to have more fruit and vegetables everyday. secondly, it is important to take regular exercises, such as swimming, jogging and so on. last but not least, it is essential to keep in a good mood. relaxation and entertainment are ways to renew our spirits and release our stress.when we make healthy habits a part of our everyday life, we are bound to keep healthy. 学习记录卡3（units 1318）（p25-26）学习过程：1、辅导订前完成的学习内容：a、做教材中大部分练习 b、熟悉生词和词组c、将不懂的地方记录下来 d、其他2、辅导课上的学习任务：a、听辅导教师讲授 b、积极参与各项课堂教学话动c、解决疑难问题 d、其他3、辅导课后的学习内容：a、完成剩余的练习 b、复习主要语言点c、自己找一些练习题进一步巩固所学内容 d、其他4、希望辅导教师提供的帮助是：a、答疑解惑 b、系统归纳和讲解c、有针对性地讲解重点、难点 d、其他学习内容：学习方法 1、units 1318 中主要学习了哪些重要的语法项目？动名词与动词不定式、非限定性定语从句、将来完成时、现在进行时的被动语态、现在完成时的被动语态、间接引语和间接引语、反意疑问句2、这六个单元中我感觉最难或还没有完全掌握的语言点是：非限定性定语从句3、这六个单元中我最喜欢的话题是：describe towns印象最深的cultural notes是：the city阶段性学习体会：请总结一下你在这一阶段的学习情况。你可以把这一阶段你在学习中遇到的困难、困惑写下来，也可以把你的建议想法写下来跟老师和其他同学交流。（略）（一定要自己写）作业3 （units 1318）第一部分 交际用语1、a 2、c 3、 a 4、b 5、a第二部分 英语知识运用二、选择填空6.a 7.a 8. b 9.b 10. c 11. a 12.b 13.a 14.b 15. b三、 完型填空16. b 17.c 18. a 19.a 20. c 21. d 22. c 23.a 24.c 25. d第三部分：阅读理解短文理解126.a 27.c 28.b 29.b 30.c短文理解231.d 32. d 33.b 34.d 35.c短文理解336.f 37. t 38. ng 39. f 40.t第四部分 写作my tv university lifei am engaged in long distance education. i can study with the help of a tutor. we attend the webbased courses, we join online discussion forums, i can study at anytime and anywhere. i send our homework to the tutor. the classmates and i solve the difficulties and puzzles in tutorial or on the internet. we can learn important knowledge from the web courses, and talk about the courses in online discussion forums. i like my study life请您删除一下内容，o(_)o谢谢！2016年中央电大期末复习考试小抄大全，电大期末考试必备小抄，电大考试必过小抄acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter released from nerve endings (terminals) in both the peripheral and the central nervous systems. it is synthesized within the nerve terminal from choline, taken up from the tissue fluid into the nerve ending by a specialized transport mechanism. the enzyme necessary for this synthesis is formed in the nerve cell body and passes down the axon to its end, carried in the axoplasmic flow, the slow movement of intracellular substance (cytoplasm). acetylcholine is stored in the nerve terminal, sequestered in small vesicles awaiting release. when a nerve action potential reaches and invades the nerve terminal, a shower of acetylcholine vesicles is released into the junction (synapse) between the nerve terminal and the effector cell which the nerve activates. this may be another nerve cell or a muscle or gland cell. thus electrical signals are converted to chemical signals, allowing messages to be passed between nerve cells or between nerve cells and non-nerve cells. this process is termed chemical neurotransmission and was first demonstrated, for nerves to the heart, by the german pharmacologist loewi in 1921. chemical transmission involving acetylcholine is known as cholinergic. acetylcholine acts as a transmitter between motor nerves and the fibres of skeletal muscle at all neuromuscular junctions. at this type of synapse, the nerve terminal is closely apposed to the cell membrane of a muscle fibre at the so-called motor end plate. on release, acetylcholine acts almost instantly, to cause a sequence of chemical and physical events (starting with depolarization of the motor endplate) which cause contraction of the muscle fibre. this is exactly what is required for voluntary muscles in which a rapid response to a command is required. the action of acetylcholine is terminated rapidly, in around 10 milliseconds; an enzyme (cholinesterase) breaks the transmitter down into choline and an acetate ion. the choline is then available for re-uptake into the nerve terminal. these same principles apply to cholinergic transmission at sites other than neuromuscular junctions, although the structure of the synapses differs. in the autonomic nervous system these include nerve-to-nerve synapses at the relay stations (ganglia) in both the sympathetic and the parasympathetic divisions, and the endings of parasympathetic nerve fibres on non-voluntary (smooth) muscle, the heart, and glandular cells; in response to activation of this nerve supply, smooth muscle contracts (notably in the gut), the frequency of heart beat is slowed, and glands secrete. acetylcholine is also an important transmitter at many sites in the brain at nerve-to-nerve synapses. to understand how acetylcholine brings about a variety of effects in different cells it is necessary to understand membrane receptors. in post-synaptic membranes (those of the cells on which the nerve fibres terminate) there are many different sorts of receptors and some are receptors for acetylcholine. these are protein molecules that react specifically with acetylcholine in a reversible fashion. it is the complex of receptor combined with acetylcholine which brings about a biophysical reaction, resulting in the response from the receptive cell. two major types of acetylcholine receptors exist in the membranes of cells. the type in skeletal muscle is known as nicotinic; in glands, smooth muscle, and the heart they are muscarinic; and there are some of each type in the brain. these terms are used because nicotine mimics the action of acetylcholine at nicotinic receptors, whereas muscarine, an alkaloid from the mushroom amanita muscaria, mimics the action of acetylcholine at the muscarinic receptors. acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter produced by neurons referred to as cholinergic neurons. in the peripheral nervous system acetylcholine plays a role in skeletal muscle movement, as well as in the regulation of smooth muscle and cardiac muscle. in the central nervous system acetylcholine is believed to be involved in learning, memory, and mood. acetylcholine is synthesized from choline and acetyl coenzyme a through the action of the enzyme choline acetyltransferase and becomes packaged into membrane-boundvesicles. after the arrival of a nerve signal at the termination of an axon, the vesicles fuse with the cell membrane, causing the release of acetylcholine into thesynaptic cleft. for the nerve signal to continue, acetylcholine must diffuse to another nearby neuron or muscle cell, where it will bind and activate areceptorprotein. there are two main types of cholinergic receptors, nicotinic and muscarinic. nicotinic receptors are located at synapses between two neurons and at synapses between neurons and skeletal muscle cells. upon activation a nicotinic receptor acts as a channel for the movement of ions into and out of the neuron, directly resulting indepolarizationof the neuron. muscarinic receptors, located at the synapses of nerves with smooth or cardiac muscle, trigger a chain of chemical events referred to as signal transduction. for a cholinergic neuron to receive another impulse, acetylcholine must be released from the receptor to which it has bound. this will only happen if the concentration of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft is very low. low synaptic concentrations of acetylcholine can be maintained via a hydrolysis reaction catalyzed by the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. this enzyme hydrolyzes acetylcholine into acetic acid and choline. if acetylcholinesterase activity is inhibited, the synaptic concentration of acetylcholine will remain higher than normal. if this inhibition is irreversible, as in the case of exposure to many nerve gases and some pesticides, sweating, bronchial constriction, convulsions, paralysis, and possibly death can occur. although irreversible inhibition is dangerous, beneficial effects may be derived from transient (reversible) inhibition. drugs that inhibit acetylcholinesterase in a reversible manner have been shown to improve memory in some people with alzheimers disease. abstract expressionism, movement of abstract painting that emerged in new york city during the mid-1940s and attained singular prominence in american art in the following decade; also called action painting and the new york school. it was the first important school in american painting to declare its independence from european styles and to influence the development of art abroad. arshile gorky first gave impetus to the movement. his paintings, derived at first from the art of picasso, mir, and surrealism, became more personally expressive. jackson pollocks turbulent yet elegant abstract paintings, which were created by spattering paint on huge canvases placed on the floor, brought abstract expressionism before a hostile public. willem de koonings first one-man show in 1948 established him as a highly influential artist. his intensely complicated abstract paintings of the 1940s were followed by images of woman, grotesque versions of buxom womanhood, which were virtually unparalleled in the sustained savagery of their execution. painters such as philip guston and franz kline turned to the abstract late in the 1940s and soon developed strikingly original stylesthe former, lyrical and evocative, the latter, forceful and boldly dramatic. other important artists involved with the movement included hans hofmann, robert motherwell, and mark rothko; among other major abstract expressionists were such painters as clyfford still, theodoros stamos, adolph gottlieb, helen frankenthaler, lee krasner, and esteban vicente. abstract expressionism presented a broad range of stylistic diversity within its largely, though not exclusively, nonrepresentational framework. for example, the expressive violence and activity in paintings by de kooning or pollock marked the opposite end of the pole from the simple, quiescent images of mark rothko. basic to most abstract expressionist painting were the attention paid to surface qualities, i.e., qualities of brushstroke and texture; the use of huge canvases; the adoption of an approach to space in which all parts of the canvas played an equally vital role in the total work; the harnessing of accidents that occurred during the process of painting; the glorification of the act of painting itself as a means of visual communication; and the attempt to transfer pure emotion directly onto the canvas. the movement had an inestimable influence on the many varieties of work that followed it, especially in the way its proponents used color and materials. its essential energy transmitted an enduring excitement to the american art scene. science and technology is quite a broad category, and it covers everything from studying the stars and the planets to studying molecules and viruses. beginning with the greeks and hipparchus, continuing through ptolemy, copernicus and galileo, and today with our work on the international space station, man continues to learn more and more about the heavens. from here, we look inward to biochemistry and biology. to truly understand biochemistry, scientists study and see the unseen bystudying the chemistry of biological processes. this science, along with biophysics, aims to bring a better understanding of how bodies work from how we turn food into energy to how nerve impulses transmit.analytic geometry, branch ofgeometryin which points are represented with respect to a coordinate system, such ascartesian coordinates, and in which the approach to geometric problems is primarily algebraic. its most common application is in the representation of equations involving two or three variables as curves in two or three dimensions or surfaces in three dimensions. for example, the linear equationax+by+c=0 represents a straight line in thexy-plane, and the linear equationax+by+cz+d=0 represents a plane in space, wherea, b, c,anddare constant numbers (coefficients). in this way a geometric problem can be translated into an algebraic problem and the methods of algebra brought to bear on its solution. conversely, the solution of a problem in algebra, such as finding the roots of an equation or system of equations, can be estimated or sometimes given exactly by geometric means, e.g., plotting curves and surfaces and determining points of intersection. in plane analytic geometry a line is frequently described in terms of its slope, which expresses its inclination to the coordinate axes; technically, the slopemof a straight line is the (trigonometric) tangent of the angle it makes with thex-axis. if the line is parallel to thex-axis, its slope is zero. two or more lines with equal slopes are parallel to one another. in general, the slope of the line through the points (x1,y1) and (x2,y2) is given bym= (y2-y1) / (x2-x1). the conic sections are treated in analytic geometry as the curves corresponding to the general quadratic equationax2+bxy+cy2+dx+ey+f=0, wherea, b, fare constants anda, b,andcare not all zero. in solid analytic geometry the orientation of a straight line is given not by one slope but by its direction cosines, , , and , the cosines of the angles the line makes with thex-, y-,andz-axes, respectively; these satisfy the relationship 2+2+2= 1. in the same way that the conic sections are studied in two dimensions, the 17 quadric surfaces, e.g., the ellipsoid, paraboloid, and elliptic paraboloid, are studied in solid analytic geometry in terms of the general equationax2+by2+cz2+dxy+exz+fyz+px+qy+rz+s=0. the methods of analytic geometry have been generalized to four or more dimensions and have been combined with other branches of geometry. analytic geometry was introduced by rendescartesin 1637 and was of fundamental importance in the development of thecalculusby sir isaac newton and g. w. leibniz in the late 17th cent. more recently it has served as the basis for the modern development and exploitation ofalgebraic geometry. circle, closed plane curve consisting of a