2016年高考上海卷英语试题(解析版).doc

绝密启用前 2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷） 英语试卷 考生注意：1. 考试时间120分钟, 试卷满分150分。2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。试卷分为第I卷（第112页）和第II卷（第13页），全卷共13页。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反而清楚地填写姓名。第I卷(共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. It is satisfactory. B. It is luxurious.C. It is old-fashioned. D. It is disappointing.2. A. On August 5th. B. On August 6th. C. On August 7th. D. On August 8th.3. A. A waiter. B. A butcher. C. A porter. D. A farmer.4. A. In a theatre. B. In a library. C. In a booking office. D. In a furniture store.5. A. She expected to a better show. B. She could hardly find her seat. C. She wasnt interested in the show. D. She didnt get a favourable seat. 6. A. The woman often eats out for breakfast. B. The cafeteria serves good breakfast. C. The woman doesnt have breakfast. D. The cafeteria doesnt serve breakfast.7. A. Selling cucumbers. B. Planting vegetables. C. Cooking a meal. D. Picking tomatoes.8. A. The man should work hard. B. The man should turn down the job offer. C. The man may have another chance. D. The man can apply for the job again.9. A. It is a hot and smoggy day. B. There is a traffic jam on King Street. C. A vehicle is polluting the air. D. The man is reading a report online.10. A. Its ending is not good enough. B. Its special effects are not satisfying. C. It deserves an award. D. It is good except for the scary part.Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.$1. B.$2 C.$3 D.$52.12.A.Paythebillsfirst.B.Spend2%ofthesalaryonlivingexpenses.C.Deposit$1000everymonth.D.Putpartofthemoneyinasavingsaccount.13.A.Methodsofsavingmoney.B.Savingmoneyforfamilyemergencies.C.Theimportanceofsavingmoney.D.Secretsofspendingmoneywisely.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Freeeducation.B.Asumofmoney.C.Donationsfromalocalnewspaper.D.Giftsfrommanypeople.15.A.Letstudentsinbeforeschool.B.Offericecreamandcoffee.C.Introduceabankintothecampus.D.Reducethetrafficjamsaround.16.A.Itlackspositivenews.B.Itshouldgrowintoabigcity.C.Itisaplaceworthlivingin.D.Itremainspeacefulandquiet.Section C Directions: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Class Diary (June 13-19)SUNMON 17 for after-class activity applicationTUEWEDHanding in three student 18 THUBasketball Club meetingTime:12:451:30pm Place: The 19 FRIFilling in a form with up-to-date personal dataTime: 20 break Place: The computer roomSATBlank 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.Who is Sue Walter?She is 21 in court and a writer.What is Sues suggestion for people with difficulties? 22 In Sues eyes, what is the best part about her job? 23 in decision-making.What does Sue think happiness is? 24 【答案】1.D2. B 3.A 4.B 5.D 6.C 7.B 8.C 9.C 10.A11.C12.D 13.A 14.B 15.A 16.C 17.Deadline18. photos19.stadium 20. Lunch21.a(famous) judge 22.Asking for help 23.Having a voice 24.Sharing (with others)II. Grammar and VocabularySection A Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Bags of Love Last year, I was assigned to work at an office near my mothers house, so I stayed with her for a month. During that time, I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries. After less than a week, I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly we were always suddenly out of something. (25)_(wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks. To my surprise, I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine. Eventually, I decided to follow her and (26)_ happened truly amazed me. She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in (27)_ she distributed it to children. I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area. The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother. Then it hit me why would she not want to tell me about what she (28)_(do)? Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop (29)_(buy) the groceries if I found out? When she got home, I told her about my discovery. (30)_ she could react, I gave her a big hug and told her she didnt need to keep it a secret (31)_ me. She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets. For years, my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare. I was so impressed by (32)_ selfless she was.【答案】25.Wondering 26.what27.which28.haddone 29.buying 30.Before31.from 32.how【解析】试题分析：本文属于记叙文，我在无意中发现妈妈偷偷地帮助难民，赞美了妈妈善良无私的美丽品质。25.Wondering 考查现在分词做状语。动词wonder与本句主语I构成主动关系，所以使用现在分词wondering在句中做状语。26.what考查主语从句。本句中连接代词what引导主语从句what happened并在句中做主语。句意：发生的事情真让我很惊讶。27.which考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是the refugee camp，关系代词which指代先行词在定语从句中作为介词in的宾语，in which相当于关系副词where。28.haddone考查时态。根据上下文告诉我们“我”被派到妈妈家附近工作，这是过去发生的事情，而妈妈帮助难民是在我来这里工作之前就发生的事情，所以应该使用过去完成时表示过去的过去发生的事情。29.buying固定搭配。Stop doing sth 停止做某事。30.before 题干中是she could react, I gave her a big hug两个简单句不能用逗号分隔，说明前面要填连词，before连接时间状语从句，表示“来不及.就.”，句意：在母亲还没来得及反应，我就紧紧抱住了她。31.form 固定搭配，keep from隐瞒。题干中 keep it secret from me 的意思是对我保守秘密。32.how考查宾语从句。本句中表语从句how selfless she was作为介词by的宾语，因为selfless是形容词，所以使用how来引导这个从句，用法和感叹句类似。【名师点睛】连词before最主要的含义为“在.之前”，但在不同的语境中有不同的翻译方法。本文中before意为“还没来得及.就.”。before作为连词，其基本含义是“在之前”，又可以根据不同语境灵活翻译成“才”、“还没来得及就”、“趁”、“就”等。具体用法如下：1)与情态动词can/could连用这时候从句虽为肯定形式，根据汉语表达习惯译成“还没来得及就”，如：Before I could get in a word，he had measured me.我还没来得及插话他就为我量好了尺寸。Before she could move，she heard a loud noise，which grew to a terrible roar.她还没来得及迈步，就听见一声巨响，接着就是可怕的隆隆轰鸣。 2)用于肯定句中强调主句所表达的时间，距离长，或花费的精力大，译成“才”We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw lands.我们航行了四天四夜才看到陆地。We waited a long time before the train arrived.我们等了很长时间火车才到。3)用于否定句中，强调主句所表达的时间，距离短，或花费的精力小，译成“不到就”如：We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired. 我们跑了还不到一英里他就累了。4)主句含有hardly，scarcely等半否定副词时可以译为“刚就”这时候主句应用过去完成时态，从句用过去时，还可以用when替代before如：We had scarcely reached the school before/when the bell rang.我们刚到学校铃声就响了。5)有时还有“宁愿”的意思Id shoot myself before I apologized to him. 我宁死也不向他道歉。6)用于“It +be/take+时间段+before句型”在这一句型中又可以根据主从句的时态分成两种情况。若主句是一般时将来时态，从句是一般现在时.若主句是肯定句意思是“要过多长时间才”；若主句是否定形式翻译成“用不了多久就”。It will be two weeks before everything returns to normal.两周之后一切才能恢复正常。It will be many years before the situation improves. 这种状况或许要过许多年才能得以改善。It wont be long before we meet again.用不了多久我们就会再见面的。这时若主句是一般过去时从句也是一般过去时。若主句是肯定句翻译成“多长时间之后才”，若主句是否定形式翻译成“没过多久就”。如：It was some time before I realized the truth.过了很长一段时间我才了解到真相。It wasnt long before she became a brave solider.没过多久她就成了一名勇敢的战士。After that it still took seven years before they got married.他们又过了七年才结婚。考点：考查语法填空(B)Stress: Good or Bad? Stress used to be an almost unknown word, but now that we are used to talking about it, I have found that people are beginning to get stressed about being stressed. In recent years, stress(33)_(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness. But like so many other things, it is only too much stress(34)_ does you harm. It is time you considered that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little. If you are stuck at home with no stress, then your level of performance will be low. Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the (35)_(good) your performance will be. Beyond a certain point, though , further stress will only lead to exhaustion, illness and finally a breakdown. You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward slope, by asking yourself (36)_ number of questions. Do you, for instance, feel that too much is being expected of (37)_, and yet find it impossible to say no? Do you find yourself getting impatient or(38) _(annoy) with people over unimportant things?. If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better(39)_(control ) your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you. To some extent you can control the amount of stress in your life. Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various events. Getting married is 50, pregnancy 40, moving house 20, Christmas 12,etc. If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely (40)_ (get )ill.【答案】33.hasbeenregarded 34.that 35.better 36.a37.you38.annoyed39.control 40.toget【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇说明文，压力成为了我们生活中常见的一个词汇。文章告诉我们一定范围之内的压力能促进我们的工作，但一旦压力过大，就会给我们的生活带来很多负面的影响。33.hasbeenregarded考查时态语态。本句的时间状语是in recent years最近几年以来，该时间状语通常和现在完成时连用，且句子主语stress与动词regard构成被动关系，所以使用现在完成时的被动语态形式has been regarded。34. that 考查强调句型。强调句型的基本结构为It is/was被强调成分that/who其它成分；其最大的特点就是去掉it is/wasthat/who句子仍然成立。要注意强调句型能强调除谓语动词以为的所有的句子成分。本句强调的是句子主语only too much stress。35. better 考查固定句式“The+比较级.， the+比较级”意为“越.就越.”。本句句意：你承受的压力越大，你的表现就会越好。所以本空使用good的比较级形式better.36. a 考查固定短语。短语a number of许多，大量；该形容词短语通常做定语修饰可数名词复数形式，本句中使用a number of修饰可数名词复数形式questions。37. you 考查上下文串联。句意：例如，你是否感觉到对你期待得太多了？本句的主语是you，所以仍然使用宾格you作为介词of的宾语。38.annoyed考查形容词。形容词annoyed恼怒的，该词是由过去分词转换而来的形容词，通常修饰人。本句中该词和impatient构成并列关系一起和系动词get构成系表结构。39.control考查固定搭配。动词短语had better do sth最好做某事；“had better”是情态动词，后面要接动词原形。40.toget 考查形容词短语。形容词短语be likely to do sth可能做某事；句意：如果你生活中的压力超过150，你就非常有可能生病了。【名师点睛】本文考查了强调句型的用法。强调句是一种修辞方法，是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式：强调句型：“Itis（was）被强调的部分that（who）原句其它部分”来强调说话人的意愿：ItwasonMondaynightthatallthishappened所有这一切发生在周一晚上。Itsmethatheblamed他怪的是我。强调句型最重要的句型是：Itis(was)被强调部分thatwho句子的其它成份。英语中许多句子常常可以通过强调句型对句子的不同成份进行强调。如：Itistheywhothatwillhaveameetingtomorrow(强调主语)Itisameetingthattheywillhavetomorrow(强调宾语)Itistomorrowthattheywillhaveameeting(强调时间状语)应注意的要点:1强调句型可以用来强调主语、宾语（包括介词宾语）和状语。其中的it本身没有词义。2强调句中的连接词一般只用who(指人)或that(可指物，也可指人)，若被强调的是状语，也只能用that，而不能用when或者where。而且连接词都不能省略。如：Itwasintheparkthathemetanoldfriendyesterday(虽然强调的是地点，但不能用where。)3强调句子的主语时，that或who之后的谓语动词的人称和数要与它前面被强调的名词或代词一致。如：ItisMaryandTomwhooftendogooddeeds4强调句型的时态常见的有两种：一般现在时和一般过去时。即Itisthatwho和Itwasthatwho。如：Itwasthewayheaskedthatreallyupsetme5判断一个句子是否是强调句的方法是：如果将句中的Itiswasthatwho去掉，经整理后还是一个完整的句子，本句就是强调句。否则，就不是。如：Itwasintodaysnewspaperthatwefoundthenews去掉Itwasthat之后，句子可以整理为:Wefoundthenewsintodaysnewspaper这是一个完整的句子，故本句是强调句。常见考法:1用介词短语来作为被强调的部分。如：ItwasforthisreasonthatheleftthatschoolItwasinthiswaythathesolvedtheproblem2用时间状语从句、条件状语从句等作为被强调的部分。如：ItwasonlywhenIrereadhispoemsthatIbegantoappreciatetheirbeauty3用notuntil复杂结构作为被强调的部分。如：ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasafilmstarItwasnotuntil1920thatregularradiobroadcastsbegan4在被强调的部分后接定语从句，使句子结构更加复杂。如：ItwasonJuly7th1975whenhewasbornthathisfatherdied5通过句型转换来进行考查。如把肯定句改成一般疑问句或特殊疑问句，或把肯定句改成否定句或否定疑问句等。如：WasitduringtheSecondWorldWarthathedied？Whenwasitthatthesportsmeetingbegan？ItwasnotTomthatstolethebookWasntithethathadmadeamistake？6通过改变系动词的形式来进行考查。强调句型的系动词除了用is或was外，还可以在其前面加上maymightmust等表示推测的情态动词。如：Itmightbehimthatyoumetyesterday考点：考查语法填空Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. account B. adjustable C. appliances D. capture E. decorations F. direct G. experiment H. intended I. operated J. soulless K. squeezeGolden Rules of Good DesignWhat makes good design? Over the years, designers and artists have been trying to 41 the essentials of good design. They have found that some sayings can help people understand the ideas of good design. There are four as follows.Less is more. This saying is associated with the German-born architect Mies van der Rohe. In his Modernist view, beauty lies in simplicity and elegance, and the aim of the designer is to create solutions to problems through the most efficient means. Design should avoid unnecessary 42 More is not a bore. The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly, the result is 43 design. Post-Modernist designers began to 44 with decoration and color again. Product design was heavily influenced by this view and can be seen in kitchen 45 such as ovens and kettles. Fitness for purpose. Successful product design takes into consideration a products function, purpose, shape, form, color, and so on. The most important result for the user is that the product does what is 46 . For example, think of a(n) 47 desk lamp. It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user. It also needs to be stable. Most importantly, it needs to 48 light where it is needed. From follows emotion. This phrase is associated with the German designer Hartmut Esslinger. He believes design must take into 49 the sensory side of our naturesight, smell, touch and taste. These are as important as rational(理性的). When choosing everyday products such as toothpaste, we appreciate a cool-looking device that allows us to easily 50 the toothpaste onto our brush.【答案】41.D 42.E 43.J 44.G 45.C 46.H 47.B 48.F 49.A 50.K【解析】试题分析：本文属于说明文，告诉我们好的设计应包括四个黄金定律：简约、功能以及情感等等。41.答案D。动词capture这里表示“抓住；控制”，动词的宾语部分是the essentials of good design（优秀设计的本质）。这些年来，设计者和美术工作者们一直在努力抓住优秀设计的本质。42.答案E。名词decoration表示“装饰物”，decorations作动词avoid（避免）的宾语。设计应该避免不必要的装饰品。43.答案J。形容词soulless表示“死板的；无生气的”，soulless修饰design，soulless design表示死气沉沉的设计，soulless与前面的simplicity相互照应。美国出生的建筑师Robert Venturi总结说如果简明是差劲地做出的简明，那么结果会是毫无生机的设计。44.答案G。动词短语experiment with表示“测试；试验”，动词的宾语为decoration and color（装饰和色彩）。后现代设计师开始再次尝试装饰和颜色。45.答案C。名词appliance在这里表示“家用器具”。本句中的名词组合kitchen appliances（厨房器具）与后面的名词组合ovens and kettles（烤箱和水壶）相互照应。产品设计为这种观点所严重影响，而这种设计可以在如烤箱和水壶这类厨房器具中看到。46.答案H。动词intend表示“打算；想要；有意设计”，动词intend在句中的宾语为宾语从句的连接代词what，动词intend与前文的a products function, purpose, shape, form, color（一个产品的功能、目的、形状、式样、颜色）有相关性。对于使用者来说最重要的是产品实现想要的功能。47.答案B。形容词adjustable表示“可调整的”，修饰名词组合desk lamp，adjustable desk lamp表示“可调整的台灯”，adjustable与后文的regular adjustments相互照应。例如，考虑一个可调节的台灯。它需要用可以抵挡灯的热量和使用者常规调整的材料制成。48.答案F。动词direct在这里表示“投射；投向”。句中动词的宾语为light（灯光）。最重要的是，它需要把光照到需要的位置。49.答案A。名词account用于动词短语take into account，表示“考虑”。他相信设计必须考虑到我们天性的感官方面视觉、嗅觉、触觉和味觉。50.答案K。动词squeeze表示“挤压”，句中动词squeeze的宾语为toothpaste（牙膏）。当选择牙膏类的日常用品时，我们欣赏一件外观清爽的可以让我们把牙膏方便地挤到牙刷上的设计品。【名师点睛】在选词填空中，很重要的一点就是要确认空格词的词汇。下面给大家一些确认空格词词性的小规律：1. 确定空格为名词(1)如果空格前面为冠词a /an/the、形容词或者及物动词.，空格处应填入名词；(2)如果空格前面是介词，空格充当该介词的宾语，需填入一个名词。 (3)如果空格后面是谓语动词的，且空格前没有句子主语，空格处应填入该动词的主语(名词)； 2. 确定空格为动词(1)如果空格前面已经有名词或代词做主语，后面又有名词或代词作为动词的宾语，且中间无谓语动词，空格处应为及物动词；如F动词direct对准，指挥；(2)如果空格处前面是be动词，后面又无宾语且句意为被动，空格中应填及物动词的过去分词；(3)如果空格前面是名词或代词做主语，后面没有宾语或有一个介词加宾语(4)如果空格处前面是名词或代词做主语，后面是形容词，空格应填入系动词或be动词；(5)如果空格处前有不定式标志to，空格处应填入动词原形；另一种情况to是介词，后面应填入动名词。3. 确定空格为形容词(1)如果空格后面为名词的，空格处可能填入形容词；如47.形容词adjustable可调节的(2)如果空格处前面是副词的，空格处可能填入形容词；(3)如果空格处前面是系动词或be动词的，空格处可能填入形容词作表语。如46.形容词intended预期的；4. 确定空格为副词(1) 如果空格处前面或者后面为动词的，空格处可能填入副词。(2) 如果空格处后面是形容词的，空格处可能填入副词。考点：考查选词填空III. Reading ComprehensionSection A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 51 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.In any ca