高考英语二轮复习与策略 第1部分 专题1 单项填空 第10讲 代词和介词（短语）讲练

系统掌握蕴含其中的马克思主义立场观点方法，要在系统学习、深刻领会、科学把握习近平教育思想上下功夫。精心组织开展学习宣传贯彻习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神知识问答活动。第十讲代词和介词(短语)1(2015江苏高考，34)Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around _ Thomas Edison.Athanks toBregardless ofCaside fromDbut forD本题考查介词短语意义辨析。句意：要不是托马斯爱迪生，我们现在从中受益的很多东西就不会存在。由would可以看出本句用了虚拟语气，在所给选项中只有but for可以引出含蓄虚拟条件，故选D项。thanks to由于；regardless of不管；aside from除了之外；but for要不是。2(2014江苏高考，24)Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usually does pushups too to stay _Ain placeBin orderCin shapeDin fashionC本题结合“inn.”构成的介词短语意义辨析考查语境选词。句意：汤姆总是在早晨慢跑，他通常也做俯卧撑来保持_。in place在适当的位置，在正确的位置，适当的，恰当的；in order整齐，秩序井然；in shape健康状况良好；in fashion流行。根据题干中的goes jogging(慢跑)和does pushups(做俯卧撑)可知，是为了保持健康(stay in shape)。 【导学号：57732018】3(2014江苏高考，34)Good families are much to all their members，but _to none.AsomethingBanythingCeverythingDnothingC本题考查不定代词的词义辨析。本题这句话来自Jane Howard做出的有关家庭的思考。其句意是：优秀的家庭对她的成员们来说意味着很多，但并不是一切(everything)。but表示转折关系，none相当于not.any.，故but everything to none可转化为：but they are not everything to any one of their members，属于部分否定。故选择C项。4(2016天津高考，2)The dictionary is_：many words have been added to the language since it was published.Aout of controlBout of dateCout of sightDout of reachB考查“out of名词”型短语意义辨析。句意：这部词典过时(out of date)了：自从它出版以来，这门语言已增添了许多单词。B项out of date意为“过时”，符合语境。out of control失控；out of sight看不见；out of reach够不着。5(2016浙江高考，3)In many ways，the education system in the US is not very different from _in the UK.AthatBthisConeDitA考查替代词。句意：在很多方面，美国的教育体系与英国的并没有很大的不同。A项that代替前面的the education system，符合句意。this这个；one泛指上文提到过的同类事物中的一个；it指代上文提到过的同一事物。6(2016浙江高考，6)That young man is honest，cooperative，always there when you need his help._，hes reliable.AOr elseBIn shortCBy the wayDFor one thingB考查介词短语意义辨析。句意：那个年轻人诚实而且善于合作，总是在你需要他帮助的时候出现。总之(in short)，他值得信赖。in short意为“总之，简言之”，符合语境。or else否则，要不然；by the way顺便说一下；for one thing一方面。7(2016浙江高考，7)The study suggests that the cultures we grow up _ influence the basic processes by which we see the world around us.AonBinCatDaboutB考查介词。句意：该项研究表明，我们成长的文化环境会影响我们看周围世界的基本过程。in the cultures 在的文化中，为固定搭配，故选B项。8(2015浙江高考，3)Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes_animals both on land and sea?AaboutBtoCwithDoverB本题考查固定搭配。句意：你听说过是海陆两栖动物栖息地的树吗？be home to为固定搭配，意为“是的栖息地，是的家园”。9(2015浙江高考，12)How would you like_if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut if off without asking you?AthemBoneCthoseDitD本题考查代词的用法。句意：如果你正在看最喜欢的电视节目，有人走进来，不说一声就关掉了电视，你会作何感想？it指代if you were watching.asking you这件事。How would you like it if.？如果，你作何感想？可以当作固定句式记忆。10(2015浙江高考，17)These comments came_specific questions often asked by local newsmen.Ain memory ofBin response toCin touch withDin possession ofB本题考查短语意义辨析。句意：这些评论是_当地记者常提出的各种具体问题的。in memory of为了纪念；in response to回答，响应；in touch with与有联系；in possession of拥有，占有。根据句子的关键信息these comments和specific questions可知，此处表示这些评论是对各种具体问题的回答，故选B项。一、常考代词的基本用法1指示代词this，that，these，those，such，so的用法指示代词用法this/these指在时间或空间上较近的人或事物；this可指下文将要谈到的人或物that/those指在时间或空间上较远的人或事物；that可指上文提到过的人或物such指代前面所叙述的人或事物。作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于后面的名词或代词的数so代替一个句子或短语所表达的事情，意思是“如此，这样”。在believe，think，expect，suppose，imagine，guess等词后用so代替前文提出的观点2.one，ones，the one，the ones，that，those，it代替名词时的区别替代词用法one替代上文单数可数名词，表泛指，同类不同一，相当于“a/an单数名词”onesone的复数形式。替代上文出现的名词复数，表泛指，同类不同一the one替代上文出现的可数名词单数，表特指，同类不同一，相当于“the单数名词”the onesthe one的复数形式。替代上文出现的复数名词，表特指(有后置定语时相当于those)，同类不同一that替代上文出现的单数可数名词或不可数名词，表特指，同类不同一，相当于“the单数可数名词/不可数名词”。一般不和冠词连用，其后总有修饰语thosethat的复数形式。替代上文出现的复数名词(尤其是有后置定语时)，表特指，同类不同一it替代上文提到的“同一”事物。不能带任何修饰语3.疑问词what的用法(1)what常用于询问他人的职业、外貌、性格特征等。You have met our new teacher.What does he look like?(2)what的常用句式：What is4不定代词的用法不定代词用法each/both/alleach指“(两者或两者以上物或人中的)每个”；both表示“两者都”；all指“(三者或三者以上物或人中的)所有，全部”either/neithereither表示“(两者中的)任何一个”；neither表示“两者都不”none/nothingnone表示“(三者或三者以上)全无，没有一点”；nothing表示“没有任何东西，没有事”anotheranother泛指“(三者或三者以上中的)另一，又一”other/othersother泛指“其余的，另外的”，只作定语。other复数名词othersthe other/the othersthe other特指“(两者之中的)另一个”。the other可数名词复数the othersfew，a fewfew表示“很少人(或事物、地方)”，a few表示“有些(人、事物、地方)；一些”，指代复数名词little，a littlelittle表示“不多的”，a little表示“少量的，一些”，指代不可数名词many/muchmany表示“许多”，指代可数名词复数；much表示“许多”，指代不可数名词5.it的用法(1)指时间、距离、天气、日期、温度等。Its early spring，but it is already hot.(2)指代前面提到过的事物、群体、想法等或代替指示代词this，that。Although he didnt like it，I decided to see the movie anyway.(3)当说话者弄不清对方是谁，不清楚或没必要知道说话对象的性别时，可以用it来指代。What will you call it if it is a boy?(4)作形式主语或形式宾语，代替不定式、动名词或名词性从句。It is dangerous for you to swim in the river.He didnt make it clear when and where the meeting would be held.(5)常用it作形式主语或形式宾语的句式：It is a pity/shame that.真可惜/丢人It is no wonder that.难怪It seems/appears that.似乎/看来It looks/seems as if/though.看起来好像It happens that.碰巧It strikes/hits sb.that.某人突然想起It comes/occurs to sb.that.某人想到It is said/reported/announced/believed/hoped/suggested that.据说/据报道/据宣布/人们认为/人们希望/人们建议It is no use/good doing sth.做某事没有用/好处It takes sb.some time to do sth.做某事花费某人多长时间It is certain that.是一定的主语表示情感倾向的动词(enjoy，prefer，love，like，hate, dislike，appreciate等)itthat/if/when.(6)用于强调句型“It is/was被强调部分that/who.”Johns success has nothing to do with good luck.It is years of hard work that has made him what he is today.二、常考一词多义或较难的6个介词辨析1against(表示方位)倚靠着；(表示态度)反对；(表示对比)以为背景An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are against it.2off(表示位置)在的外面，在的沿海；(表示方向)偏离；从离开The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place off the main road at the far end of the lake.3over(表示位置)在的正上方，在的上面；(表示方向)越过；(表示等级或数目)高于，在之上，超过；(表示时间或过程)在期间Im sorry I didnt phone you, but Ive been very busy over the past couple of weeks.4beyond(表示位置)在另一边，在更远处；(表示程度)超出，非所能及Everybody was touched beyond words after they heard her moving story.5with(表示关系)和在一起；(表示状态)具有，带有；(表示方式)用，凭借；(表示对象)关于；(表示伴随)随着；(表示原因)由于，因为The dictionary is what I want，but I dont have enough money with me.6through(表示位置)穿过；(表示时间)整个；(表示手段、媒介)依据，经由Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you through the tough years.三、需要掌握的48个常考介词短语far from完全不apart from除了at random任意地；随意地by chance偶然地by means of通过方法for fear of唯恐instead of代替，而不是regardless of不管，不顾in terms of就而言in need of需要in favor of支持，赞成in praise of歌颂in search of寻找in view of鉴于，由于in the form of以形式in the direction of朝方向in place of代替in front of在前面in case of假使in face of面临，面对in honour of为纪念in spite of尽管in response to作为对的回应in the way挡道，妨碍in sight看得见in turn依次in particular尤其，特别in charge负责，掌管in time及时，迟早on occasion有时，偶尔on account of因为，由于on watch值班；监视on the line处于危险状态on behalf of代表out of sight看不见out of reach够不着out of order发生故障out of place不合适的；不在适当的位置along with与一起next to几乎，差不多；紧挨着according to根据as a result of由于的结果in exchange for 作为的交换with regard to关于，至于for lack of因缺乏due to由于in addition to除之外on top of另外；在之上1(2016南京调研)According to the Gini Index, the degree of wealth concentration in China has risen by a third in the past 35 years and now is larger than_of the US.AthisBoneCthatDsuchC考查代词。句意：根据基尼指数，中国的财富集中度在过去的35年中已经上涨了三分之一，并且现在已经超过了美国。分析句子成分并结合句意可知，空格处为特指，指代前面的the degree，故that符合题意。that为特指，既可指代可数名词也可指代不可数名词，只能指代物；one为泛指，指代可数名词，既可指代人也可指代物。故选C项。2(2016盐城第一学期期中考试)Im not making_near as much money as I did when I was employed full time, but now we dont need as much either.AanythingBeverythingCanywhereDeverywhereC考查固定短语。句意：我现在赚的钱远远比不上我做全职工作的时候，但是现在我们需要的钱也没有过去多。not anywhere near/nowhere near为固定短语，意为“远非，绝不是”。故选C项。3(2016盐城第一学期期中考试)Singer Zhang Lei won “The Voice of China” 2015 season at the Bird Nest in Beijing on Oct.7, 2015, with years of experience_him.AagainstBforCofDbehindD考查介词。句意：凭着多年的经验，歌手张磊于2015年10月7日在北京鸟巢赢得2015年“中国好声音”的冠军。behind意为“在后面；落后于；支持，赞成；是产生的原因”；against意为“反对，违反；倚着，靠着；衬托，映衬”；for意为“支持，赞成；因为，由于”；of意为“属于，关于”。故选D项。4(2016镇江第一学期期中考试)It may well be the ability to use languages that distinguishes humans, setting them_other animals.Aalong withBrather thanCdue toDapart fromD考查介词短语。句意：可能是使用语言的能力使人类区别于其他动物。set sb./sth.apart from为固定短语，意为“使突出，使优于，使与众不同”。along with意为“与一起”；rather than意为“而非，而不是”；due to意为“因为，由于”；apart from意为“除了；相距，距离”。故选D项。5(2016无锡一模)Word power section should be taken seriously because of the benefits_can have on students vocabulary building.AthisBthatCitDoneC句意：因为词汇拓展部分对学生词汇积累有好处，它应该被认真对待。benefits后是一个定语从句，从句中省略了关系代词that或which，it作从句的主语，指代前文的word power section，故选C项。6(2016扬州一模)Jack Ma, the founder and chairman of Chinas Alibaba Group, has a $ 28.6 billion fortune，_ making him the richest person in China.AitBoneCthatDwhichB句意：马云，中国阿里巴巴集团的创始人和总裁，拥有286亿美元的财富，一笔使他成为中国首富的财富。此处需要一个替代词，替代a fortune，one替代可数名词的单数表示泛指；另外making.作定语修饰one，故选B项。 【导学号：57732019】7(2016泰州二模)_can help but be fascinated by the world into which he is taken by the science fiction.ANobodyBAnybodyCSomebodyDEverybodyA句意：任何人都禁不住被科幻小说里的世界吸引住。cant help but do sth.忍不住做某事/禁不住做某事，为固定结构，此句的否定体现在主语nobody上，nobody can help but.相当于anybody cant help but.，故选A项。8(2016江苏启东中学调研)Everyone doesnt agree to the plan.Some support it while Im one of_opposed to it.Athose whoBwhoCthoseDthatC句意：不是每人都同意这个计划。有些人支持，而我是反对的人中的一个。由于opposed to是一个形容词短语，如果选those who，应在opposed前加are；those指代those people，被形容词短语opposed to it修饰，故选C项。9(2016南通、连云港二模)The campaign is_only partially successful, so we have to keep on working hard.Aat lastBat latestCat leastDat bestD考查介词短语辨析。句意：这项运动最多只是部分成功，因此我们不得不继续努力工作。at last最终；at latest最晚；at least至少。at best最多，充其量，相当于at most，符合题意，故选D项。10(2016苏、锡、常、镇一模)Though Chinas GDP growth has been the slowest since 2009, it is still within the reasonable range set by policymakers and_market expectation.Ain line withBin connection withCin conflict withDin parallel withA考查介词短语辨析。句意：尽管中国的GDP增长速度是2009年以来最低的，它仍然在政策制定者所设定的合理范围之内，并与市场预期一致。in connection with与有关；in conflict with与有冲突；in parallel with与同时。in line with与一致，in line with market expectation与市场预期一致，符合题意，故选A项。11(2016苏、锡、常、镇二模)Local citizens placed flowers at the corner of one street in Hamilton, Canada，_the Canadian soldier，who was killed by a gunman.Ain favor ofBin memory ofCin terms ofDin spite ofB考查介词短语辨析。句意：当地居民在加拿大哈密尔顿的一条街道的拐弯处摆放了鲜花，来纪念那个被持枪歹徒杀死的加拿大士兵。in favor of赞成，支持；in terms of就而言；in spite of尽管。in memory of为了纪念，符合语境，故选B项。12(2016泰州二模)_the previous approach to offering lowcost models to the market, Chinese car makers are focusing on displaying alternative energydriven vehicles to meet environmental concerns.AWith regard toBOn account ofCI