牛津译林版高中英语必修五unit 3《science and nature》word同步测试4

Unit 3 Science and nature Section Welcome to the unit & Reading-Language Points 品句填词 1.If Ive hurt your feelings，it was quite without_ (目的)答案：intention2A fresh coat of paint can_(改变) a room.答案：transform3The high level of unemployment has produced harmful social _ (结果，后果)答案：consequences4We waited for the report of exam with a great deal of _ (忧虑)答案：anxiety5His suggestion has been _ (采纳) by people in many parts of the world.答案：adopted 单句改错1The mother was standing at the gate，anxiously to see her son.anxiouslyanxious2They argued him into the adopt of the plan.adoptadoption3A big fire broke out last night；as the consequence，the house was completely destroyed.第一个thea 4She ever lived in France，and as consequence she speaks French fluently.consequence前加a或把as改为in5(2015浙江高考单项填空)Janes grandmother had wanted to write a childrens book for many years，but one thing or another always got in a way.第二个athe 完成句子1我想出去吃，可(另一方面)我又该努力省钱。Id like to eat out，_ I should be trying to save money.答案：but on the other hand2他又迟到了，结果让老板训了一顿。He came late again；_he was scolded by his boss.答案：as a consequence/in consequence3尽管他还是个孩子，他知道做什么事情是正确的。_ he was，he knew what was the right thing to do.答案：Child as/though4他离成为一名著名的歌手已经不远了。He is _ a famous singer.答案：on the way to becoming5劝告朋友要在私下里，赞扬朋友可在人多的场合。Make suggestions to your friends in private_ in public.答案：while praise your friends 课文语法填空With Dolly cloned 1._(success) from an adult cell，some other animals have already been created.Some scientists even have the intention 2._(clone) humans and they are pushing ahead with research now，3._it is not legal in many countries.China has succeeded 4._ producing clones of cows and goats.Just 5._the 6._(say) goes，“Every coin has two sides.” On the one hand，cloning can produce 7._(value) human tissues 8._(use) in medical 9._(treat)On the other hand，human cloning causes much anxiety.Some people say if we toy 10._nature，we will have to deal with the consequences.答案：1.successfully2.to clone3.although/though4in5.as6.saying7.valuable8.to be used9.treatment10.withA卷 单句语法填空1You didnt intend _(be) late.But thats not the point.答案：to be2There were many people waiting at the bus stop，and some of them looked very _(anxiety) and disappointed.答案：anxious3The suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule _(adopt)答案：(should)be adopted4He stood there without daring to lift his head as a consequence _ his wrong action.答案：of5She has made up her mind to transform an attic room _ a study.答案：into6Accurately speaking his _ (professional) is a journalist.答案：profession7Its better for the government to attach more importance to the _ (origin) inventions of all kinds.答案：original8Hearing this，tears came to my eyes as I realized what a fool I had been to judge Jims father _ a failure.答案：as9With his mind focused on the things not related _ his studies，his marks have fallen rapidly.答案：to10She toyed _ the idea of becoming an actress.答案：with 阅读理解Have you ever wished you could have a clone of yourself to do homework while you hit the skate park or went out with your friends? Cloning is the creation of an organism that is an exact genetic copy of another.This means that every single bit of DNA is the same between the two!You might not believe it，but there are human clones among us right now.They werent made in a lab，though: theyre identical twins (同卵双生)，created naturally.How does one go about making an exact genetic copy of an organism? There are a couple of ways to do this: artificial(人工) embryo twinning and somatic cell nuclear transfer(体细胞核移植)Artificial embryo twinning is the relatively lowtech version of cloning.Somatic cell nuclear transfer，(SCNT) uses a different approach compared with artificial embryo twinning.This was the method used to create Dolly the Sheep.Lets say you really want a clone to do your homework.Knowing what you know，do you think this approach would really help you finish your homework.this decade?A common misconception is that a clone，if created，would magically appear at the same age as the original.This simply isnt true.You remember that cloning is an alternative way to create an embryo，not a fullgrown individual.Therefore，that embryo，once created，must develop exactly the same way as an embryo created by fertilizing an egg cell with a sperm cell (精子)This will require a surrogate mother and enough time for the cloned embryo to grow and fully develop into an individual.Are you familiar with the phrase “nature versus nurture”？ Basically，this means that while genetics can help determine personality，environmental influences have a considerable impact on shaping an individuals physical appearance and personality.For example，do you know any identical twins? They are genetically the same，but do they really look and act exactly alike?When we hear of cloning successes，we learn about only the few attempts that worked.What we dont see are the many，many cloning experiments that failed! And even in the successful clones，problems tend to arise later，during the animals development to adulthood.Cloning animals shows us what might happen if we try to clone humans.What have these animals taught us about the risks of cloning?1The underlined word “misconception” in Paragraph 6 probably means “_”AbeliefBmisunderstandingCexplanation DexperienceB解析：词义猜测题。根据上下文可知，人们往往会认为克隆就是马上能有一个一模一样的你出现，这显然是“误解”。2Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?AThe risks of cloning.BThe myths of cloning.CThe definition of cloning.DSome issues in cloning.D解析：细节理解题。最后两段说的是A项的内容，倒数第四段说的是B项的内容，第二段说的是C项的内容，只有D项的内容没有提及。3Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?ADolly the Sheep was cloned by using SCNT.BIdentical twins are naturally created human clones.CA clone，if created，would magically appear at the same age as the original.DTwins are genetically the same，but they dont really look and act exactly alike.C解析：根据倒数第四段第一、二两句话“A common misconception is that a clone，if created，would magically appear at the same age as the original.This simply isnt true.”及之后的论述可知。4According to the passage，we cannot have a clone to do our homework now because _Athe technology is not so advancedBthere are many cloning experiments that failedCproblems may arise laterDall of the aboveD解析：综合全文，尤其是倒数第二段A、B、C三项都是现在还不能克隆人的原因。 完形填空Throughout history man has had to accept the fact that all living things must die.But people now live longer than they_1_Yet，all living things still show the_2_of aging，which will eventually_3_death.Aging is not a disease，but as a person passes maturity (成熟期)，the cells of the body and the_4_they form do not function as well as they_5_in childhood and teenage years.The body provides less_6_against disease and is more_7_to have accident.A number of related causes may_8_aging.Some cells of the body have a fairly long life，but they are not_9_when they die.As a person ages，_10_of brain cells and muscle cells decreases._11_body cells die and are replaced by new cells.For an aging person the_12_cells may not be as workable or as capable_13_growth as those of a young person.Another_14_in aging may be changes within the cells_15_Some of the protein chemicals in cells are known_16_with age and become less elastic (有弹性的)This is why the skin of old people wrinkles (皱纹) and_17_This is also the reason why old people_18_in height.There may be other more important chemical changes in the cells.Some complex cell chemicals，such as DNA and RNA，store and_19_information that the cells need.Aging may affect this_20_and change the informationcarrying molecules so that they do not transmit the information as well.1A.wouldBbe used toCused to DusedC解析：根据句意：但是人们现在比过去寿命高。used to表示“过去经常做”，暗示现在并不如此，此处指过去的情况，与句意相符。would可表示“过去经常”，但不含“今昔对比”之意。注意该词组与be used to的区别，后者意为“习惯于”，to为介词。D项之所以不对，是因为在以下词组中，当不定式省略时，通常要保留不定式符号to，如：used to，be going to，mean to，ought to，try to，plan to等。2A.function BeffectCaffect DsignB解析：根据下文中的定语从句所表示的意义进行判断，这里所填入的单词应该表示“衰老的结果”这一意义。effect意为“结果，影响”，符合句意。function“功能，机能，作用”；affect“影响，感动”；sign“标记”。解题时要注意effect和affect拼写只相差一个字母，但effect是名词而affect是动词。3A.lead in Bgive inCrun into Dresult inD解析：根据主句内容，which引导非限制性定语从句，which表示前面的“衰老的结果”，即：衰老的结果最终导致死亡。result in“使发生，导致”；lead in无此搭配，在表示“导致”时，应为lead to；give in “让步，屈服”；run into“陷入”，常指陷入困境。4A.hands BfeetCheart DorgansD解析：根据上下文及信息词cells可知句中是指所有的部位(器官)。而其他三项所指的都是身体的具体部位。5A.do Bhas doneCdid Dhad doneC解析：此句中的did是用来代替前面的动词function，以避免重复。因为这里有一个表示过去的时间状语in childhood and teenage years，所以只能用一般过去时。6A.energy BprotectionCvigor DpowerB解析：protection“保护，保护物”，和介词against或from连用，译为“保护免遭”。此句意为“身体此时的免疫力下降，易于患病”；energy“精力，活力”；vigor“力量，活力”；power“权力，力气”。7A.likely BprobableCpossible DalikeA解析：likely，possible和probable三者都表示“可能”，均可以构成：It is possible/probable/likely that从句。但probable和possible不能用于sb.is possible/probable to do sth.句型中；alike“相似的”，不符合句意。8A.attend to Bcontribute toCadd to Ddevote toB解析：句意：有一些相关的原因可能促使人衰老。contribute to“有助于，起作用，促成”，符合句意。attend to“专心于”；add to“增加，把添加到”；devote to“致力于，献身于”。这四个词组中的to都是介词，要注意它和不定式符号to的区别。9A.replaced BrebornCrecovered DsurrenderedA解析：此句与下文相对应，根据下文的“replace”可知该空选replaced；reborn“新生的，复活的”；recover“恢复”；surrender“屈服”。10A.a number Bthe amountCthe number Da great dealC解析：根据此句的谓语动词decreases可推知其主语应为the number，表示 “的数量”，作主语时，应该使用单数的谓语动词；a number of“许多，大量”常用来修饰复数名词，作主语时，要使用复数谓语动词；the amount of“的数量”，常接不可数名词；a great deal of “大量”，后接不可数名词。11A.The others BThe otherCAnother DOtherD解析：上文提到了“some cells of the body”不能再生，很显然下文中应用“other body cells”表示可以被新的细胞所代替。这样other与上文的some相呼应。其他词都不能起此作用。12A.old BleftCnew DotherC解析：根据上文的意思，这里还在继续谈论第二种可再生细胞，即：the new cells。13A.to BforCof DinC解析：be capable of是固定搭配，表示“有的能力”。此处是说：老年人的新细胞的发展能力不如年轻人的强。其他介词不与capable搭配。14A.factor BeffectCreason DelementA解析：这一段的内容是和上段相对应的，所需词相当于上段第一句中的cause，指造成一种事实或现象的原因，所以选用factor，表“因素，要素”。其他几个词虽然语义相近，但所强调的重点并不相同。effect“结果”；reason“原因”，用来说明一种看法或行为的理由；element“元素”。15A.for themselves Bof themselvesCthemselves Don their ownC解析：句意：另一个导致衰老的因素是细胞内本身的变化。由此可得出，空格处需填一个作同位语的名词或代词，四个选项中，就只有themselves符合，即：反身代词themselves作cells的同位语。16A.change Bto have changedCto change Dto be changedC解析：本句是被动句式，其主动句式是：It is known that some of the protein chemicals in cells change with age and become less elastic。意为：大家知道细胞内有些蛋白质随着年龄的增大而改变，变得没有那么有弹性。在叙述一般性事物时，动词know之后的不定式不用进行时和完成时。17A.hangs loose Bhangs looselyCis hanging loosely Dis hanging looseA解析：hang在这里是用作系动词，后面须接一个形容词作表语，类似的动词还有： rise，shine，sit，lie等。因为通篇文章所谈论的是人人都要变老的客观事实，所用时态应为一般现在时，不能用进行时。18A.increase BshrinkClengthen DdecreaseB解析：根据句意：这也是老人的身高会收缩的原因。表“收缩”的只有shrink。increase“增加”和lengthen“变长”与句意不符；decrease“减少”，一般强调量的减少，也不符合题意。19A.pass away Bpass byCpass off Dpass onD解析：根据上下文内容可知应选pass on，表示“把传给另一个，转移”，句中store and pass on information指“储存和传递信息”，符合句意。其他三个选项都不符合句意：pass away“去世”；pass by“经过，从旁边走过”；pass off“逐渐消失，停止”。20A.improvement BprocessionCapproach DprocessD解析：从通篇文章所叙述的人的衰老的过程分析，此处应填process。表示“自然的过程，进程”，符合上下文意义；即：衰老可能影响这种进程。improvement“改良”；procession“队伍，行列”；approach“方式，方法”。B卷 阅读理解ABattle of the brainsLying in the sun on a rock，the cougar(美洲豹) saw Jeb and his son Tom before they saw it.Jeb put his bag down quickly and pulled his jacket open with both hands，making himself look big to the cougar.It worked.The cougar hesitated，ready to attack Jeb，but ready to forget the whole thing，too.Jeb let go of his jacket，grasped Tom and held him across his body，making a cross.Now the cougars enemy looked even bigger，and it rose up，ready to move away，but unfortunately Tom got scared and struggled free of Jeb.“Tom，no！” shouted his father.But Tom broke and ran and thats the last thing you do with a cougar.The second Tom broke free，Jeb threw himself on the cougar，just as it jumped from the rock.They hit each other in midair and both fell.The cougar was on Jeb in a flash，leaving Tom alone，which was what Jeb wanted.Cougars are not as big as most people think and a determined man stands a chance，even with just his fists.As the cougars claws(爪子) got into his left shoulder，Jeb swung his fist at its eyes and hit hard.The animal howled(吼叫) and put its head back.Jeb followed up with his other fist.Then out of the corner of his eye，Jeb saw Tom.The boy was running back to help his father.“Knife，Tom，” shouted Jeb.The boy ran to his fathers bag，while Jeb started shouting as well as hitting，to keep the cougars attention away from Tom.Tom got the knife and ran over to Jeb.The cougar was moving its head in and out，trying to find a way through the wall Jeb was making out of his arms.Tom swung with the knife，into the cougars back.It howled horribly and ran off into the mountains.The whole fight had taken about thirty seconds.【解题导语】文章讲述了勇敢的父亲Jeb为保护儿子Tom和美洲豹斗智斗勇的故事。为了显得比美洲豹大，Jeb先是展开自己的外衣，然后又把儿子横放在身上，正当美洲豹要跑开时，儿子因为害怕摆脱了父亲跑开了，结果差一点成为美洲豹的口中餐。为了吸引美洲豹的注意力，父亲只好挺身而出，和美洲豹厮打起来。儿子拿着一把刀跑回来，两人合力打跑了美洲豹。1Why did Jeb pull his jacket open when he saw the cougar?ATo get ready to fight.BTo protect his son.CTo calm himself down.DTo frighten it away.D解析：细节理解题。由第一段的第二句话和第三句话可知：Jeb很快放下他的包，用双手展开他的夹克衫，使自己看上去比这只美洲豹个大。这的确管用了。所以他想把美洲豹吓跑。故选D。2What can we learn from the passage about cougars?AThey always forget things.BThey dislike loud noises.CThey like to attack running people.DThey hesitate before attack.C解析：推理判断题。根据第四段Jeb的反应和美洲豹的动作。Jeb的儿子Tom挣脱父亲跑开了，在这一瞬间，Jeb扑向从岩石上跳起来的美洲豹，他们在半空中厮打起来，都摔倒了。美洲豹瞬间骑在Jeb身上，忘掉了Tom，这正是Jeb想要的结果。由此判断美洲豹喜欢攻击跑着的人。故选C。3Jeb tried to hold the cougars attention by _Amaking a wall with his armsBkeeping shouting and hittingCthrowing himself on the cougarDswinging his fists at the cougars eyesB解析：细节理解题。从文章倒数第二段“Jeb started shouting as well as hitting，to keep the cougars attention away from Tom.”可知，Jeb通过叫和打来吸引美洲豹的注意力。故选B。4Which of the following words can be used to describe Jeb？ASmart but badtempered.BLoving and determined.CTough and warmhearted.DDetermined but hesitant.B解析：推理判断题。文章讲述了勇敢的父亲Jeb为保护儿子Tom和美洲豹斗智斗勇的故事，他因为对儿子的爱而与美洲豹战斗，最后成功了。故选B。B(2016湖北武汉高二上学期期中)Will life in the future be better，worse or the same as now? Futurologists(未来学家)predict that life will probably be very different in 2050.First of all，it seems that TV channels will have disappeared by 2050.A computer will send the program directly to the television.On TV screen appear holograms，which are pictures with certain height，width and depth.We will be able to see，smell and touch the things that we see on television.Water has become one of our most serious problems.Agriculture is changing and people are growing more fruit and vegetables to export.Demand for water will increase ten times in 2050.Some futurologists predict that water will be the cause of war if we dont act now.In transport，cars will run on new fuels and go very fast.A car will have computers to control its speed and there wont be any accidents.On the other hand，space planes will take people around the earth in about three hours.People will fly from Los Angeles to Tokyo by space plane in just half an hour.In the field of technology，robots will have replaced people in factories.By 2050，we will see robots everywhere.They do not ask for pay rises or go on strike，and they work 24 hours a day.Medicine technology will have conquered(征服)many diseases by 2050；we will be able to help blind and deaf people see and hear again.Scientists have discovered how to control genes.They have already produced clones of animals and will be able to produce clones of people and decide how they look，how they behave and how much intelligence they have.If you want all this to come true，you should study science and technology hard.【解题导语】本文是一篇展望未来的文章。预测了在2050年我们生活上可能出现的几个大的改变。5What is the main difference between todays and 2050s TV?AWe can use a computer to turn off the TV set.BWe can talk with the characters appearing on TV.CWe can choose whatever we like to see on TV.DWe can touch the things we see on TV.D解析：细节理解题。根据文中第二段的We will be able to see，smell and touch the things that we see on television.可知答案。6What will be more likely to cause the war in the future?AThe lack of water.BThe less farmland.CThe shortage of robots.DThe more space planes.A解析：细节理解题。根据文中第三段的Demand for water will increase ten times in 2050.Some futurologists predict that water will be the cause of war if we dont act now.可知答案。7Which of the following is TRUE about the transport in the future?ARobots will control the speed of the car.BWe can travel around the earth in about three hours.CThere will be more flights from Los Angeles to Tokyo.DCars can run without any fuel.B解析：细节理解题。根据文中第四段的On the other hand，space planes will take people around the earth in about three hours.可知答案。8From the passage we can infer that by 2050 _Apeople will spend less time in studyingBmore and more people neednt go to schoolCpeople will have more time to relax or restDno patients will be found in the world C解析：推理判断题。根据第五段的By 2050