英语毕业论文12.doc

毕 业 论 文题 目analysis of “everyday use” form the rhetoric perspective 学 院 专业班级 届 次 学生姓名 学 号 指导教师 二o一一年六月一日 说 明一、指导教师评语根据学生实习及撰写论文情况进行评定： 1、对待实习的态度及实习纪律的遵守情况； 2、能否准确熟练地进行观察记载、搜集整理、查阅资料及运用数据的水平； 3、能否准确熟练地进行各项操作，并运用所学知识解决实际问题； 4、能否很好地完成任务书规定的工作量。二、评阅教师意见参照以下几方面进行评定： 1、论文选题的实用性、分析的科学性和体系的完整性； 2、获取资料是否丰富，处理资料是否科学、严谨； 3、综合运用基础理论和专业知识的深度、归纳、概括及运算的能力； 4、文字表达能力，文章的逻辑性。三、论文答辩成绩由答辩小组根据学生语言表达能力及回答问题的准确性进行评定。四、论文综合评定成绩按优秀、良好、中等、及格和不及格五级计分。五、毕业论文的成绩评定按照毕业论文评分标准综合评定。六、论文由学生本人按照毕业论文（设计）规范用计算机排版、打印，一律使用统一封面（16k）。七、学生的论文文本（含任务书、图片等）由学院按学校规定存档。论 文 专 用 纸. . contentsabstract in english.1abstract in chinese.11. introduction.12. literature review.23. about the author.34. about the theme.45. rhetorical devices used in “everyday use”.45.1. symbolism.45.1.1. the symbolization of the house.65.1.2. the symbolization of the fire65.1.3. the symbolization of the everyday use65.1.4. the symbolization of the characters.. mother: the symbol of traditional black women.. dee: the symbol of new black cultural movement.. maggie: the symbol of african-americans pain culture.95.2. contrast.95.2.1. the contrast between mother and dee.95.2.2. the contrast between maggie and dee.105.2.3. the contrast between dees attitudes before and after.105.2.4. the contrast between traditional values and modern values.115.3. irony.115.3.1. appearance.115.3.2. words and behaviors.125.3.3. macro-irony on mother135.3.4. macro-irony on dee.136. conclusion.13bibliography.15acknowledgements.16装订线. . . . . 目 录英文摘要.1中文摘要.11.简介.12. 文献综述.23. 关于作者.34. 关于主题.45. 日用家当中的修辞手法.45.1. 象征.45.1.1. 房子大象征意义.65.1.2. 火的象征意义.65.1.3. 日用家当的象征意义.65.1.4. 人物的象征意义.. 母亲：传统黑人妇女的象征.. 迪伊：新黑人文化运动的象征.. 麦姬：黑人伤痛文化的象征.95.2. 对比.95.2.1. 母亲和迪伊的对比.95.2.2. 麦姬与迪伊的对比.105.2.3. 迪伊前后态度的对比.105.2.4. 传统价值观与现代价值观的对比.115.3. 反讽.115.3.1. 外表描写中的反讽.115.3.2. 言行描写中的反讽.125.3.3. 体现在母亲身上的宏观反讽.135.3.4. 体现在迪伊身上的宏观反讽.136.结语.13参考文献.15致谢.16装订线. . . 论 文 专 用 纸. . analysis of “everyday use” from the rhetoric perspectiveauthor: qing tingtingsupervisor: wang xifang, lecturer(college of foreign languages, shandong agricultural university, taian 271018)abstract: the novel “everyday use” written by alice walker is a representative novel to reflect the traditional african culture survival conditions under the influence of mainstream white culture. understand this novel can help us to research african-americans culture and history. through flexible use of rhetorical tactics, the novel gives readers a broad space of understanding and abundant aesthetic enjoyment. this article tries to analyze this novel from rhetoric perspective. through symbol, comparison and satire this three rhetorical tactics analysis, we try to help readers have a better understanding of the novel, understanding the traditional black culture and history, grasp the theme that the writer wants to tell us: inheritance the national tradition culture should focused on understanding of its connotation, put it into everyday life, rather than formalized consecrate.key words: “everyday use”; symbol; contrast; irony从修辞学角度解析日用家当摘要: 小说日用家当是爱丽丝沃克笔下一篇优秀的反映主流文化影响中的传统非洲文化的生存状况的作品，对于研究美裔黑人的文化和历史有着重要意义。小说通过修辞手法的灵活运用和生动细腻的刻画，赋予了读者更宽广的解读空间和更丰富的审美享受，也使其内涵更加深远且令人回味无穷。本文从修辞的角度入手，对日用家当一文进行了解析。并试图通过对象征、对比、讽刺三种在文中最具代表性的修辞手法的分析，帮助读者更好的理解这篇小说，深入了解传统黑人文化和历史，准确把握作者观点，把握文章主旨：民族传统文化的继承在于深刻地认识和理解其文化内涵，把传统融入日常生活，而不是浮于表面、流于形式的供奉。关键词：日用家当；象征；对比；反讽1. introductionthe first time i read this novel “everyday use” is in the textbook of advanced english. it gives me a deep impression. the hard life, the long culture, and the different attitudes about white and black culture of black people display a different world to us. understand this novel can help us to research african-americans culture and history. in this article, i will try to analyze this novel from the rhetorical perspective. rhetoric is a skillful use of language. for example, through symbol, we can give deeper meaning to things, expressing implicit views. at this time, if we do not understand it, our thinking would be limited to the surface, or even result in misunderstanding. this article analyzed with three rhetorical skills: symbol, contrast and irony,装订线. . . 第 1 页 论 文 专 用 纸. . which is rather representative in the novel. through this analysis, the reader can better understand the three characters personalities, behavior and representational; grasp the thought of the writer in-depth, and understand and appreciate the novel comprehensively. this article consists of six parts. first is the part of “introduction”. the second part is “literature review”, to introduce previous research achievements about black literature, mainly about black female literature. after that, is the parts to introduce the author and the theme of this novel. in the fifth part, i tried to analyzed “everyday use” from three rhetoric perspective. its the most important part of all. at last is the conclusion to conclude this article. 2. literature reviewafrican american literature since the inception has been carrying the mission against slavery and insulting. toni morrison written on beloved like this: “that anybody white could take your whole self for anything that came to mind. not just work, kill, or anymore. dirty you so bad you forgot who you were and couldnt think it up.”(morrison,2005:251)slavery and its remnants give psychological impact on blacks even more than the suffering itself. the various social problems black people face can also find the source from the history of humiliation. black african american literature, first is a resistance literature. in face of the humiliation and enslavement of whites, they still did not yield, and through various forms of literature the fought back. among them, the black feminist literature is an important part.compared with men, black women not are only under the oppression of whites, but also black men. in the 1960s and 1970s, the western feminist movement came into the “second wave “, and whiles the african-american civil rights movement was at its height. but in the two movements, they all neglected black women. “all the women are white, all the blacks are men.”( gloria t. hull, barbaba smith and patricia bell scott,1981) the black women have been in the double edge of the state. in the early thirties and fourties of the 19th century, black women writers began to struggle for womens rights. after the 1960s, the rise of african american women writers became a major highlight of american letters, such as alice walker, audre lorde, toni morrison, paule marshall and so on. their works are widely read, and have entered universitys literary curriculums, and then become as literary criticism. in this context, black feminist criticism, began to increase and started an independent stance in the emerging field of feminist criticism in the 70 century. in 1977, barbara smith published the book toward a black feminist criticism, and created a precedent for black feminist criticism, which is considered the foundation of this theory. she believes that in the works of black women writers, race, class politics and gender politics are important factors(smith,1982:159). the “new directions for black feminist criticism” whitened by deborha e mcdowell further defines the black feminist literary criticisms objectives, approaches and methodology, as another milestone of black women literary criticism. 装订线. . . 第 2 页 论 文 专 用 纸. . after the 1980s, literary criticism of black women began to construct the theory of literary criticism, and a large number of critics and works emerged, such as barbara christians famous work black women novelists: the development of a tradition in 1980, and black feminist criticism: perspectives on black women writers in 1985. patricia hill collins whitened black feminist thought: knowledge, consciousness, and the politics of empowerment in 1990. karla f. c. holloway linked african american womens rhetoric to its african origins in his moorings and metaphor: figures of culture and gender in black womens literature in 1922. in this period, alice walker proposed a very important concept in african american feminist criticism “womanism” in her collection of essays in search of our mothers gardens, which marks the difference between black feminist criticism and the whites feminists. in short, since the 1980s, african-american feminist criticism has witnessed a boom. black feminist criticism mainly puts attention on text analysis, and wants to build a kind of black female literary tradition, which is different from the mainstream literary. in this literary tradition, black feminist criticism discussed a common literary theme of black women, language, culture, traditions and aesthetic expression on the basis of intersexuality study. enriched and improved the past black or white feminism literature, involved in the pursuit of their own ethnic identity and gender of the double equality. alice walker is a famous black woman writer in american literature. her work mostly reflects african american womens lives and destiny through meticulous description and keen insight. “everyday use” is one of her masterpieces, from which we can read the writers deep thoughts of how to build harmonious equal relationships between blacks and whites, men and women, and among the blacks, and her deep concern of how to see the historical heritage and to establish identities.3. about the author“everyday use” is written by alice walker, a black american poet, novelist and essayist. she is not only one of the most distinguished contemporary american writers, but also an outstanding representative of womens literature and black literature.walker was born on february 9, 1994, in eatonton, georgia. when alice walker was eight years old, she lost sight of one eye. in high school, she was valedictorian of her class, and that achievement, coupled with a “rehabilitation scholarship” made it possible for her to go to speiman, a college for black women in atlanta, georgia. after spending two years at speiman, she transferred to sarah lawrence college in new york, and during her junior year traveled to africa as an exchange student. she received her bachelor of arts degree from sarah lawrence college in 1965. after finishing college, walker lived for a short time in new york.alice walker was active in the civil right movement of the 1960s, and in the 1990s apartheid movement, for the anti-nuclear movement, and against female genital mutilation. alice walker started装订线. . . 第 3 页 论 文 专 用 纸. . her own publishing company, wild tress press, in 19854. she currently resides in northrm california. she received the pulitzer prize in 1983 for “the color purple”. among her numerous awards and honors are the lillian smith award from the national endowment for the arts, the rosenthal award form the national institute of arts & letters, a nomination for the national book award, a radcliffe institute fellowship, a merrill fellowship, a guggenheim fellowship, and the front page award for best magazine criticism from the newswomans club of new york. she also has received the townsend prize and a lyndhurst prize. most of alice walkers works describe african american lives, especially the fate of black women. her keen insight and detailed characterization are loved by readers and critics. “everyday use” is one of the collections in love and trouble: stories of black women. this essay with the three characters distinct personalities and the culture of african american is very impressive and attractive, is one of the most excellent short stories of the author. 4. about the theme.“everyday use” whitened in the background of african-american civil rights movement in the sixties and seventies. since martin luther king published the speech named i have a dream , the black people have gradually started asking for human rights, ethnic identity and to defend their own ethnic cultural heritage. the novel mainly revolves around a black college student. dee, who returns home after receiving the white education to visit her mother and sister, who lived with a traditional life in the hometown, the conflicts start between this thread. the novel describes the different attitudes to two quilts stitched by pieces of dresses grandma used to wear. the two different attitudes, reflect the mothers and daughters different attitudes to and perceptions of cultural heritage. this article attempts to analyze the novel from the linguistic point of view, in order to better understand the characters personalities.5. rhetorical devices used in “everyday use”5.1 symbolismsymbolism is one of the important literary techniques of expression in the twentieth century. it uses concrete things to express some abstract concepts or thoughts and feelings. many experts attempt to give an accurate definition of symbol. but so far, like other complicated cultural and linguistic phenomena, no academically unified definition has been reached. etymologically, the word “symbol” derives from the greek symbolon, which approximately means “to throw together”, literally a “co-incidence”. although in the simplest sense, anything (subject , graph, word, sound, gesture, etc.) carrying a certain concept or idea can be labeled as a symbol, scholars think basic symbols form an interpretable system more profound and more deeply-rooted in human thoughts and social lives than that of ordinary signs.装订线. . . 第 4 页 论 文 专 用 纸. . webster dictionary has such an interpretation of symbol: “a visible sign or representation of an idea; anything which suggests an idea or quality, or another thing, as by resemblance or by convention; an emblem; a representation; a type; a figure; as, the lion is the symbol of courage; the lamb is the symbol of meekness or patience.“ the forerunner of semiotics, perice, sees the inner law of symbolization and its nature of interpretability: “a symbol is a sign which refers to the object that it denotes by virtue of a law, usually as association of general ideas, which operates to cause the symbol to be interpreted as referring to that object.”in the 20th century, when the new writing skill symbolism was spread into america, it aroused a new trend of adopting symbols in literature. many writers became interested in using this new rhetoric. melville, hawthorne and hemingway are remarkable ones. symbols can make the theme deeper and give readers a strong feeling because symbolism can enrich the narrative by pulling its message down to the level of the readers unconscious and anchoring it there. writers use symbolism so skillfully that it enhances the artistic effects of the work greatly. readers are concerned about the symbols in the novels and can figure out the aesthetic meaning of these symbols in which the authors philosophical thoughts are expressed. the story “everyday use” reveals the identification of traditional black culture in the society where white culture is dominant. alice walker treats the characters, events, and the scene as a system of cultural symbols, through which he cultural view and ideology imbedded are conveyed and the deep feelings and the great expectations of african-americans are fully expressed. the multi-dimentional symbolization in the story is the embodiment of the aesthetic values of african-americans as well as the realization of literary beauty of vagueness. as a result, it brings to readers greater freedom to interpret and more beauty to enjoy. symbolization of this story is to be analyzed