How to Develop listening Skill 英语本科论文.doc

how to develop listening skillabstract: as technology advances, and trade and exchanges between countries increase, it is becoming more and more necessary to understand spoken english in many situations such as face-to-face conversations, telephone calls, business meetings ,lectures. speeches and so on. it is necessary for us to understand and learn english well .among the four skills, listening is the most difficult for us to acquire. as our english teachers, we should think how to make it easier to develop their listening skill. key words: listen environment body language attitudemost of us have room for improvement in our listening techniques. i encourage you to practice the methods ive just described in your very next conversation. like anything new, they wont feel natural until youve used them a lot. but do so, and youll definitely be on your way to improving this aspect of your charisma. meanwhile, here are some further ideas on ways to make active listening easier for you 1. listen-really listen-to one person for one day. choose one person you could relate to better. commit to listening to them-not just hearing them-for one day. after each meeting, ask yourself did i use the caress techniques did i really make an effort to go beyond superficialities did i observe verbal, vocal, and visual clues did i note what was not being said as well as what was said once youve gotten into this habit of nudging yourself to listen better, extend this exercise to successive days, then to other acquaintances as well. listening well is a gift you can give to others. itll cost you nothing, but it may be invaluable to them. 2. create a receptive listening environment. turn off the tv. hold your calls. put away your spread sheets and silence your computer. when listening, forget about clipping your nails, crocheting, solving crossword puzzles, or snapping your chewing gum. instead, try to provide a private, quiet, comfortable setting where you sit side by side with others without distractions. if thats not possible, perhaps suggest a later meeting in a more neutral, quieter environment. the point is to make your partner feel like youre there for him or her. dont be like the boss who put a desk-sized model of a parking meter on his desk, then required employees to feed the meter-10 cents for every 10 minutes of conversation. what a signal he was sending out! 3. dont talk when im interrupting. if someone else is interrupting, avoid the temptation to reply in kind. itll just raise the level of acrimony and widen the gulf between you. instead, be the one who shows restraint by listening to them, then quietly, calmly, taking up where you left off. if youre talking, you arent learning, president lyndon johnson used to say. and by showing more courtesy than your adversary, you will be quietly sending a message as to how you both ought to be acting. 4. dont overdo it. sometimes newcomers to the skill of listening can get carried away. they know theyre supposed to have eye contact, so theyll stare so much the speaker will feel intimidated. taught to nod their heads to show theyre understanding, theyll start bobbing like sailboats on a rough sea. having learned to project appropriate facial expressions while listening, theyll look as if theyre suffering gastric distress. eventually, the speaker figures out that the other person recently attended a listening seminar or read a book on the subject. but it all comes across as artificial. all good things, including listening, require moderation and suitable application. too much exaggerated listening is just as bad as, if not worse than, none at all. 5. practice mind-mapping. an excellent method for note taking is mind-mapping. this free-form technique helps you take notes quickly without breaking the flow of the conversation. essentially, you use a rough diagram to connect primary pieces of information, then break it into appropriate subtopics or details. its extremely helpful and easy to use, and not at all like the old-fashioned roman-numeral kind of outlining you probably learned in school. if you want to know more, i recommend an excellent book tony buzans the mind map book. 6. be alert to your body language. what you do with your eyes, face, hands, arms, legs, and posture sends out signals as to whether you are, or arent, listening to and understanding what the other person is saying. for example, if you noticed someone you were talking to doing the following, what would you think glancing sideways sighing yawning frowning crossing arms on chestlooking at the ceiling cleaning fingernails cracking knuckles jingling change or rattling keys fidgeting in chair youd very quickly get the impression-wouldnt you-that no matter what words come from this persons mouth, he or she actually has zero interest in what youre talking about and wishes youd just go away. as ralph waldo emerson said, what you are is shouting so loud, i cant hear what you are saying. conversely, consider these mannerisms looking into your eyes smiling frequently raising eyebrows periodically grinning at appropriate moments using expressive hand gestures when speaking keeping eyes wide open licking lips tilting head leaning toward you this person shows interest in you and what youre saying. in addition, the active listener usually acknowledges the speaker verbally with such comments as i see, uh-huh, mmmm, or really some people are contact-oriented, while others are much less so, preferring more space between them and the person theyre talking to. youll be a better listener if you honor those spatial preferences.again, when you acknowledge the other person both verbally and nonverbally, you build trust and increase rapport. and youll probably learn something, too! 7. abstain from judging. as someone once advised, grow antennae, not horns. if you prejudge someone as shallow or crazy or ill-informed, you automatically cease paying attention to what they say. so a basic rule of listening is to judge only after youve heard and evaluated what they say. dont jump to conclusions based on how they look, or what youve heard about them, or whether theyre nervous. in fact, maybe a good exercise would be to go out of your way to listen to a difficult speaker. maybe he talks with a thick accent. or talks much more rapidly, or more slowly, than you, or uses a lot of big words. whatever difficulty this speaker poses, seize it as an opportunity not to prejudge but to practice your listening skills. given some time, youll become more comfortable and effective in listening to diverse styles. 8. listen with empathy. no matter how outrageous, inconsiderate, false, self-centered, or pompous the person youre talking to is, remember he or she is simply trying to survive, just like you. we all deal with similar physical and psychological concerns. some of us just have better survival strategies than others. listening with empathy means asking yourself, where is this persons anger coming from what is he or she asking for what can i do thats reasonable and noncondemning youre not everyones shrink, and you dont have to carry the weight of the world on your back. but, on the other hand, if you can think through what makes this person behave like this, perhaps youll be inclined to cut them a little slack. genuinely listening well is, at its heart, an act of love, and as such, may help heal. 9. be sensitive to emotional deaf spots. deaf spots are words that make your mind wander or go off on a mental tangent. they automatically produce a mental barrier that impedes listening. everybody is affected that way by certain words. for example, a speaker giving a talk to savings-and-loan personnel kept saying, bank. to members of that industry, banks and s&ls are very different things and so each reference to them as bankers irritated the audience and aroused emotions that temporarily derailed their listening. so be alert to what your own deaf spots are and make adjustments. and try to find out what raises the hackles of other people, then avoid those words so as to raise the likely level of listening. 10. create and use an active-listening attitude. learning to be an active listener is like learning to be an active jogger. it takes effort. you start little by little and work upward. its as much a state of mind as a physical activity. besides, as you work longer and get better, it pays ever-increasing benefits. an active-listening attitude can help tremendously in breaking your poor listening habits. exercising such an attitude means appreciating that listening is as powerful as speech. what someone says to you is just as critical as what you have to say to them. realizing that listening saves time and effort. those who listen create fewer mistakes, fewer misunderstandings, and fewer false starts. understanding that listening to everybody is important and worthwhile. look for that something you can learn from each and every person you meet.some cautions and techniques(1) listen to a rough and listen to a combination of precision .training in the hearing, it is necessary to be able to listen to the accuracy of certain important data, age, place names and facts, but also take into account the effect of training to grasp, this weak to be refined by listening to and listen to a rough combine alternating exercises , that is, to listen to and refined throughout listen to a rough divided into independent practice, listen to when interspersed arrangements can also be a story or report his sperm into a pan-paragraph, in some part of the fine to listen to, and the rest listen to a rough. in essence listen, we should first of all familiar with hearing the words material on this难句can be repeated listening: the listen to a rough are focusing first on the volume is very large, only to master the effect, do not have to understand every detail, precise limit to the number of times to listen to until fully understood until the listen to a rough by materials from all over the difficulty and extent of their own to decide, no more than three times the general otherwise lost listen to a rough the meaning of it listen to a rough should not interrupt the middle, it is necessary to at one go, listen to the sentence may be refined or difficulties between the machine to stop, rewind listen. xing pan ill-equipped, will develop a specious content with superficial understanding of the habits, if not, see the forest for the trees, the effect grip. so what kind of training these two should not be neglected. (2) listening training should cultivate the ability to guess the words from the context and the capacity of training in the hearing process, often encounter hear or understand the situation, many reasons, there are progressive speaker pronunciation as a result of unclear or recording ineffective, and sometimes because of the emergence of new words or the content of strange reasons, which relies on grasping a divergence in pronunciation and words from the context to guess the capacity to solve the problem. for example: we first listened to thin snow (ede lweiss) this song, you may of these two songs of doubt, first, you look happy to meet me. some may think it is you look happy to me, to me. but listen more carefully, we will find tone meet me when t part of the loss of tone burst, and me is not connected. another difficulty is the blossom of smow, may you bloom and grow in the lyrics of this, blossom word relations as a result of the beat, sing appointed soon, l did not catch the sound, coupled with and the back of tone, caused great difficulties to the listener, when the need for the use of the words ability to guess from the context of the analysis, this is one of the songs on the white flowers, followed by the verb in another bloom (open) of the word, only blossom (flower) before the word more appropriate moreover, only blossom contain the word b and sm both from the tape, we can identify the voice, so that the problems immediately, therefore, encountered similar situations, first of all to remember to catch the voice, and then based on the below content and grammar provide clues to guess, if possible, according to a divergence in pronunciation can also check the dictionary, this ability is the training of hearing a very crucial aspect of the work of independent, out of the difficulties is essential. 2) to exclude all kinds of noise and interference capability: the ability to train for the country, we should listen more to news broadcasts, listen to those who do not see speaking population-shaped recording report, it is necessary to gradually adapt to the people to speak into the plus well, eh like filler (hesitation fillers) habits, and sometimes all of a sudden half of that sentenceseparate phenomenon) have to adapt to the british tone, the u.s. tone and the ability of some of the major dialects: listening training can be taken from a sound start then gradually transition support another sound approach. to listen to a good grasp of faster britains ability to sustain the u.s. tone, learners can take the initiative to summarize or contrast two of english in pronunciation, the tone of the differences in order to better cross. if the americans or, er, etc. must be added behind the combination of letters r sound: doctor (british music), (us-tone): to a: sound fat for sound: cant ka: nt (british music), k nt (us-tone) and other features of pronunciation. to the north of england, scotland has this special pronunciation and characters, as well as african-american english, australian, new zealand english in some variation of the phenomenon, without special needs, generally do not practice, not to learn. however, there are some proper understanding, listen to one or two samples sound recording is also good. (3) the timing of the hearing training hearing training needs thinking highly concentrated, so the timing of the spirit of the best time each day is better. moreover, the time should not be too long, the first row to listen to more than one hour. listening is a habit into a natural skills, so arrangements for a period of time every day. can not be fishing for three days, two days of drying nets, and it can not listen to for some time, on the fling half a year. (4) hearing test hearing test a variety of forms, according to my degree and training purposes, to find some suitable laws, there are test questions to do practice teaching hearing, assess the standards. 1) the question and answer format: in each set to listen to observe the contents of which can be used to test the form of a question whether or not to understand the effect, such as: what is the story about?, can also check the details of hearing problems, such as: when was the conference held? 2) to fill in t