最新职称英语考试 综合B 知识点复习考点归纳总结 终极版.doc

综合类-b级 完形填空1. a success story【一个成功的故事】 at 19, ben way is already a millionaire, and one of a growing number of teenagers who have made their fortune through the internet. what makes bens story all the more remarkable is that he is dyslexic, and was told by teachers at his junior school that he would never be able to read or write properly. “i wanted to prove them wrong”, says ben, creator and director of waysearch, a net search engine which can be used to find goods in online shopping malls. when he was eight, his local authorities provided him with a pc to help with school work. although he was unable to read the manuals, he had a natural ability with the computer, and encouraged by his father, he soon began charging people 10 an hour for his knowledge and skills. at the age of 15 he set up his own computer consultancy, quad computer, which he ran from his bedroom, and two years later he left school to devote all his time to business. “by this time the company had grown and i needed to take on a couple of employees to help me”, says ben. “that enabled me to start doing business with bigger companies. ” it was his ability to consistently overcome difficult challenges that led him to win the young entrepreneur of the year award in the same year that he formed waysearch, and he has recently signed a deal worth 25 million with a private investment company, which will finance his search engine. 2.traffic in our cities【城市的交通】the volume of traffic in many cities in the world today continues to expand. this causes many problems, including serious air pollution, lengthy delays, and the greater risk of accidents. clearly, something must be done, but it is often difficult to persuade people to change their habits and leave their cars at home. one possible approach is to make it more expensive for people to use their cars by increasing charges for parking and bringing in tougher fines for anyone who breaks the law. in addition, drivers could be required to pay for using particular routes at different times of the day. this system, known as “road pricing”, is already being introduced in a number of cities, using a special electronic card fixed to the windscreen of the car. another way of dealing with the problem is to provide cheap parking on the outskirts of the city, and strictly control the number of vehicles allowed into the centre. drivers and their passengers then use a special bus service for the final stage of their journey. of course, the most important thing is to provide good public transport. however, to get people togive up the comfort of their cars, public transport must be felt to be reliable, convenient and comfortable, with fares kept at an acceptable level. 3.teaching and learning【教与学】many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with1 the student. if a long reading assignment is given, instructors expect student to be familiar with the information in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or take an examination. the ideal student is considered to be one who is motivated to learn for the sake of learning, not the one interested only in getting high grades. sometimes homework is returned with brief written comments but without a grade. even if a grade is not given, the student is responsible for learning the material assigned. when research is assigned, the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with minimum guidance. it is the students responsibility to find books, magazines, and articles in the library. professors do not have the time to explain how a university library works; they expect students particularly graduate students to exhaust the reference sources in the library. professors will help students who need it, but prefer that their students should not be too dependent on them. in the united states professors have many other duties besides teaching, such as administrative or research work. therefore, the time that a professor can spend with a student outside of class is limited . if a student has problems with classroom work, the student should either approach a professor during office hours or make 4.the difference between man and computer【人与电脑的区别】what makes people different from computer programs? what is the missing element that our theories dont yet account for? the answer is simple: people read newspaper stories for a reason: to learn more about what they are interested in. computers, on the other hand, dont. in fact, computers dont even have interests; there is nothing in particular that they are trying to find out when they read. if a computer program is to be a model of story understanding, it should also read for a “purpose”. of course, people have several goals that do not make sense to attribute to computers1. one might read a restaurant guide in order to satisfy hunger or entertainment goals, or to find a good place to go for a business lunch. computers do not get hungry, and computers do not have business lunches. however, these physiological and social goals give rise to several intellectual or cognitive goals. a goal to satisfy hunger gives rise to goals to find information about the name of a restaurant which serves the desired type of food, how expensive the restaurant is, the location of the restaurant, etc. these are goals to acquire information or knowledge, what we are calling learning goals. these goals can be held by computers too; a computer might“want” to find out the location of a restaurant, and read a guide in order to do so in the same way as a person might. while such a goal would not arise out of hunger in the case of the computer, it might well arise out of the “goal” to learn more about restaurants. 5.working mothers【职业母亲】carefully conducted researches that have followed the children of working mothers have not been able to show any long-term problems, compared with children whose mothers stayed at home. my personal view is that mothers should be allowed to work if they wish. whether we like it or not, there are a number of mothers who just have to work. there are those who have invested such a big part of their lives in establishing a career that they cannot afford to see it lost. then there are many who must work out of pure economic necessity . many mothers are not cut out to be full-time parents. after a few months at home with a much loved infant, they feel trapped and isolated. there are a number of options when it comes to choosing childcare. these range from child minders and nannies through to granny or the kind lady across the street. in reality , however, many parents dont have any choice; they have to accept anything they can get. be prepared! no matter how good the childcare may be, some children are going to protest wildly if they are left. this is a perfectly normal stage of child development. babies separate well in the first six months, but soon after that they start to get a crush on mum and close family members. make sure that in the first week you allow plenty of time to help your child settle in. all children are different. some are independent, while others are more attached to their mothers. remember that if you want to do the best for your children, its not the quantity of time you spend with them, its the quality that matters. 6.the first bicycle【第一辆自行车】the history of the bicycle goes back more than 200 years. in 1791, count de sivrac delighted onlookers in a park in paris as he showed off his two-wheeled invention, a machine called the celerifer. it was basically an enlarged version of a childrens toy which had been in use for many years. sivracs “celerifer” had a wooden frame, made in the shape of a horse, which was mounted on a wheel at either end. to ride it, you sat on a small seat, just like a modem bicycle, and pushed hard against the ground with your legs there were no pedals. it was impossible to steer a celerifer and it had no brakes, but despite these problems the invention very much appealed to the fashionable young men of paris. soon they were holding races up and down the streets. minor injuries were common as riders attempted a final burst of speed. controlling the machine was difficult, as the only way to change direction was to pull up the front of the “celerifer” and turn it round while the front wheel was spinning in the air. “celerifers” were not popular for long, however, as the combination of no springs, no steering and rough roads made riding them very uncomfortable. even so, the wooden celerifer was the origin of the modem bicycle. 7.look on the bright side【看光明的一面】do you ever wish you were more optimistic, someone who always expected to be successful? having someone around who always fears the worst isnt really a lot of fun. we all know someone who sees a single cloud on a sunny day and says, “it looks like rain. ” but if you catch yourself thinking such things, its important to do something about it. you can change your view of life, according to psychologists. it only takes a little effort, and youll find life more rewarding as a result . optimism, they say, is partly about self-respect and confidence, but its also a more positive way of looking at life and all it has to offer. optimists are more likely to start new projects and are generally more prepared to take risks. upbringing is obviously very important in forming your attitude to the world. some people are brought up to depend too much on others and grow up forever blaming other people when anything goes wrong. most optimists, on the other hand, have been brought up not to regard failure as the end of the world they just get on with their lives. 综合类-b级 完形填空1. a success story【一个成功的故事】at 19search engine .第1页2.traffic in our cities【城市的交通】the volume an acceptable level. 第二页3.teaching and learning【教与学】many teachersurs or make 第三页4.the difference between man and computer【人与电脑的区别】wh what makesabout restaurants第四页5.working mothers【职业母亲】carefully conductedthat matters.第五页 6.the first bicycle【第一辆自行车】 the historymodem bicycle.第六页7.look on the bright side【看光明的一面】 do you evertheir lives. 第七页综合类-b级阅读理解1.telling tales about people【讲述关于人们的故事】原文：one of the most common types of nonfiction, and one that many people enjoy reading, is stories about peoples lives. these stories fall into three general categories: autobiography, memoir, and biography. 1. this passage is mostly about_-the characteristics of autobiographies, memoirs, and biographies 2. helen keller wrote -an autobiography. 3. autobiography writers are not always objective because they -want to present themselves in a good light 4. the writer introduces each category in the passage by- defining it 5. diverse means -varied or different 2.a letter from alan【艾伦的来信】原文：i have learnt of a plan to build three hundred houses on the land called parsons place by the football ground. few people know about this new plan to increase the size of our town. for me, parsons place is special because it is a beautiful natural area where local people can relax 1. why has alan written this letter?to inform other people about the builders plans. 2. why is parsons place particularly important, in alans opinion? because it is a place near the town where people can enjoy nature. 3. what will cause traffic jams? a building on parsons place. 4. alan says that ordinary people who live in the town will probably soon_. have less money 5. which of these posters has alan made?say no to house on parsons place 3.the development of ballet【芭蕾舞的发展】原文：ballet is a dance form that has a long history. the fact that it survives to this day shows that it has adjusted as times have changed. 1. this passage deals mainly with - the way ballet developed 2. an important influence in early ballet was- louis xiv 3. you can conclude from this passage that ballet - will continue to change as new people and ideas influence it 4. the information in this passage is presented -in chronological order5. the word pageants means- elaborate shows 4.orbital space plane【轨道航天飞机】原文：while scientists are searching the cause of the columbia disaster, nasa is moving ahead with plans to develop a new craft that would replace shuttles on space station missions by 2012 and respond quickly to space station emergencies.1. the orbital space craft has been designed- for carrying astronauts to the international space station2. from the passage we know that the design of the orbiter indicates -nanas determination to continue its space exploration projects. 3. when did the scientists start working on a successor to the shuttle?- years before the explosion of columbia. 4. besides the main missions stipulated by nasa, the orbiter would also be used as- a space ambulance. 5. according to the passage, the funds, if granted, would -be equallyshared by the two projects under space launch initiative.5.the sahara【撒哈拉沙漠】原文：the name sahara derives from the arabic word for “desert” or “steppe”. at 3. 5 million square miles, an area roughly the size of the united states, the sahara desert in northern africa is the largest desert in the world. it spans the continent from the atlantic ocean to the red sea.1. this passage is mostly about-_life in the sahara 2. rainfall in most of the sahara is- less than five inches per year3. the sahara can be described as_-a place of contrasts 4. the phrase “an area roughly the size of the united states” gives an indication of the size of_- the sahara 5. in this passage caravan means_ -group traveling together through difficult country 6.eiffel is an eyeful【引人注目的埃菲尔铁塔】原文：some 300 meters up, near the eiffel towers wind-whipped summit the world comes to scribble. japanese, brazilians. americansthey graffiti their names, loves and politics on the cold irontransforming the most french of monuments into symbol of a world on the move. 答案： 1 why does the author think the eiffel tower is transformed into symbol of a world of the move? -tourists of all nationalities come to scribble on the cold iron of the tower. 2. what seems strange to the author? - visitors prefer wasting time scribbling to enjoying the view. 3. which statements is not true of hugues richard?- he climbed 747 steps up the tower in 19 minutes and 4 seconds. 4. what did the builder use the eiffel tower for? - conducting research in various fields. 5. which of the following is nearest in meaning to “(the eiffel tower is like. a blank canvas for visitors to make of it what they will”?-visitors can imagine freely what the tower represents. 7.goal of american education【美国教育目标】原文：education is an enormous and expensive part of american life. its size is matched by its variety. differences in american schools compared with those found in the majority of other countries lie in the fact that education here has long been intended for everyone 1. which of the following best states the goal of american education? - to give every student the opportunity to fully develop his/her ability. 2. it is implied in the passage that-the subject every student takes may vary. 3. american schools place great emphasis on the learners -acquisition of the ability to be creative 4.according to the passage, american education meets the needs of all the following except- the students from foreign countries. 5.which of the following best states the feature of american education that makes it different from education in other countries? - its underlying goal to develop every childs abilities to the fullest extent8.the family【家庭】原文：the structure of a family takes different forms around the word and even in the same society. the familys form changes as it adapts to changing social and economic influences. 1. another good title for this passage would be_ -what makes a family?2. a nuclear family is defined as_-a married couple with their minor children 3. the information in this passage would most likely be found in_ -an anthropology textbook 4. the information in the first paragraph is presented mainly through_ -pointing out similarities 5. the word mobility means_ -readiness to move 9.tales of the terrible past【讲述可怕的过去】原文：it is not the job of fiction writers to analyze and interpret history. yet by writing about the past in a vivid and compelling manner, storytellers can bring earlier eras to life and force readers to consider them seriously. among those taking on the task of recounting history are some black writers who attempt to examine slavery from different points of view. 1. this passage is mostly about -two novels that deal with slavery 2. beloved is set in -ohio after the civil war 3. the writer seems to feel that- the books are worthwhile but challenging4. the writer emphasizes that the two books are similar in their-_portrayal of violence 5. the word appalling means_ -terrible 10.spacing in animals【动物的间隔距离】原文：flight distanceany observant person has noticed that a wild animal will allow a man or other potential enemy to approach only up to a given distance before it flees. “flight distance” is the terms used for this interspecies spacing. -1. which of the following is the most appropriate definition of flight distance? -distance between an animal and its enemy before fleeing. 2. if an animals critical distance is penetrated, it wil