s英语四级翻译中英文对照

2013 年 7 月中国的贸易顺差（surplus）为 178.18 亿美元。海关总署 （the General Administration of Customs）发布了中国的贸易平衡情 况。从 2004 到 2009 年中国的年贸易顺差增加了 10 倍。 然而，随 着全球需求放缓（slow down） ，大量的基础设施（infrastructure）建 设项目和消费品进口的增长，贸易顺差大幅下降。在过去的几年中， 美国、荷兰（Netherlands） 、英国、越南（Vietnam）和新加坡的贸 易顺差最大。韩国（South Korea） 、澳大利亚（Australia） 、德国 （Germany） 、南非（South Africa） 、日本和巴西（ Brazil）的贸易赤 字最大。 China recorded a trade surplus of $178.18 hundred million in July of 2013. Balance of trade in China is reported by the General Administration of Customs. From 2004 to 2009 Chinas annual trade surplus has increased 10 times. Yet, as the global demand is slowing down and vast infrastructure projects and import of commodities are growing, there has been a significant decline in trade surplus. In the last few years, the biggest trade surpluses were recorded with the United States, Netherlands, United Kingdom, Vietnam and Singapore. The biggest trade deficits were recorded with South Korea, Australia, Germany, South Africa, Japan and Brazil. 这周颁布的一项新法律要求子女必须“经常”探望年龄超过 60 岁的 父母，并确保他们经济和精神上的需求（financial and spiritual needs）得到满足。星期二，新华社报导了一条新闻，来自江苏省无 锡市的一位 77 岁的老太太起诉（sue）她的女儿忽略她。这是新法 律生效后的第一起案件（case） ，当地法院判定（rule）她的女儿必 须每月探望母亲至少两次，并提供经济支持（provide financial support） 。但是这项法律引发了争议。有人说这给了那些因为工作、 学习或者其他机会搬离家乡的人更多压力。 A new law introduced this week requires the offspring of parents older than 60 to visit their parents “frequently” and make sure their financial and spiritual needs are met. On Tuesday, Xinhua reported that a 77-year- old woman from Jiangsu city of Wuxi sued her daughter for neglecting her. In the first case after the new law came into effect, the local court ruled that her daughter must visit her at least twice a month and provide financial support. But the laws introduction has proved controversial. Some say it puts too much pressure on those who move away from home for work, study or other opportunities. 尽管音乐对每个人来说，都再熟悉（be familiar to）不过了，但是几 乎每个人对这门艺术都有自己的观点。什么音乐算是好的音乐，这 是见仁见智的。每种音乐风格都有自己的经典作品，但是流行的并 不完全等于经典的。一个好的音乐作品，是创作者（creator）和演 奏者（performer）双方共同努力（joint effort）的结果，二者相辅相 成，缺一不可。 While music is familiar to virtually everyone it is an art, about which everyone has an opinion. What defines “great” music is, very much, a personal issue. There is “great” music in every style but what is popular does not always define the quality. Music is a joint effort between the creator and the performer and one cannot exist without the other. 尽管图书的种类多种多样，但从本质上（essentially）说，它们都可 以被分为两大类，即纪实题材（fact）与小说题材（fiction） 。有时二 者之间很难辨别，因为有些小说是围绕着现实事件和真实人物来进 行创作的。纪实题材的书籍包括：历史书，教科书，旅行手记，手 册指南（manual）和自传（autobiography）等。 There are many, many different types of books but, essentially, they come in two categories, fact or fiction. Sometimes it is hard to distinguish between the two, because some fiction stories are mixed around true event and refer to real life people. The types of books that are included in the factual category are history books, text books, travel books, manuals and autobiographies. 北京是一些高校的家园，这里的高校比中国其他任何一个城市都要 多。这些高等学府（institutions of higher education）大多位于北京的 西北部。两所著名的大学成立于 1898 的北京大学和成立于 1911 年 的清华大学。清华大学是中国最著名的科研机构。也有能让外国人 去学习中文的语言大学，如位于海淀的北京语言文化大学（Beijing Language and Culture University） 。许多来自世界各地的外国人聚集 （congregate）在这里学习或提高汉语。 Beijing is home to a number of colleges and universities, with more in Beijing than any other city in China. Most of these institutions of higher education are located in the northwestern section of Beijing. Two notable institutions are Beijing University, which was founded in 1898, and Tsinghua University which was founded in 1911. Tsinghua University is the most notable technical and scientific institution in China. There are also language institutes for foreigners to go and learn Chinese, such as Beijing Language and Culture University in Haidian District. Many foreigners from around the world congregate in this area to learn or improve their Chinese. 根据全国老龄工作委员会（China National Committee on Aging）的 数据来看，到 2053 年，中国 60 岁及以上的老人数量预计会从目前 的 1.85 亿一跃变为 4.87 亿，或者说是占总人口的 35%。扩张的比例 是由寿命（life expectancy）的增加和计划生育政策（family planning policies）限制大部分城市家庭只生一个孩子导致的。快速老龄化对 社会和经济稳定造成了严重威胁（pose threat to ） 。 The number of people aged 60 and above in China is expected to jump from the current 185 million to 487 million, or 35 percent of the population, by 2053, according to figures from the China National Committee on Aging. The expanding ratio is due both an increase in life expectancy and by family planning policies that limit most urban families to a single child. Rapid aging poses serious threats to the countrys social and economic stability. 元宵节（Lantern Festival）是在阴历的（lunar）一月十五日。早在西 汉时期，它已经成为具有重要意义的节日。猜灯笼“谜语” （riddle）是节日的核心部分（essential part） 。灯笼的主人会将谜语 写在一张纸条上并贴在灯笼上。如果游客想到了谜语的答案，他们 就将纸条拿下来去灯笼的主人那里查看答案。如果他们答对了，就 会得到一份小礼物。这项活动最早出现在宋代。因为猜谜集趣味和 智慧于一身，它在社会各阶层（all social levels ）之间很流行。 The Lantern Festival falls on the 15th day of the 1st lunar month. As early as the Western Han Dynasty, it had become a festival with great significance. Guessing lantern “riddles” is an essential part of the Festival. Lantern owners write riddles on a piece of paper and post them on the lanterns. If visitors have solutions to the riddles, they can pull the paper out and go to the lantern owners to check their answers. If they are right, they will get a small gift. The activity emerged in the Song Dynasty. As riddle guessing is interesting and full of wisdom, it has become popular among all social levels. 七夕节（Double Seventh Festival） ，阴历七月七日，是一个充满浪漫 的传统节日。这个节日在盛夏（mid-summer ） ，正当天气暖和，草和 树木郁郁葱葱（luxurious green） 。晚上，当天空点缀着（dot）星星 的时候，人们可以看到银河系（Milky Way）从北跨越到南。在银河 的两边各有一颗明亮的星星遥遥相望。他们就是牛郎（Cowherd） 和织女（Weaver Maid） ，关于他们，有一个美丽的爱情故事代代相 传。 The Double Seventh Festival, on the 7th day of the 7th lunar month, is a traditional festival full of romance. This festival is in mid-summer when the weather is warm and the grass and trees reveal their luxurious greens. At night when the sky is dotted with stars and people can see the Milky Way spanning from the north to the south. On each bank of it is a bright star, which can see each other from afar. They are the Cowherd and Weavers Maid, and about them there is a beautiful love story passed down from generation to generation. 象征幸福的圆圆的汤圆（dumpling）是在元宵节（Lantern Festival） 吃的传统食物。现在，在中国这些汤圆也是一种流行的甜点。汤圆 有两种：一种是由白糖和红糖（brown sugar） 、带香甜味的桂花 （osmanthus） 、坚果（nut）和芝麻（sesame seed）做的；另一种有 肉和蔬菜馅料（fillings） 。目前，为追求真正独特的口味（flavour ） ， 中国人已经开始在汤圆中加入巧克力，尽管传统上是煮汤圆，但油 炸汤圆越来越受欢迎。 Round sweet dumplings traditionally are eaten for happiness on the Lantern Festival. Today these dumplings also are a popular dessert in China, and come in two varieties: one is made of white and brown sugar, sweet-scented osmanthus, nuts and sesame seeds; the other has meat and vegetable fillings. Recently Chinese have begun adding chocolate for a truly unique flavour, even though boiled dumplings are traditional, fried sweet dumplings are becoming popular. 黄河（the Yellow River）是中华文明和中华民族的摇篮（ cradle） ， 所以又被称作“母亲河” 。黄河长达 5464 公里，是中国第二大河。 黄河的平均流量为每年 48 亿立方米，还不到长江的 1/20。传说，这 条河里的一条龙给中国人民带来画笔（stroke） ，以后发展为汉字 （Chinese character） 。然而，黄河也是中国的伤心事，因为其灾难性 的洪水造成无数人死亡。强大的洪水经常改变河道（course of the river） 。 The cradle of Chinese civilization and the Chinese race, the Yellow River is called the Mother River. The Yellow River is 5,464 km in length and is the second largest river in China. The average volume of the flow of the Yellow River, 48 billion cubic meters each year, is not more than one- twentieth of the Yangtzes. Legend has it that a dragon from the river brought to the Chinese the strokes from which the Chinese characters developed. However, the Yellow River is known as Chinas sorrow because it has caused countless deaths through its devastating floods. The powerful floods have often changed the course of the river. 长江（Yangtze）的长度超过 6300 公里，是中国最大最长的河流， 仅次于非洲的尼罗河和南美洲的亚马逊河。它发源于格拉丹东雪峰 （the snow-draped Gela Dandong）西南部的沱沱河（the Tuotuo River） ，由西向东流经 9 个省和上海市，最后流入中国东海。长江 自然风光优美，历史积淀深厚（profound accumulation） ，也是中国 主要的旅游景点，在那里你可以欣赏到壮丽的三峡（Three Gorges） 和宏伟的三峡大坝（Three Gorges Dam）等。 Over 6,300 kilometres long, the mighty Yangtze is the largest and longest river in China, surpassed only by the Nile of Africa and the Amazon of South America. It originates from the Tuotuo River on the southwestern side of the snow-draped Gela dingdong, flowing from west to east through 9 provinces and city of Shanghai, finally running into the East China Sea. With superb natural scenery and profound historical accumulations, Yangtze River is also a main tourist attraction in China, where you can appreciate the magnificent Three Gorges and mighty Three Gorges Dam, etc. 清明是中国的二十四节气（the 24 seasonal division points in China） 之一，每年 4 月 4-6 日。节日过后，温度将会上升，降雨量会增加。 这正是春天耕作和播种的好时节。但是清明节不仅是一个指导农活 的节气，还是一个纪念（commemoration）的节日。每到清明节，所 有的墓地（cemetery）都挤满了来扫墓（sweep the tomb）和献祭的 人。这一习俗现在已经大大简化了。稍稍清扫坟墓后，人们就拿出 食物、鲜花和死者最喜爱的东西，然后烧香少纸币，在墓碑牌位 （the memorial tablet）前鞠躬。 The Qing Ming Festival is one of the 24 seasonal division points in China, falling on April 4-6 each year. After the festival, the temperature will rise up and rainfall increases. It is the high time for spring plowing and sowing. But the Qing Ming Festival is not only a seasonal point to guide farm work; it is more a festival of commemoration. On each Qing Ming Festival, all cemeteries are crowded with people who came to sweep tombs and offer sacrifices. The customs have been greatly simplified today. After slightly sweeping the tombs, people offer food, flowers and favourites of the dead, then burn incense and false paper money and bow before the memorial tablet. 农历九月九日是传统的重阳节（Chong yang Festival） ，或者说是双 九节。登高避邪（avoid epidemics）的习俗从很久以前就流传（pass down）下来。因此，重阳节也被称为“登高节” （Height Ascending Festival） 。1989 年，中国政府决定把重阳节定为老年节（Seniors Day） 。从那以后，所有政府单位、组织和街道社区每年都会为退休 职工组织一次秋游。在水边或山间，老年人将发现自己融入（merge into） 。年轻一代会在这一天带老人郊游或送礼物给他们。 The 9th day of the 9th lunar month is the traditional Chong Yang Festival, or Double Ninth Festival. The custom of ascending a height to avoid epidemics was passed down from long time ago. Therefore, the Double Ninth Festival is also called “Height Ascending Festival”. In 1989, the Chinese government decided the Double Ninth Festival as Seniors Day. Since then, all government units, organizations and streets communities will organize an autumn trip each year for those who have retired from their posts. At the waterside or on the mountains, the seniors will find themselves merged into nature. Younger generations will bring elder ones to suburban areas or send gifts to them on this day. 在早期的皇权时代，书法（calligraphy ）和绘画（ painting）是上层 社会（court circle）最为尊崇的艺术，大部分是由业余爱好者创作的， 这些业余爱好者通常是有充足的闲暇时间来对笔法和画法进行鉴赏 的贵族（aristocrat）和士大夫（ scholar-officials） 。书法被认为是最 高等、最纯洁的绘画形式。晋朝（the Jin Dynasty）时，人们开始欣 赏绘画的美丽，开始写关于艺术的东西。从这个时候开始，个人艺 术家，如顾恺之（Gu Kaizhi）开始出现。 In early imperial times, calligraphy and painting in China were the most highly appreciated arts in court circles and were produced almost exclusively by amateurs, usually aristocrats and scholar-officials, who had the leisure time to appreciate the brushwork. Calligraphy was thought to be the highest and purest form of painting. During the Jin Dynasty, people began to appreciate painting for its own beauty and to write about art. From this time individual artists, such as Gu Kaizhi, started to emerge. 几个世纪以来，中国人在自然中寻求灵感（inspiration）和自我认知 （self-knowledge） 。因此，中国园林倡导回归自然世界。由于城市 土地一直昂贵，中国城市的园林相对都比较小，但是每一个中国园 林都致力于（devote to）让岩石、植物和睡看起来比它实际上要更 好，因为中国的园林设计师用巧妙的方式（clever way）把游客从一 个独特的有利视角（vantage point