上菲红欧四欧五发动机排放培训资料

Wulumqi, 26 June 2007Claudio OpertiManager R&D FPT ChinaHeavy Duty Engine emissions Euro 4/5重型车用发动机排放 欧 4/欧 526 June 2007FPT= “FPT” isFIAT POWERTRAIN TECHNOLOGIES FIAT动力总成技术= It is a company including in a single organization all the engine & driveline activities of the Fiat group worldwide是 FIAT集团全世界包括所有发动机和动力传动系统的独立的机构Fiat automotive FIAT汽车IVECOOthers 其它= It is developing and producing 正在开发和生产Diesel and gasoline engines 柴油和汽油发动机From 1,0 liters up to 40 liters 从 1.0L到 40LFor 用于 Cars轿车 Trucks卡车 Agricultural and earth moving农业和工程机械 Marine船用 Power generation发电 . 等等226 June 2007Emission Limits排放限值Euro 3NOxPMTill 20065,00,10Euro 3 Registration Europe 欧洲欧 3注册326 June 2007Euro 4 Registration step 1 Europe 欧洲欧 4第 1阶段注册Durability耐久性In Use Compliance在用车Homologation class / weight认证 类别 /质量Control Measurements测量控制OBD Stage 1OBD第 1阶段Euro 4System Failure系统不完善2006 20073,50,02Emission Limits排放限值Euro 3NOxPMTill 20065,00,10426 June 2007Euro 4 Registration step 2 Europe欧洲欧 4第 2阶段注册Durability耐久性In Use Compliance在用车Homologation class / weight认证Control Measurements测量控制OBD Stage 1OBD第 1阶段Euro 4System Failure系统不完善2006 20073,50,02Emission Limits排放限值Euro 3NOxPMTill 20065,00,10NOx Control Torque reduction扭矩降低控制+2007 2009526 June 2007Euro 5 Legislation Europe 欧洲欧 5法规Euro 5OBD Stage 2DurabilityNEW ?20092,00,022007 2009Emission Limits排放限值NOxPM5,00,10Euro 3Till 20063,50,02Euro 42006 2007Durability耐久性In Use Compliance在用车Homologation class / weight认证分类 /质量Control Measurements测量控制OBD Stage 1OBD第 1阶段System Failure系统不完善 +NOx Control Torque reduction626 June 2007EC 88/77 Comp. Euro 3 Comp. Euro 5Emissions E4 Emissions E4OBD Stage 1 OBD Stage 2DurabilityEmissions E5Emissions E5In use complianceCompulsory Euro 4DurabilityNew in use compliance2005 2006 2007 20092008 2010Emissions E4OBD Stage 1 + NOx controlDurabilityIn use compliance Since 2005 was possible to register vehicles according to Euro 4/5 emission values从 2005年开始可以按照欧 4/欧 5排放进行车辆注册 Euro 4 Step 1 (ODB stage 1) are compulsory from Oct 2006 从 2006年 10月强制执行欧 4第 1阶段 (OBD第 1阶段 )认证Emissions E3Emissions E5 Emissions E5 Euro 4 Step 2 (OBD stage 1 + NOx control) are compulsory from Oct 2007从 2007年 10月强制执行欧 4第 2阶段 (OBD第 1阶段 +NOx控制 )认证 Euro 5 (emission values + OBD stage 2) are compulsory from Oct 2009从 2009年 10月开始欧 5(排放 +OBD第 2阶段 )Step 1 Step 2726 June 2007Legislation summary 法规概要826 June 2007Durabilty requirements 耐久性要求= Present European Euro 4 legislations specifies that当前欧 4法规说明A minimum durability of the engine in terms of emissions legislation conformity must be guaranteed by the manufacturer (limit depending on vehicle class / size)排放法规中的发动机最低耐久性符合性由制造厂保证 (限值取决于车辆类型 /尺寸 )The same criteria applies to the after treatment system标准同样适用于后处理系统 No specific demonstration of this durability is required. 没有明确的耐久性 ”试验实例 ”要求= It is expected that future European legislation will include a durability “demonstration” equivalent to the USA EPA approach未来的欧洲法规将包含耐久性 ”试验实例 ”,等同于美国环保署方法926 June 2007In-use compliance 1 在用车符合性 -1= The verification of conformity to emission standards of vehicles in real use is very critical on HD applications.检查重型在用车辆排放符合性是非常复杂的 .As NOx and particulate emissions are very low at low engine load, any “conformity” test must be performed with the engine under high load. This requires either因为在发动机低负荷时 NOx和颗粒排放非常低 ,任何符合性测试必须在发动机高负荷时进行 .Emission measurements on vehicle in operation on road车辆排放在道路上运转Use of a roller test bed (for a truck, a very heavy / expensive device)使用转鼓试验台 (对于卡车 ,非常重 /装置昂贵 ) Dismounting the engine (and the after treatment system) from the vehicle and installation on an engine test bed从车辆上拆下发动机 (和后处理系统 )并安装到发动机排放试验台上 .1026 June 2007In-use compliance 2 在用车符合性 -2= European (and US) legislations have selected the “OBD” approach.欧洲 (和美国 )法规选择 ”OBD”方法The control system of the engine / after treatment must detect any system malfunction causing an increase of emissions and give indication to the driver (including engine power reduction)发动机 /后处理控制系统必须发现任何导致排放增加的系统故障并给驾驶员故障指示 (包括发动机功率降低 )The effectiveness of the OBD must be demonstrated at engine homologation 必须在发动机认证时认证 OBD效果The “road” inspection authority can “read” the OBD “history” of the vehicle to detect malfunctions or mis-use道路检查权威部门可读取车辆上 OBD”历史 ”记录 ,以发现故障或错误使用1126 June 2007. from “Euro 3” to Euro 4 从欧 3到欧 4NOx (g/kWh)PM (g/kWh)Starting Point Euro 3欧欧 3起点起点50.10EURO 43,50.021226 June 2007Engine development 发动机技术发展NOXPMFuel Consumption燃油消耗Engine adjustmentsNOx reduction increase PM and fuel consumptionPM reduction reduce fuel consumption but NOx increase1326 June 2007The technology choice 技术选择= Two possible solutions两种可能的解决方案 : EGR SCRExhaust Gas Recirculation废气再循环Selective Catalytic Reduction选择性催化转化器1426 June 2007EGR: to match Euro 4 匹配欧 4EGRNOx (g/kWh)PM (g/kWh)Starting Point Euro 3起点欧起点欧 35EURO 43,50.100.021526 June 2007EGR: to match Euro 4 匹配欧 4NOx (g/kWh)PM (g/kWh)Starting Point Euro 3起点欧起点欧 35EURO 43,5PM Filter0.100.02EGR1626 June 2007SCR: to match Euro 4 匹配欧 4NOx (g/kWh)PM (g/kWh)Starting Point Euro 3欧欧 3起点起点5EURO 43,50.020.10SCR1726 June 2007SCR: to match Euro 4 匹配欧 4NOx (g/kWh)PM (g/kWh)Starting Point Euro 3起点欧起点欧 353,5EURO 40.02 SCR0.10SCR1826 June 2007SCR: to match Euro 5 匹配欧 50.10NOx (g/kWh)PM (g/kWh)Starting Point Euro 3起点欧起点欧 353,5EURO 4EURO 52SCR0.02SCR1926 June 2007EGR valve EGR technology EGR技术PM Filter EGR system effects emissions at source, in the combustion chamber EGR系统在源头解决排放 ,在燃烧室内2026 June 2007 Exhaust gas is forced through porous ceramic cell排气强制通过多孔蜂窝状陶瓷 Walls外壳Closed filter structure封闭式滤芯结构Efficiency up to 80%效率上限 80%Combination with Oxi cat与氧化型催化转化器结合PM Filter = PM Trap = DPF2126 June 2007PM Trap: two possible offers 两种可能的提议Standard Version标准版Filter unit to be replaced过滤器单元被取代Maintenance intervals required必要的间隔维护CRTContinuously Regenerating Trap连续再生式颗粒捕集器Permanent PM combustion永久的颗粒燃烧No maintenance required免维护Car application客车应用Truck application卡车应用2226 June 2007 A part of the exhaust gas is led through the metal部分排气通过金属 fleece, the rest is bypassing the fleece 其余通过编织物Open cell structure开放式蜂窝结构No maintenance免维护Efficiency up to 50%效率上限 50%Combination with Oxi cat与氧化型催化转化器结合PM Cat 颗粒催化转化器2326 June 2007Comparison: PM Trap vs. PM Cat 颗粒捕集器与颗粒催化转化器比较Disadvantage缺点 Backpressure increase排气背压增加 Ash accumulation灰聚集 Packaging装配 Filter clogging过滤器堵塞Disadvantage缺点 Low efficiency效率低 Smoke puff during up-transients变工况冒烟 Low soot load capacity烟灰装载量低 Low passive regeneration potential被动再生潜力低PM Trap颗粒捕集器 PM Cat颗粒催化转化器Plug Porous filter wall Corrugated metal foil Porous layer(sinter metal fleece)2426 June 2007SCR technology SCR技术 No PM Filter is necessary不需要颗粒过滤器 SCR is an after treatment system that requires Urea as additive to create a chemical reaction to reduce NOxSCR是一种以尿素作为添加剂发生化学反应降低 NOx的后处理系统2526 June 2007SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction)Air Pressure空气压力Cooling circuit冷却系2626 June 2007characteristics尿素性能 Availability有效性 Used in other industry sectors用于其它工业领域 Economic price价格 Mix: 32,5 % ammonia + 67,5% water 混合比 :32.5%氨水 +67.5%水 Easy handling, no danger-good 易操作 ,无危险 Freezing point冰点 : -11 C Evaporating point蒸发点 : + 60 C Strong volume extension较强的体积膨胀2726 June 2007SCR vs. EGR SCR和 EGR比较= Feature 特点 SCR EGR Fuel consumption燃油耗 Lower 低 Higher高 Engine durability发动机耐久性 as Euro 3 同欧 3 Reduced减少 Oil change intervals 更换机油间隔 as Euro 3 同欧 3 Reduced减少 Euro 5 compatibility欧 5兼容性 YES是 Difficult困难 Cooling requirements 冷却系要求 up