孙子兵法与36计(中英文对照)PPT演示课件

.,1,孙子兵法三十六计（Thirty-Six Stratagems）乃兵家之经典著作。语源于南北朝，成书于明清，是汉民族悠久文化遗产之一。现代人习之，在商场职场生活领域中，古为今用。,.,2,第一套 胜战计 Chapter 1: Winning Stratagems,第一计 瞒天过海 crossing the sea under camouflage备周则意怠；常见则不疑。阴在阳之内，不在阳之对。太阳，太阴。Mask your real goals, by using the ruse of a fake goal, until the real goal is achieved. Tactically, this is known as an open feint: in front of everyone, you point west, when your goal is actually in the east.,.,3,第二计 围魏救赵relieving the state of Zhao by besieging the state of Wei,共敌不如分敌；敌阳不如敌阴。When the enemy is too strong to be attacked directly, then attack something he holds dear. Know that he cannot be superior in all things. Somewhere there is a gap in the armour, a weakness that can be attacked instead. The idea here is to avoid a head-on battle with a strong enemy, and instead strike at his weakness elsewhere. This will force the strong enemy to retreat in order to support his weakness. Battling against the now tired and low-morale enemy will give a much higher chance of success.,.,4,第三计 借刀杀人killing someone with a borrowed knife,敌已明，友示定，引友杀敌，不自出力，以损推演。When you do not have the means to attack your enemy directly, then attack using the strength of another.,.,5,第四计 以逸待劳waiting at ones ease for the exhausted enemy,困敌之势，不以战；损刚益柔。It is an advantage to choose the time and place for battle. In this way you know when and where the battle will take place, while your enemy does not. Encourage your enemy to expend his energy in futile quests while you conserve your strength. When he is exhausted and confused, you attack with energy and purpose.,.,6,第六计 声东击西making a feint to the east and attacking in the west,敌志乱萃，不虞，坤下兑上之象。利其不自主而取之。In any battle the element of surprise can provide an overwhelming advantage. Even when face to face with an enemy, surprise can still be employed by attacking where he least expects it. To do this you must create an expectation in the enemys mind through the use of a feint.,.,7,第二套 敌战计Chapter 2: Enemy Dealing Stratagems,第七计 无中生有creating something out of nothing诳也，非诳也，实其所诳也。少阴，太阴，太阳。You use the same feint twice. Having reacted to the first and often the second feint as well, the enemy will be hesitant to react to a third feint. Therefore the third feint is the actual attack catching your enemy with his guard down.,.,8,第八计 暗渡陈仓advancing secretly by an unknown path,Deceive the enemy with an obvious approach that will take a very long time, while surprising him by taking a shortcut and sneak up to him. As the enemy concentrates on the decoy, he will miss you sneaking up to him.,.,9,第九计 隔岸观火watching a fire from the other side of the river,Delay entering the field of battle until all the other players have become exhausted fighting amongst themselves. Then go in at full strength and pick up the pieces.,.,10,第十计 笑里藏刀covering the dagger with a smile,第十一计 李代桃僵palming off substitute for the real thing第十二计 顺手牵羊picking up something in passingWhile carrying out your plans be flexible enough to take advantage of any opportunity that presents itself, however small, and avail yourself of any profit, however slight.,.,11,第三套：攻战计Chapter 3: Attacking Stratagems,第十三计 打草惊蛇beating the grass to frighten the snakeDo something unaimed, but spectacular (hitting the grass) to provoke a response of the enemy (startle the snake), thereby giving away his plans or position, or just taunt him.Do something unusual, strange, and unexpected as this will arouse the enemys suspicion and disrupt his thinking.More widely used as Do not startle the snake by hitting the grass. An imprudent act will give your position or intentions away to the enemy.,.,12,第十四计 借尸还魂resurrecting a dead soul by borrowing a corpse,用者，不可借；不能用者，求借。借不能用者而用之。匪我求童蒙，童蒙求我。Take an institution, a technology, a method, or even an ideology that has been forgotten or discarded and appropriate it for your own purpose.Revive something from the past by giving it a new purpose or bring to life old ideas, customs, or traditions and reinterpret them to fit your purposes.,.,13,第十五计 调虎离山luring the tiger out of his den,待天以困之，用人以诱之，往蹇来返。Never directly attack an opponent whose advantage is derived from its position. Instead lure him away from his position thus separating him from his source of strength.,.,14,第十六计 欲擒故纵letting the enemy off in order to catch him,Cornered prey will often mount a final desperate attack. To prevent this you let the enemy believe he still has a chance for freedom.His will to fight is thus dampened by his desire to escape. When in the end the freedom is proven a falsehood the enemys morale will be defeated and he will surrender without a fight.,.,15,第十七计 抛砖引玉giving the enemy something to induce him to lose more valuable things,Bait someone by making him believe he gains something or just make him react to it (toss out a brick) and obtain something valuable from him in return (get a jade gem).,.,16,第十八计 擒贼擒王capturing the ringleader first in order to capture all the followers,摧其坚，夺其魁，以解其体。龙战于野，其道穷也。If the enemys army is strong but is allied to the commander only by money, superstition or threats, then take aim at the leader.If the commander falls the rest of the army will disperse or come over to your side.If, however, they are allied to the leader through loyalty then beware, the army can continue to fight on after his death out of vengeance.,.,17,Chapter 4: Chaos Stratagems第四套：混战计,第十九计 釜底抽薪extracting the firewood from under the cauldron第二十计 混水摸鱼muddling the water to catch the fish; fishing in troubled watersCreate confusion and use this confusion to further your own goals.,.,18,第二十一计 金蝉脱壳slipping away by casting off a cloak; getting away like the cicada sloughing its skin第二十二计 关门捉贼catching the thief by closing / blocking his escape route第二十三计 远交近攻befriending the distant enemy while attacking a nearby enemy第二十四计 假途伐虢attacking the enemy by passing through a common neighbor,.,19,第五套：并战计Chapter 5: Proximate Stratagems,第二十五计 偷梁换柱stealing the beams and pillars and replacing them with rotten timbers第二十六计 指桑骂槐reviling/abusing the locust tree while pointing to the mulberry第二十七计 假痴不癫feigning madness without becoming insane,.,20,第二十八计 上屋抽梯removing the ladder after the enemy has climbed up the roof第二十九计 树上开花putting artificial flowers on trees第三十计 反客为主turning from the guest into the host,.,21,第六套：败战计Chapter 6: Desperate Stratagems,第三十一计 美人计using seductive women to corrupt the enemySend your enemy beautiful women to cause discord within his camp. This strategy can work on three levels.First, the ruler becomes so enamoured with the beauty that he neglects his duties and allows his vigilance to wane.Second, other males at court will begin to display aggressive behaviour that inflames minor differences hindering co-operation and destroying morale.Third, other females at court, motivated by jealousy an