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1、动词概述表示动作或状态的词叫做动词。可以分为以下四类:类别例句使用特点实义/行为动词及物动词Love, make后跟宾语不及物动词Go, rise后不跟宾语连系动词Be, look后跟表语助动词Be, have, do, shall, will, did本身没有词义,后跟动词原形或分词,构成疑问句或否定句等情态动词Can, may, mist本身有词义,后跟动词原形,构成谓语1、 实义动词及物动词与不及物动词根据后面是否带宾语,行为动词又可分为及物动词和不及物动词,及物动词。Vt. vi.They study hard. I know them well. 注:有的动词既可作及物动词,也可用作
2、不及物动词。如:She sings very well.She sang an English song just now. 英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,_不变。试比较: Shall I begin at once?She began working as a librarian after she left school.资料个人收集整理,勿做商业用途When did they leave Chicago?They left last week. 短语:动态动词和静态动词动态动词表示动作,如give, take, work, run等;静态动
3、词表示感觉、情感、内心世界、相互关系等,如know, exist, be, have, appear, prove, concern, hate, dislike, like, love, surprise, include, depend on, belong to, guess, suppose,imagine, believe, doubt, admire, envy等。资料个人收集整理,勿做商业用途延续性动词和非延续性动词根据动作是否延续,行为动词又分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。如rain, live, work, learn等是延续性动词,go, come, leave, start
4、, arrive, join, finish, end等是非延续性动词。资料个人收集整理,勿做商业用途注:非延续性动词在肯定句中通常不与表示时间段连用的for短语连用。如:译他离开这里三天了。误He has left here for three days. 正He has been away from here for three days. 正He left here three days ago. 正Its three days since he left. 限定动词与非限定动词限定动词在句中作谓语,有人称和数的变化。非限定动词有动词不定式、动名词和分词三种,也叫非谓语动词,没有人称和数
5、的变化。资料个人收集整理,勿做商业用途The room needs cleaning. 二、连系动词系动词亦称连系动词,作为系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语(亦称补语),构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。系动词后不可接副词,接的是形容词。资料个人收集整理,勿做商业用途Be:He is a teacher.(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。)I am fine. 2、keep, rest, remain, stay,例如: He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。 This matter rests a myst
6、ery. 此事仍是一个谜。 3、表示看起来像这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look, 例如: He looks tired. He seems (to be) very sad. 4、feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如: This kind of cloth feels very soft. This flower smells very sweet. 资料个人收集整理,勿做商业用途5、become, grow, turn, fall(asleep), get, go, come, run. 资料个人收集整理,勿做商业用途He became mad aft
7、er that. She grew rich within a short time.资料个人收集整理,勿做商业用途6、终止系动词。表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, turn out, 表达证实,变成之意,资料个人收集整理,勿做商业用途The rumor proved false. His plan turned out a success. (turn out表终止性结果)资料个人收集整理,勿做商业用途7使役动词:let,have,make 使,让Let /make somebody do sthThe teacher lets/makes them clean the classro
8、om after school.资料个人收集整理,勿做商业用途Make sb/sth adj. The story makes me happy. The color makes it look beautiful.资料个人收集整理,勿做商业用途Have somebody do sth 让某人做某事Have sth done 让某物被做My mother haves me make the bed. I have my hair cut/washed.资料个人收集整理,勿做商业用途有些动词它们既可以用作实义动词,又可以用作连系动词。另外be还可用作助动词。它们的用法不同,词义和句型结构也有所不
9、同。例如:资料个人收集整理,勿做商业用途Look at the blackboard, please.请看黑板。(look用作实义动词) He looks a little tired.他略显疲倦。(look用作连系动词) They are at work.他们在工作。(are用作连系动词) They are working.他们正在工作。(are用作助动词,帮助构成现在进行时) 3、 助动词协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词。 助动词是语法功能词,自身没有词义,不可单独使用,它没有对应的汉译,例如: He doesnt like English.(doesnt是助动词,无词义;like
10、是主要动词,有词义)资料个人收集整理,勿做商业用途1、助动词be(is, am,are,was,were),have(has, had, having),do(did,does).资料个人收集整理,勿做商业用途*do(does, did) 的用法(1)构成疑问句或否定句(How) did you know ?He does not smoke. (2)加强语气。He did tell that.Do come and see us.(3)代替前面刚出现的动词,避免重复。-You like popular music, dont you?-Yes , I do.He speaks French
11、as fluently as she does.(4)用于倒装句中。Never did he pay attention to my words.Only then did I understand the importance of English.资料个人收集整理,勿做商业用途(5)构成否定的祈使句。Dont be so careless.Do not hesitate to come for help.4、 情态动词Can,could,may,might, shill,should, will,would,need,dear,have to, ought to资料个人收集整理,勿做商业用
12、途. 1. Mr Wang _ be in Nanjing now, he went to Beijing only this morning.A. mustnt B. may not C. cant D. neednt 2. -Must I stay at home, Mum? -No, you _.A. neednt B. mustnt C. dont D. may not 3. -Can you go swimming with us this afternoon?-Sorry, I cant. I _ take care of my little sister at home beca
13、use my mother is ill.A. can B. may C. would D. have to 4. -May I go to the cinema, Mum? -Certainly. But you _ be back by 11 oclock.A. can B. may C. must D. need 5. To make our city more beautiful, rubbish _ into the river.A. neednt be thrown B. mustnt be thrownC. cant throw D. may not throw 6. -May
14、I go out to play basketball, Dad?-No, you _. You must finish your homework first.A. mustnt B. may not C. couldnt D. neednt 7. -Where is Jack, please ? -He _ be in the reading room.A. can B. need C. would D. mustA. musnt B. may not C. cant D. neednt 8. -Mum, may I watch TV now?-Sure, but you _ help m
15、e with my housework first.A. can B. may C. must D. could 9. The boy said he had to speak English in class, but he _ speak it after calss.A. could B. didnt have to C. might D. shouldnt 10. John _ go there with us tonight, but he isnt very sure about it.A. must B. can C. will D. may 11. Even the top s
16、tudents in our class cant work out this problem. So it _ be very difficult.A. can B. may C. must D. need 12. Its still early. You _.A.mustnt hurry B. wouldnt hurryC. may not hurry D. dont have to hurry 13. A computer _ think for itself, it must be told what to do.A. cant B. couldnt C. may not D. might not 14. -Could I borrow your dictionary? - Yes, of course y
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