计算机英语09-10 考试大纲(完整版).ppt

1、考试范围,课本 Unit 1 to Unit 12 的Section A 以及 Unit 8 Computer Network的 Section B: A Guide to Network Topology Section C: Network Connecting Devices,考试题型,一、Vocabulary(词汇)(30分) (一)Translate the following words and expressions into Chinese(写出下列词组的汉语)(共10分，每题1分) (二)Fill in the blanks with the corresponding En

2、glish.(根据汉语写出相应的英语。) (共10分，每题1分) (三) Fill in the blanks(填空题，每空1分，共10分).,二、Comprehension(阅读理解，40分),（一）Fill in the blanks with suitable words or expressions from the list given below, and change the form where necessary. （从下面方框中选择合适的词或表达，以其适当的形式填空。）(10分, 每空1分),black box testing; internal; bug; thoroug

3、h; reveal; output; faults; valid; white box testing ; lifecycle;,Software testing, which is defined as the execution of a program to find its（ ）, is a vital part of the software（ ）. There are different types of testing, mainly, they are （ ）or functional testing, which tests whether the（ ）is the expe

4、cted result with the （ ）input; and （ ）(or glass box testing) which is performed to（ ）problems with the（ ）structure of a program . Debugging is the process of analyzing and locating bugs when software does not behave as expected. Software testing is a much more（ ）means of identifying software （ ）. Th

5、erefore, debugging supports testing other than replacing testing.,（二）Tell whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F) according to the passage A.（根据上文的内容判断下列句子的正误）（10分,每题2分）,During initial days of the development of software, everything was done in discipline.（ ） The definition of softw

6、are engineering is the application of systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approaches to the development, operation, and maintenance of software. （ ） For developing a software product, you need design, coding and testing.（ ） software engineering is the application of engineering to software .（ ） So

7、ftware engineering only covers the technical aspects of building software systems.（ ）,(三)、choose the best answer according to the passage B.(根据上文的内容选择正确的答案。（10分，每题2分),1A computer virus is a computer program that is created to make and spread of itself. Aprograms Bvirus C copies Dfiles 2Worm spread i

8、tself except by . Anetwork BE-mail Cprogram Dhardware 3Antivirus program can scan and virus. Aclean Bproduce Creplicate Dmake 4Trojan Horses . Aquickly replicate itself and gradually attache to files, programs or the hard drive. Binfect the computer without even having to click open email attachment

9、 or any program. Callow hackers to take control over a particular system or to steal very important data. Davoid the virus to attack computer. 5According to BusinessWeek, the attacks reported in the first half of 2003 nearly match previous years total number . A 86,404 B 76,404 C56,354 D34,876,(四) C

10、hoose the best answer according to Passage C.（ 根据上文的内容选择正确的答案。10分，每题2分),1. How many computers were connected to the initial Internet in 1969 ?（ ） A. Ten B. Four C. Twenty D. Three 2. Only could use the early Internet. A. computer experts, engineers, scientists, and librarians B. any experts, enginee

11、rs, scientists, and librarians C. computer experts, engineers, scientists, and students D. experts, engineers, and scientists in universities in US 3. The Internet became a lot easier for non-technical people to learn and use because of the common . A. commands B. protocols C. topologies D. architec

12、ture 4. The first really friendly interface to the Internet appeared with the introduction of a system for files and information access. A. computer B. operating C. menu D. application 5. Which statement is not true according to Passage C? （ ） A. Many more people in universities began to use the Int

13、ernet in the 1970s, but it wasnt as user-friendly as todays standards. B. The restrictions to commercial uses changed as the independent commercial networks were not funded by the government. C. Commercial uses were allowed for the early Internet if they directly served the goals of research and edu

14、cation. D. The early Internet was logged in from home or office personal computers.,我们这次考试第二大题阅读理解题目的主题包括Unit 1,2,3,4,8, 9,12中Section A所介绍的内容。 主题将会包括程序设计语言，计算机的中央处理器，如何将程序从源代码转换为目标代码，计算机病毒，因特网的起源与发展历史以及其所采用的网络协议。 文章内容与课文原文并不完全一致。,三、Translation.翻译(30分),（一）Translate the following sentences into Chines

15、e.（共20分，每题5分） 1. A word processor enables you to create a document, store it electronically on a disk, display it on a screen, modify it by entering commands and characters from the keyboard, and print it on a printer.,(二) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.（将下段文章翻译成汉语。）（共10分）,Programmin

16、g languages can be classified as either low-level languages or high-level languages. Low-level programming languages, or machine languages, are the most basic type of programming languages and can be understood directly by a computer. Machine languages differ depending on the manufacturer and model

17、of computer. High-level languages are programming languages that must first be translated into a machine language before they can be understood and processed by a computer. Examples of high-level languages are C, C+, PASCAL, and FORTRAN. Assembly languages are intermediate languages that are very cl

18、ose to machine languages and do not have the level of linguistic sophistication exhibited by other high-level languages, but must still be translated into machine language.,Unit 1 Section A: Computer Overview,Artificial intelligence人工智能 Optical computer光脑 Neural network神经网络 Instruction set指令集 Parall

19、el processing并行处理 Difference engine差分机 Vacuum tube真空管 Versatile logical element通用逻辑元件,Unit 1 Section A: Computer Overview,数据的存储与处理storage and handling of data 超大规模集成电路very large-scale integrated circuit 模拟计算机analogue computer 数字计算机digital computer 处理器芯片processor chip 操作指令operation instruction 输入设备in

20、put device,Unit 1 Section A: Computer Overview,A computer is an electronic device that can receive a set of instructions, or program, and then carry out this program by performing calculations on numerical data or by manipulating other forms of information. 计算机是一种电子设备，它能接收一套指令或一个程序，然后通过对数字数据进行运算或对其他

21、形式的信息进行处理来执行该程序。,A digital computer is not a single machine: rather, it is a system composed of five distinct elements(1) a central processing unit; (2) input device;(3) memory storage devices;(4) output devices; and (5) a communication network, called a bus, which links all the elements of the syst

22、em and connects the system to the external world. 一台数字计算机不是单一的机器。确切地说，它是由5个不同的要素组成的系统：（1）中央处理器；（2）输入设备；（3）存储设备；（4）输出设备；以及（5）被称作总线的通信网络，它将系统的所有要素连接起来并将系统与外界连接起来。,A program is a sequence of instructions that tells the hardware of a computer what operations to perform on data. 一个程序就是一系列指令，告诉计算机硬件对数据执行什

23、么样的操作 According to many historians, the true pioneers of the modern digital computer are Analytical Engine and Difference Engine. The microprocessor is a central processing unit on a single chip. It was made possible in the mid-1970s with the introduction of the LSI circuit and the VLSI (Very Large

24、Integrated circuit),A program is a sequence of instructions that can be executed by the a computer. It can either be built into the hardware or exist independently in the form of software.,Unit 2 Section A: Computer Hardware,Voice recognition module语音识别模块 Touch-sensitive region触摸屏 Address bus地址总线 Do

25、t-matrix printer点阵打印机 Parallel connection并行连接 Cathode ray tube阴极射线管 Video game电子游戏 Audio signal音频信号,Unit 2 Section A: Computer Hardware,操作系统Operating system 液晶显示器Liquid Crystal display 喷墨打印机Inkjet printer 串行连接Serial Connection 易失性存储器Volatile memory 激光打印机Laser printer 基本输入输出系统Basic Input/Output Syste

26、m 视频显示器video display,Unit 2 Section A: Computer Hardware,Computer hardware is the equipment involved in the function of a computer and consist of the components that can be physically handled. 计算机硬件是计算机运行所需要的设备，由可被物理操纵的部件组成。 Software, on the other hand, is the set of instruction a computer uses to m

27、anipulate data, such as a word-processing program or a video game. 另一方面，软件是计算机用来处理数据的一套指令，如文字处理程序或电子游戏。,A mouse is a pointing device designed to be gripped by one hand. 鼠标是为一只手抓握而设计的指示设备. An optical scanner uses light-sensing equipment to convert images such as a picture or text into electronic sign

28、als that can be manipulated by a computer. 光扫描仪利用光感应设备将图片或文本等形式的图像转换成计算机能够处理的电子信号。 A modem, which stands for modulator-demodulator, is a device that connects a computer to a telephone line and allows information to be transmitted to or received from another computer. 调制解调器代表调制器解调器，是将计算机与电话线连接、允许信息传送

29、给或接收自另一台计算机的设备。,The software that controls the interaction between the input and output hardware is called BIOS, which stands for Basic Input/Output System. The two main types of storage devices are disk drives and memory. A serial connection transfers only one piece of data at a time while a parall

30、el connection transfer blocks of information at the same time.,Storage hardware provides permanent storage of information and programs for retrieval by the computer. The two main types of storage device are disk drives and memory. These are several types of disk drives: hard, floppy, magneto-optical

31、, and compact. Hard disk drives store information in magnetic particles embedded in a disk. Usually a permanent part of the computer, hard disk drives can store large amounts of information and retrieve that information very quickly. Floppy disk drives also store information in magnetic particles em

32、bedded in removable disks that may be floppy or rigid. Magneto-optical disc drives store information on removable discs that are sensitive to both laser light and magnetic fields. They can typically store as much information as hard disks but have slightly slower retrieval speeds. Compact disc drive

33、s (CD-ROM) store information on pits burned into the surface of a disc of reflective material.,Unit 3 Section A: Programming Language,Storage register存储寄存器 Function statement函数语句 Program statement程序语句 Object-oriented language面向对象语言 Assembly language汇编语言 Intermediate language中间语言 Relational language关

34、系语言 Data declaration数据声明,Unit 3 Section A: Programming Language,可执行程序Executable program 程序模块Program module 条件语句Conditional statement 赋值语句Assignment statement 逻辑语句Logic language 机器语言Machine language 函数式语言Functional language 程序设计语言Programming Language,Unit 4 Section A: Computer Program,Inference engin

35、e推理机 System call系统调用 Compiled language编译执行的语言 Interpreter program解释程序 Parallel computing并行计算 Library routine库程序（程序库例行程序） Intermediate program中间程序 Source file源文件,Programming languages, in computer science, are the artificial languages used to write a sequence of instructions ( a computer program ) th

36、at can be run by a computer. 在计算机科学中，编程语言是用于编写可由计算机运行的一系列指令（计算机程序）的人工语言。 Programming languages can be classified as either low-level languages or high-level languages. 编程语言可分为低级语言和高级语言。,High-level languages are relatively sophisticated sets of statements utilizing words and syntax from human languag

37、e. 高级语言是相对复杂的一系列语句，它们使用来自人类语言的词汇和句法。 High-level languages are commonly classified as procedure-oriented, functional, object-oriented, or logic languages. 高级语言通常分为面向过程语言、函数式语言、面向对象语言或逻辑语言。当今最常见的高级语言是面向过程语言。,A machine language is a low-level language in binary code that a computer can understand and e

38、xecute directly. High-level languages must first be translated into a machine language by another program called a compiler before they can be understood and processed by a computer.,Statements known as data declarations give names and properties to elements of a program called variables. Variables

39、can be assigned different values within the program. The properties variables can have are called types, and they include such things as what possible values might be saved in the variables, how much numerical accuracy is to be used in the values, and how one variable may represent a collection of s

40、impler values in an organized fashion, such as a table or array. In many programming languages, a key data type is a pointer. Variables that are pointers do not themselves have values; instead, they have information that the computer can use to locate some other variablethat is, they point to anothe

41、r variable.,Unit 4 Section A: Computer Program,解释执行的语言Interpreted language 设备驱动程序device drivers 源程序source program 调试程序debugger 目标代码object code 应用程序Application program 实用程序utility program 存储单元Memory Location,A computer program is a set of instructions that directs a computer to perform some processin

42、g function or combination of functions. 计算机程序是指挥计算机执行某种处理功能或功能组合的一套指令。 An operating system is a program that manages the computer and the various resources and devices, monitors, keyboards, printers, and modems, so that they may be used by other programs. 操作系统管理计算机以及与之相连的各种资源和设备，如随机存储器、硬盘驱动器、监视器、键盘、

43、打印机和调制解调器，以便其他程序可以使用它们。,The individual instructions that make up the program source file are called source code. A special applications program translates the source code into machine language, or object codea format that the operating system will recognize as a proper program and be able to execute

44、. Three types of applications programs translate from source code to object code: compilers, interpreters, and assemblers. Device drivers are system routines that are added to an operating system to allow the computer to communicate with a new device, such as scanner, modem, or printer.,A compiler t

45、ranslates all the source code of a program written in a high-level language into object code prior to the execution of the program. A debugger is a program that is often used to help find problems in other programs.,Modern computers usually store programs on some form of magnetic storage media that

46、can be accessed randomly by the computer, such as the hard driver disk permanently located in the computer, or a portable floppy disk. Additional information on such disks, called directories, indicates the names of the various programs on the disk, when they were written to the disk, and where the

47、program begins on the disk media.,Unit 5 Section A: Software Process Models,System specification系统规范 Unit testing单元测试 Software life cycle软件生命周期 System validation系统验证 Evolutionary development process进化发展过程 Program unit程序单元 Throwaway prototype抛弃式原型开发,Unit 5 Section A: Software Process Models,系统设计范例sys

48、tem design paradigm 需求分析与定义Requirements analysis and definition 瀑布模型Waterfall model 系统集成system integration 商用现成软件commercial off-the-shelf software 基于组件的软件工程component-based software engineering 软件维护工具software maintenance tool 软件复用software reuse,A software process is a set of activities that leads to

49、the production of a software product. 一个软件过程是生产出软件产品的一系列活动. A software process model is an abstract representation of a software process. 一个软件过程模型是对一个软件过程的一种抽象表示。,Unit 6 Section A: Database overview,End user终端用户 Database administrator数据库管理员 Relational database model关系数据库模型 Object-oriented database面向

50、对象数据库 Database management system数据库管理系统 Entity-relationship model实体关系模型 Distributed database分布式数据库 Flat file平面文件,Unit 6 Section A: Database overview,二维表two-dimensional table 数据属性data attribute 层次数据库模型Hierarchical database mode 数据库体系结构Database Architecture 关系数据库管理系统relational database management syst

51、em 原子操作 atomic operations,A database management system (DBMS) defines, creates, and maintains a database. The DBMS also allows controlled access to data in the database. A DBMS is a combination of five components: hardware, software, data, users, and procedures. 数据库管理系统定义、创建和维护数据库。数据库管理系统也允许对数据库中的数据

52、进行受控的访问。一个数据库管理系统由5个组成部分构成：硬件、软件、数据、用户和规程。,A database model defines the logical design of data. The model also describes the relationships between different parts of the data. In the history of database design, three models have been in use: the hierarchical model, the network model, and the relatio

53、nal model. 数据库模型定义数据的逻辑设计。它也描述数据的不同部分之间的关系。在数据库设计史上，使用过3种数据库模型：层次模型、网络模型和关系模型。,The three-level architecture for a DBMS consists of the internal, conceptual, and external level. In the relational database model, data is organized in two-dimensional tables called relations.,Unit 7 Section A: Telecommu

54、nications and Computer,Analog transmission模拟传输 Computer terminal计算机终端 Radio telephone无线电话,Unit 7 Section A: Telecommunications and Computer,光缆fiber-optic cable 无线通信wireless communication 点对点通信point-to-point communication 传输媒体transmission media 无绳电话cordless telephone 数字用户线路Digital subscriber line 综合业

55、务数字网integrated services digital network 移动电话cellular telephone,Telecommunications messages can be sent in a variety of ways and by a wide range of devices. The messages can be sent from one sender to a single receiver (point-to-point) or from one sender to many receivers (point-to-multipoint). Perso

56、nal communications, such as a telephone conversation between two people or a facsimile (fax) message, usually involve point-to-point transmission. Point-to-multipoint telecommunications often called broadcasts, provide the basis for commercial radio and television programming.,Unit 8 Section A Netwo

57、rk Fundamentals,Carrier sense载波监听 Protocol suit协议集 Peer-to-peer model对等模型 Bus topology network总线拓扑结构网络 Proprietary network专用网络 Utility package实用软件包 Star network星型网络,Unit 8 Section A Network Fundamentals,令牌环token ring 环形拓扑结构ring topology 客户机/服务器模型client/server model 网络应用进程network application process

58、打印服务器print server 进程间通信interprocess communication,A computer network is often classified as being either a local area network, a metropolitan area network , or a wide area network. A network can also be classified as a open network or a closed network according to whether its internal operation is b

59、ased on designs in the public domain or on innovations owned and controlled by a particular entity. A network can also be classified according to its topology. Among the most popular topologies are the bus topology, ring topology and star topology.,In a(n) Ethernet system, the right to transmit messages is controlled by the protocol known as CSMA/CD. The client/server model for interprocess communication defines the basic roles played by the processes as either a client or