现在完成时.ppt

1、现在完成时的用法,Have (has)+过去分词(done),By Mr.Liu,现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.,I have lost my wallet.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.) Jane has laid the table.(含义是:已可以吃饭了.) Michael has been ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱) He has returned from abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地),现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的情况,常与for, si

2、nce连用. Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998.,现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如already, yet, just, before, recently, lately等: He has already obtained a scholarship. I havent seen much of him recently (lately). We have seen that film before. Have they found the missing child yet .,现在完

3、成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等: Have you ever been to Beijing. I have never heard Bunny say anything against her. I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.,现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morn

4、ing/week/month/year, now, just, today, up to present, so far等: Peter has written six papers so far. There has been too much rain in San Francisco this year. The friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries have been enhanced in the past few years. Up to the present everything has bee

5、n successful.,现在完成时的“完成用法”指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。 例如： He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。(动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况-灯现在不亮了。) 现在完成时“完成用法”的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如：already，yet，before，recently等)、频度时间状语(如：never，ever，once等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如：this morning month year.，today等)连用。 Have you

6、 found your pen yet？你已找到你的钢笔了吗？,现在完成时的完成用法,现在完成时的“未完成用法”指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。 He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。) I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了。(动作开始于5年前，一直延续至今，有可能还要继续下去。) 此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由since或for引导)，或表示与现在时刻相

7、连的时间状语(如：up to now，so far)等。 I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。,现在完成时的“未完成用法”,注意：(1)现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词，不可用于终止性动词，即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。如：come，go，arrive，leave，join，become，die等。 (2)现在完成时常见两种句型： 主语have / has beenfor短语 （相当于It is一段时间 since从句 ） He has been in the League for three years.=

8、It is three years since he joined the League. 他入团已三年了。 It is /This is the first (second)time+从句（现在完成时）,现在完成时和一般过去时,一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式，而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是“助动词 have/ has + 过去分词”。,过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。,一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如： yesterday, last week , two years ago ,just now ,in 2002 等；,现在完成时则常与 just ,already ,ever ,never 等副词和 these days ,this week ,since ., for . 等表示一段时间的状语连用。,句子中谓语动词是用一般过去时还是用现在完成时，取决于动作是否对现在有影响。 Have you had your lunch? 你吃过午饭了吗？（意思是说你现在不饿吗？） Yes, I have. 是的，我已经吃过了。（意思是说已经吃饱了，不想再吃了。） When did you have it? 你是什么时候吃的？（关心的是吃的动作发生在何时