七年级英语下语法

1、 初一英语专题学案：反身代词&方位介词七年级下册U3同步语法Warm-up: ReadingJohn was very tired. He soon fell asleep. Some time later, Charlie started barking. John woke up and smelt smoke. A fire! Smoke started to come in from under the door. With Charlies help, John put some wet towels along the bottom of the door. Then he got

2、 down on the floor next to Charlie and waited.一、重难点1）反身代词的形式及基本用法2）使用反身代词时要注意的几点3）方位介词的用法二、精讲点拨反身代词（一）反身代词的形式反身代词是人称代词的强调形式，不定代词one也有反身代词的形式，如下图示：人称单数复数第一人称myselfourselves第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称himself; herself; itselfthemselves统称oneself（二）反身代词的基本用法（1）用作主语的同位语，起强调作用。此种用法的反身代词需要重读，在句子中的位置也比较灵活。例如：

3、I myself did that. / I did that myself. 那件事是我自己做的。The thing itself is not important. 事情本身是不重要的。（2）用作宾语。此种用法的反身代词一般不用重读，因而不起强调作用。可以用反身代词作主语的动词有make; buy; enjoy; cut; dress; hurt; teach; wash等。例如：The family enjoyed themselves very much yesterday evening. 这一家人昨晚玩得很开心。Please help yourself to some fruit.

4、 请随便吃点水果。My sister lost herself in her reading. 我妹妹看书看得入迷了。（3）反身代词也可以作介词宾语。常见于一些固定短语中。例如：He was too young to look after himself. 他太小了不能照顾自己。The old woman often talks to herself. 这个老妇人经常自言自语。She cooked the whole meal by herself. 她独立做了全部饭菜。He lived all by himself in that big house. 他一个人住在那间大房子里。（4）固定短

5、语lookafteroneself/takecareofoneself照顾自己teachoneselfsth./learnsth.byoneself自学enjoyoneself玩得高兴，过得愉快 helponeselftosth.请自用（随便吃/喝些.）hurtoneself弄伤自己saytooneself自言自语loseoneselfin沉浸于，陶醉于之中leavesb.byoneself把某人单独留下buyoneselfsth. 给自己买东西introduceoneself介绍自己（三）在使用反身代词时要注意的几点：（1）反身代词本身不能单独做主语。例如：（误）Myself drove t

6、he car.（正）I myself drove the car. 我自己开车。（2）在不强调或指代明确的情况下，介词宾语用反身代词或人称代词宾格均可。例如：No one but myself/ me is hurt. 没有人除了我受伤。在第二人称既作主语又作宾语时，须用反身代词。例如：You should be proud of yourself. 你应该为自己感到自豪。You must look after yourself and keep healthy. 你必须保重自己，保持健康。（3）反身代词没有所有格形式，可以用“物主代词+own”来表示其所有格的含义。例如：Id like to

7、 have my own car. 我想有一部自己的车。Please retell the story, using your own words. 请用你自己的话来复述这个故事。方位介词方位介词，顾名思义就是表示方位的介词，用来表达一个物体和另一个物体的空间关系。 above, over, onabove (反) below表示位置高于某物在其上方，并不表示正上方。over (反) under表示正方，指垂直上方。on(反) under指两个事物表面接触，一个在另一个上面。e.g.There is a book on the table. (在上方，两个事物表面接触)The plane fl

8、ew above the clouds. (在上方，不接触表面)There is a light over the table. (在正上方，不接触表面) between, among between一般指两者之间，among指三个或三个以上之间。 e.g. The teacher is sitting between the twins.（在两者之间） Lucy is dancing among her classmates.（在三者或三者以上之间） in front of, in the front of in front of (反) behind 表示“在外部的前面”in the fr

9、ont of (反) at the back of 表示“在内部的前面”， e.g.The bus is coming. The driver is at the front of the bus.（在内部的前面）The old man is in front of the bus. （在外部的前面） beside = next to(在旁边；紧挨)e.g. David sits beside me.= David sits _ _ me.(5) at和in区别1. at 用于小地方（如车站、学校等。）如： at the station. 也可用于门牌号码前。如： at 115 Zhongsh

10、an Road. 2. in用于大地方（如国家，城市等。）如： in Shanghai. (6) in, on, to在方位名词前的区别：I. “in the+方位名词”指的是小范围在一个大范围的里面,表示“在某范围之内”,强调两者的包含关系。如: Beijing is in the north of China. 北京在中国的北部。 II. “on the+方位名词”指的是一个范围紧挨着另一个范围,表示“两地接壤”,强调两者为相邻关系。如: Korea is on the northeast of China. 朝鲜在中国的东北面。 III. “to the+方位名词”指的是一个范围和另一个

11、范围之间隔段距离,表示“在某范围之外”,强调两者是远离关系。如: Japan is to the east of China. 日本位于中国的东边。三、小试牛刀 我们刚刚学习了反身代词的用法，现在来这里练练身手吧！一）单项选择。1. -I cant find my pen. Can you lend _ yours?-Sorry. I am using it _.A. I; myselfB. me; meC. me; myselfD. I; mine2. -Oh, hi, Ann. -Hi, Mary. Come in. Make _ at home.A. youB. yourC. yours

12、elfD. yourselves3. -She is too busy to help _ with the work. -Lets do it _.A. her; herselfB. us; ourselvesC. it; itselfD. you; yourself4. Tom, your father asked you to do it _.A. itselfB. himselfC. yourselfD. yourselves5. My father learnt English by _ when he was young.A. itselfB. himselfC. yourself

13、D. yourselves6. Sally cant help _. And no one else can help _, either.A. him; himselfB. himself; himC. her; herselfD. herself; her7. Yesterday I saw_ enjoying _ in the park.A. she; herselfB. him; myself C. you; yourselfD. them; themselves8. You should learn how to take care of _.A. youB. yourC. your

14、selfD. yourselves9. Kids, help _ to some food.A. youB. yourC. yourselfD. yourselves10. Mr. Wang _ told me about the football match yesterday.A. itselfB. himselfC. yourselfD. yourselves二）填入适当的反身代词。1.Myclassmate,LiMing,madeacardfor_ justnow.2.Badluck!Icut_withaknifeyesterday.3.Theytellustheycanlookaft

15、er _verywell.4.Mycatcanfindfoodby _.5.Help_ tosomebeef,boys. 6.Jennyenjoyed_intheparkyesterdayafternoon.7.Wecanfinishourhomeworkby _. 8.Theblindgirllost_inthebeautifulmusic.9.XiaoHui,canyouintroduce_tous?10.Billwantstoteach_Frenchfromnowon.三）根据中文补充相应的介词。1. Theres a bridge _（在上面）the river.2. The plan

16、e flew _（在上面）us.3. Theres a book _（在上面）the teachers desk.4. There is a garden _（在的前面）the house.5. The desk for the teacher is _（在的前面）the classroom.6. I am sitting _（在之间）my parents.7. I saw him_（在之间）the students.四）单项选择。1. There are some birds singing_ the trees. A. inB. onC. atD. from2. There are so

17、many apples_ that tree.A. inB. onC. atD. from3. The United States is _ the south of Canada and _ the east of Japan. A. to; inB. on; toC. in; besideD. at; on4. Jiangsu is_ the east of China, but Japan is _ the east of China. A. to; inB. in; toC. on; toD. to; on5. Hong Kong is _ the south of China, an

18、d Macao is _ the west of Hong Kong.A. in; toB. to; toC. to; inD. in; in6. Japan lies _ the east of China.A. toB. aboutC. atD. in五）翻译以下句子。1. She is now living in a flat _ the post office.她现在住在邮局上面的一间公寓里。2. He saw a cat _ his door.他看见他的门后有一只猫。3. The teacher is standing _ _ _ _ the classroom.老师正站在教室的前部

19、。（在教室之内）4. The teacher is standing _ _ _ the classroom.老师正站在教室的前部。（在教室之外）5. The boy _ _ her comes from America. 她旁边的男孩来自美国。6. She came over and sat _ me.她过来坐在了我的旁边。7. The girl in the photo is sitting _ her father and mother.照片上的姑娘坐在她的父亲与母亲之间。四、巩固提升一）完成下面的表格。人称代词单数主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词ImemyMine_1_y

20、ouyouyouryours_2_3_himhishishimselfsheHerherhers_4_itit_5_itsitself复数we_6_ourours_7_youyouyouryours_8_they_9_theirtheirs_10_二）用合适的介词填空。1. You cant see the cat. Its _ the door.2. Shall we meet _ the gate of the library?3. Is he playing _ the street or _ the road?4. The teacher is writing on the black

21、board _ the classroom.5. -Where is the light?-Its just _ the table.6. I sit _ the twins. The elder sister is _ my left and the younger one is _ my right.7. I saw my fathers name _ todays newspaper.8. Dont read _ the sun. Its bad _ your eyes.三）单项选择。1. This is a map _ Canada.A. onB. fromC. ofD. in2. T

22、hey work _ a small farm _ a river.A. on; byB. at; onC. by; onD. in; in3. Can you see the hole _ the wall?A. onB. inC. amongD. between4. _ a book _ his hand, Mr. Zhao walked into the classroom.A. By; inB. With; onC. By; onD. With; in5. Jack is five years old now. He can dress _ every day.A. herselfB. himselfC. itself D. yourself四）根据图片提示填入恰当的介词。Hi, I am Daniel .This is my classroom. I sit _1_ Millie and _2_ the second row. I sit _3_ _ Sandy and she sits _4_ Kitty and me . Amy sits _5_ _ _ _ Sandy and _6_ Mil