新概念英语-第2册-第4课-Lesson-4--

1、.,NCE-2,New Concept English,Lesson 4,An exciting trip,.,I.Key words exciting, receive, firm, different II.Key structures The present perfect simple现在完成时,key points,.,Revision,寄，送 明信片 损坏 博物馆 公共的,友好的 服务员 借给 决定 整个的 唯一的,send,postcard,spoil,spoilt/spoiled,museum,public,friendly,waiter,lend,decision,whole

2、,single,.,Postcards always _ my holidays. Last summer, I went to _. I _ museums and sat in _ gardens. A _ waiter taught me a few words of _. Then he _ me a book. I read a _ lines, but I did not _ a word. Every day I _ _ my postcards. My holidays passed _, but I did not _ cards to my friends. _ the l

3、ast day I _ a big _. I got up _ and _ thirty-seven cards. I _ the _ day in my room, _ I did not write a _ card!,spoil,Italy,visited,public,friendly,Italian,lent,few,understand,thought,about,quickly,send,On,made,decision,early,bought,spent,whole,but,single,Revision,.,New words,exciting,adj. 令人兴奋的（修饰事

4、物）,excited 感到兴奋的（修饰人）,-ed自己感到 interested, bored, relaxed -ing令人感到interesting,boring,relaxing,e.g. I am interested in this book. This is an interesting book.,.,v.接受，收到（客观的收到）,e.g. receive a letter (from sb.) This morning I receive a bunch of flowers.,同义 accept同意，接受（主观）,e.g. This morning I received a

5、bunch of flowers but I didnt accept it.,receive,take接受，收到,e.g. take the exam, take advice,New words,.,New words,firm,n.商行，公司 law firm法律公司,company公司,different,adj.不同的 same相同的,adv.differently, n. difference,e.g. be different from differences between A 现在完成时通常与模糊时间状语连用或无时间状语。,一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, las

6、t week，ago, in1990, in October, just now, - 具体的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语: for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past few years, recently, -模糊的时间状语,句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时 错Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. 对Tom wrote

7、 a letter to his parents last night.,Grammar,.,3现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live,teach,learn,work,study, know. 一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。,She joined the League three years ago. (加入的动作不是延续的) She has been in the League for three years (since three year

8、s ago).(在团内的状态可延续) She has been a League member for three years (since three years ago).(是团员的状态可持续),Grammar,.,延续动词表示经验、经历； 瞬间动词表示行为的结果,不能与表示一段 时间的状语连用。,比较延续动词与瞬间动词,He has finished the work.他已完成了那项工作。 (表结果)Ive known him since then.我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历),Grammar,.,since 用来说明动作起始时间 “自从” for用来说明动作延续时间长度 “长达”

9、I have lived here for more than twenty years.I have lived here since I was born.My aunt has worked in a company since 1949. I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.,比较since和for,并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时 I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这里工作。) I have worked here for many years. (

10、现在我仍在这里工作。),Grammar,.,He has gone to Shanghai. 他(已经)去上海了。,He has been to Shanghai. 他(曾经) 去过上海。,比较 have/has been to , have/has gone to,Grammar,.,He died 10 years ago. - He _ _ _ for 10 years / since 10 years ago. 2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. - He _ _ the book for 2 weeks. 3. He bought the mot

11、orbike a month ago. -He _ _ the motorbike for a month. 4. He arrived here three days ago. - He _ _ here since three days ago. 5. They turned off the light 2 hours ago. - The light _ _ _ for 2 hours. 6. He left here 2 years ago. - He _ _ _ from here for 2 years. 7. The film began 30 minutes ago. - Th

12、e film _ _ _ for 30 minutes. 8. They opened the door an hour ago. - The door _ _ _ for an hour. 9. They closed the door an hour ago. - The door _ _ _ for an hour. 10. He joined the army last year. - He _ _ a _ for a year. - He _ _ _ the army for a year. - It _ a year _ he joined the army.,延续性动词和瞬间性动

13、词之间的转化,Exercise,.,sum up,一、现在完成时,1)构成,肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其它,否定句：主语+have/has not+过去分词+其它,疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其它,He has been to Australia.,He has not been to Australia.,Has he been to Australia?,.,sum up,2)用法,1.过去发生的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果。常与表示时间的副词连用，如yet, just, before, recently, ever, never等。,e.g. We have

14、 just won the match. I have never been to Australia before.,一、现在完成时,.,sum up,2)用法,1.表示从过去开始延续到现在的动作或状态，常与表示一段时间的时间状态连用，如so far, up till now, since, for a long time, in the past few years, those days等。,e.g. So far, he has broken two world records. I have worked here for four years.,一、现在完成时,.,sum up,2)用法,3.短暂性动词在现在完成时中不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，常见的动词有die, arrive, leave,