2020版导与练一轮译林英语课件第二部分语法专题二、代词 .ppt

1、二、代词,语法专项,跟踪训练,语法专项精讲 细筛选巧拓展,考点一人称代词 人称代词有主格和宾格之分,在句中作主语时用主格,作宾语或表语时用宾格。,Tom is a student.He works very hard. 汤姆是一名学生。他学习非常努力。 Please send her the parcel. 请把包裹寄给她。 He has a dog to keep him company. 他有一条狗陪伴他。,特别提示 作主语的人称代词如果孤立地使用于无谓语动词的句子中,或在这种句子中 与动词不定式连用,常用宾格。 Tom,go and clean the yard. 汤姆,去打扫院子。 W

2、hy me? 为什么是我? 在比较状语从句中,than,as后用主格或宾格都可以。 He is taller than I/me.他比我高。,考点二物主代词,The students are doing their homework.学生们正在做作业。 Your room is big while mine is small. 你的房间大,而我的房间小。,考点三指示代词,The quality of education in this small school is better than that in some larger schools. 这所小学校的教育质量比一些更大的学校的(教育质

3、量)好。 Such are my friends who will never fail to help me when needed. 我的朋友们就是这样:永远会在我需要他们时伸出援手。,考点四相互代词 相互代词包括each other和one another。相互代词无人称、数和格的区别,在句中作宾语。所有格是在其后加s,在句中作定语。 We have to help one another. 我们得互相帮助。 They looked into each others eyes for a silent moment. 他们默默地对视了一会儿。,考点五反身代词 反身代词包括oneself,

4、himself,herself,itself,themselves,yourself, yourselves,myself,ourselves,可以在句中作宾语、表语及主语或宾语的同 位语。 1.与动词构成词组:be oneself 处于正常状态,显得自然;enjoy oneself 玩得 开心;come to oneself 恢复知觉,苏醒过来;help oneself to sth.随便用某 物;devote oneself to sth.致力于某事 2.与介词构成词组:by oneself 独自地;for oneself 亲自;by itself 自动 地;to oneself 独占,独

5、用,考点六不定代词 1.both,all,either,any,neither,none,Ive lived in New York and Chicago,but dont like either of them very much.我在纽约和芝加哥住过,但我不喜欢它们中的任何一个。 Would you like to go shopping with me on Saturday or Sunday? Im sorry.Neither will suit me.Ill be away on business during that period. 星期六或星期天陪我去购物好吗? 对不起。那

6、两天都不行。我那段时间将正在出差。 I dont like any of the flowers. 这些花我都不喜欢。,My brother would like to buy a good watch but none was available from that shop. 我哥哥想买一块好表,但是在那家店里没有一块合适的。 How many of you have been to the Great Wall? None. 你们当中有多少人到过长城? 没有一个。,2.another,the other,other,others,the others,His parents both w

7、ork in a hospital.One is a doctor and the other is a nurse. 他父母都在一家医院工作。一个是医生,一个是护士。 When Americans moved from one place to another,they took their dialects with them. 当美国人从一个地方迁移到另一个地方时,他们带着自己的方言。 You are a team star!Working with others is really your cup of tea. 你是队里的明星!与别人一起工作的确是你的所爱。 I have thre

8、e daughters.One is a nurse,another is a teacher and still another is a worker.我有三个女儿。一个是护士,另一个是教师,还有一个是工人。 We need another few chairs. 我们还需要几把椅子。,3.it,that,one,those,Did you get a ticket? 你搞到票了吗? Yes,I managed to get one. 是的,我设法搞到了一张。 The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Guangzhou.北京的天气比广州的

9、冷。 Studying Wendys menu,I found that many of the items are similar to those of McDonalds.研究了温迪的菜单,我发现其中很多东西和麦当劳的相似。,考点七it的用法 1.it指时间、距离、天气等 Its 112 miles from London to Birmingham. 从伦敦到伯明翰有112英里。 2.指代前面提到过的同一事物 Your story is interesting,but I dont like it. 你的故事很有趣,但是我不喜欢。 Have you found your pen? 你找

10、到你的钢笔了吗? No,I havent found it. 还没有。,3.it作形式主语的句型 (1)It+be+adj.+(for sb.) to do sth.常用于此句型的形容词有:easy, difficult,hard,necessary,unnecessary,possible等。 It is necessary for you to change your job. 你换一下工作是有必要的。 (2)It+be+adj.+of sb.to do sth.此句型中的形容词描述的是人的品德、 特征。能用于该句型的形容词有:kind,nice,wise,silly,polite, im

11、polite,friendly,foolish,clever等。 How silly it was of you to give up such a good chance!你放弃这 样一个好机会是多么傻啊!,(3)It+be+n.(+for sb./sth.)+to do sth.用于此句型的名词(短语)有:pity,shame, pleasure,fun,joy,good manners,bad manners等。 It is bad manners for the young to take up the seats for the old. 年轻人占据老人的座位是不礼貌的。 (4)It

12、+be+adj./n.+doing sth.用于此句型的形容词和名词(短语)常见的有:no/ little use,no/much good,useless,no fun等。 Its no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。 (5)It+be+adj.+主语从句。在“It is natural/necessary/important/strange+ that从句”中,从句的谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”,且should可以省略。 Its necessary and important that one should master the skills o

13、f operating computers. 掌握电脑操作技术是有必要的也是很重要的。,4.it作形式宾语的情况 (1)主语+believe/find/feel/think/guess/suppose/make+it+adj.+不定式/ 动词-ing形式/从句。 I feel it hard to climb the hill. 我感觉爬山很困难。 (2)某些及物动词或短语后不能直接跟宾语从句。此时须先用it作形式宾语, 然后接宾语从句,有此用法的动词(短语):like,dislike,hate,appreciate, depend on,rely on,count on等。 I hate i

14、t when people talk with their mouths full. 我讨厌人说话时嘴里含着食物。,真题链接,1.If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give a try.(2018全国) 2.When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find (they) alive.(201

15、8全国),答案及剖析: 1.it/runninggive it/sth. a try是固定短语,意为 “尝试某事物”,原文中的it指的是running。 2.them人称代词作宾语时,要用其宾格。them在此作find的宾语。,3.Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap can be to eat out. (2018浙江) 4.(改错)Its been three Saturdays now and it really co

16、sts me many. (2015四川,短文改错),答案及剖析: 3.it考查it用法。句子为感叹句,正常语序应该是it can be cheap to eat out,其中不定式to eat out是真正主语,用it作形式主语。 4.manymuch句意:那已经是三个周六了并且那的确花费了我很多。cost的宾语只能用much不能用many。,跟踪训练运用 重实效冲高考,.单句语法填空 1.However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 peop

17、le were using . every day.(2017全国),答案及剖析: 1.it考查代词,这里用it指代前句的railway,故填it。,2.The old lady is said to have three children, and two of . are studying abroad. 3.Shopping on the Internet enables people not to search for goods from one store to . 4.The cost of renting a house in central Xian is higher th

18、an in any other area of the city.,答案及剖析: 2.them and连接两个句子,所填词指代的是three children,故填them。 3.another 表示“从一个商店到另一个商店”用from one store to another。 4.that句意:在西安市中心租房子花费要比在市其他地区高。that代指上文中出现的不可数名词cost。,5.This is 18-year-old Musa Bockaries story of how first aid saved (he) life. 6.I dislike when I am left al

19、one to start a conversation with a stranger. 7.“Speed up.70 km/h isnt fast enough.You are holding up the traffic,”another voice ordered from the seat next to (I).,答案及剖析: 5.his空处需用形容词性物主代词修饰后面的名词。 6.it句意:我不喜欢那种时刻,我被单独留下来同一个陌生人交谈。此处it作形式宾语,后面接when引导的宾语从句。 7.mine/me句意:“加速,时速70千米不够快,你正在影响交通。”来自我邻座的一个声音。

20、此处可以理解为“我的邻座”用mine,或者“紧挨着我”用me。,8.A few hours earlier,Id been at home in Hong Kong,with (it) choking smog.,答案及剖析: 8.its考查代词的用法。此处修饰名词smog,在句中作定语,应用形容词性物主代词。,.单句语法改错(含非本专项及一句二错试题) 1.The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals.(2018全国) 2.They wo

21、uld say to us that playing card games would help my brain. (2018全国),答案及剖析: 1.anotherother此处表示“有狗、鸭子,还有其他的动物”,所以应该用other。 2.usme由上下文可知,谈话的宾语是“我”,故改为人称代词的宾格me。,3.This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.(2017全国) 4.Mr.and Mrs.Zhang all work in our school. (2017全

22、国) 5.I asked John and Mike, but none of them could offer reasonable answer.,答案及剖析: 3.yourmy考查人称指代一致。前文都是在讲“我”的故事,所以这里应该是“我的”高中时期的记忆。 4.allboth考查代词。both指两者都,all表示三者或三者以上,因主语是两个人,故用both。 5.noneneitheroffer后加a表示“两个人都不”时用neither。answer为可数名词,前面需要加限定词a。,6.No doubt money plays an important role in our daily life,but it does not mean nothing. 7.They end up go to many different places and time period