定语从句小结终极.ppt

1、定语从句the Attributive Clause,The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.,先行词,放置于名词之_，修饰 名词的从句,关系代词,连接作用,1.,2.,在从句中充当成分,后,关系代词的指代关系,主语宾语,宾语,主语宾语,主语宾语,定语,关系副词的指代关系,指地点 指时间 指原因,Where = in/at which When = at/in/on which Why = for which,定语从句,The Restrictive Attributive Clause 限制性定语从句,The Non-Restrictive

2、 Attributive Clause 非限制性定语从句,1限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分隔开。限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。,a) What is the name of the tall woman who is standing there?,b) Toronto is a city (that) Ive always wanted to visit.,2非限制性定语从句和主句关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加的说明, 如果去掉, 主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用

3、逗号分开，一般不用that引导。非限制性定语从句中，关系词不可省略。,a) Rome, which is the capital of Italy, has a very long history. b) Yesterday I met Professor King, who came from the University of London. c) He lent me a dictionary, which was just what I needed.,3.大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语，而特殊场合非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句，此时非限制性定语从句

4、常由which/as引导。,A middle-aged woman killed her husband, which frightened me very much. They won the game, as we all expected.,1. 指物时只用that 或which 的情况 2. 修饰人时that , whom, who的区别 3. whose 用法及转换形式 4. as 与which在非限制性定从中的区别 5.介词+关系代词 6. 如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词 7. 定语从句中的主谓一致问题,常见考点,考点一 修饰物体时关系代词that和which的区分,使用that的

5、情况： 1、当先行词是nothing, something, anything, all, each，both，few，little等不定代词时。 Do you have anything that is important to tell me? We had little that we could find to eat.,2、当先行词被all,any,some, no,not,every,each等修饰时。,I have some books that are very good.,3、当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时。,This is the first book that I

6、 bought myself. The biggest bird that I caught is this bird.,4、主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时,Which is the bike that you lost? Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting？,5、当先行词在从句和主句中都作表语时,无论先行词是人还是物.,China is no longer the country that she was.,6、如有两个定语从句,其中一个已用which引导,另一个宜用that .,Edison built up a

7、factory which produced things that had never been seen before.,7、在there be句型中,只用that.,There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.,8、当先行词被the very,the last, the next,the only 等词修饰时。,This is the very book that I lost yesterday.,9、当先行词又有人又有物时。 I wont forget the things and the persons that I saw.,1

8、、非限制性定语从句中。,Mary has a book, which is very precious.,2、在介词之后。,This is a house in which lives an old man.,3、当主句中的主语被that修饰时。,That dog which I found in the street belongs to Mary.,只能使用which的情况,考点二 修饰人时关系代词that 和who, whom的区分。,1. 当主句中的主语是who时，只能用that。 Who is the girl that is standing over there?,I have

9、a son, who is really lovely and interesting. There are 40 students in the class, most of whom are boys.,2. 在非限制性定语从句中以及介词后面时不能用that。,Anyone _breaks the law is punished. Those _ break the law are punished. He _ breaks the law is punished.,3. 在anyone, those, he/she/I / they作先行词时, 用”who” 代替 “that”.,who

10、,who,who,考点三 Whose 用法及转换形式,1. whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词， 构成名词短语。 Thats the child whose father is a teacher.,Do you know the woman whose husband is a doctor? This is a book whose cover is green.,2.whose引导定语从句，其先行词不仅可 以指人，还可以指物。,3. whose的先行词指物时, 可用of which代替, 但词序不同， 即whose+名词= the +n + of which = of which +

11、 the + n.,He lives in the room whose window faces south.,= He lives in the room, faces south.,= He lives in the room, faces south.,the window of which,of which the window,They live in a house, whose door opens to the south.,They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south. They lived in a

12、 house, the door of which open to the south.,考点四as与which引导的定语从句,两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用as。 1. 关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。 As we all know, the earth is round. 2.当与 such 或 the same 连用时，一般用as。 Such books as you tell me are interesting. I have the same plan as you.,3. as 引导的从句可以放在句首, as 本身有“正如.正象”之意，与之连用的词有

13、know, see, expect, announce, point out 等。 e.g. As we all know, the earth is round.,4.当从句和主句语义一致时用as,反之则用which。 e.g.She has married again, as was expected. e.g.She has married again, which was unexpected.,考点五 介词+关系代词,1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系 e.g. Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles? 2.

14、 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配 e.g. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which Im sure.,Write articles for the newspaper,Be sure about the idioms,3. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯,Be founded in the year,e.g. 1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was founded.,The man is from Beijing University . I talked about him

15、at the meeting. The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.,Join them into one sentence.,=The man about I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.,关系代词紧跟在介词后面时，不能用that，也不能省略，常用which或whom。该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。,whom,但遇固定词组时，介词一般紧跟词组主体，不作前置,Is this the

16、 book (which/that) you are looking for ?,Filling blanks:,1.The man _ you shook hands just now is our headmaster. 2.The room _ my family live used to be a garage.,with whom,in which,考点六: 如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词?,选用定语从句的关系词时，需注意两点： 1.先行词 2.关系词在从句中充当的成分,做主语，宾语，定语用,做状语用,关系代词,关系副词,I will never forget the day _ I

17、 first went to school. I will never forget the day _ we spent in Beijing. The house _ we visited is being repaired now. The house _ Luxun once lived is being repaired now.,when,(which/that),(which/that),where,This is the factory. We worked in the factory last year.,This is the factory in which we wo

18、rked last year.,=This is the factory where we worked last year.,Ill never forget the day. We met each other on the day.,Ill never forget the day on which we met each other.,=Ill never forget the day when we met each other.,This is the reason. He didnt come for the reason.,This is the reason for whic

19、h he didnt come,=This is the reason why he didnt come,考点七:定语从句中主谓一致问题 定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。1.I am not one who _afraid of difficulty 2.Don t choose me, who _not fit for this job,is,am,MrSmith is one of those foreigners who_ working in China. MrSmith is the only one of those foreigners who _wor

20、king in China. a. is b. has c. have d. are,d,a,1.定语从句的位置: 先行词+关系词+定语从句,小结:,2.关系词的选择,a.确定先行词 b.看先行词表示什么。表示 人、物、时间、地点、原因 c.看先行词先行词在从句中 充当什么句子成分,A.The news_ he told us was very exciting. what b. as c. that d. where,c,Pisa is a city, _ has a leaning tower. B. Pisa is a city,_ there is a leaning tower. a

21、. which b. that c. where d. there,a,c,(1) Is this school _ your father worked in ten years ago? A. where B. what C. that D. the one,D,（2）Is this the school _ your father worked in ten years ago? A. where B. what C. that D. the one,C,1. This is all _ I know about the matter. A. that B. what C. who D.

22、 whether 2. Is there anything else _ you require? A. which B. that C. who D. what 3. The last place _ we visited was the Great Wall. A. which B. that C. where D. it,练习: that 与which 的区别,4. He talked happily about the men and books _ interested him greatly in the school. A. which B. that C. it D. whom

23、 5. There is no dictionary _ you can find everything in. A. that B. which C. where D. in that,6. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. it,7. Which was the hotel _ was recommended to you? A. that B. which C. where D. it,8. Jim passed the driving test, _ surprised everybod

24、y in the office. A.which B that C this D.it,只用which的情况:,9. The day _ he was born was Aug .20 ,1952. A.on which B.that C.which D.this,1. _ was natural, he married Jenny. A. Which B. That C. This D. As 2. Such signs _ we use in the experiment _ Greek letters. A. as, are B. as, is C. that, are D. that,

25、 is,as 与which 的区别,3. She is very good at dance, _ everybody knows. A. that B. which C. who D. as 4. _ has been said above, grammar is a set of dead rules. A. Which B. What C. That D. As 5. We do the same work _ they do. A. which B. as C. than D. like,1. Is this factory _ we visited last week?,D,Is t

26、his the factory _ we visited last Week?,A、where B、that C、to which D、the one,B,Exercises,2. Let me think of a proper situation _ this sentence can be used.,A、where B、that C、of whom D、which,A,先行词是situation, case, point时，一般用where,最佳选择则是in which,3. She will never forget the day_ she spent in Beijing.,A、

27、when B、what C、which D、why,C,She will never forget the day_ she stayed with him in Beijing.,A,5. The college wont take anyone _ eyesight is weak.,A、who B、whose C、of whom D、which,B,6.Those _ to take part in the game write down your names.,A、who B、who want C、who wants D、what,B,7. I，_ your good friend,

28、will try my best to help you out.,A、who is B、what is C、what am D、who am,D,8. Which of the two cows _ you keep produces more milk?,A、which B、that C、what D、as,B,9. His walking stick , _ he cant walk, was lost yesterday.,A、that B、with which C、which D、without which,D,10. As many members _ were present agreed to the