大英综合教程第二版Unit 5PPT

1、Unit 5 Writing Three Thank-You Letters,Alex Haley,Alex Haley (19211992),American biographer, scriptwriter, and author became famous with the publication of the novel Roots: The Saga of an American Family, which traces his ancestry back to Africa and covers 7 American generations as they are taken sl

2、aves to the U.S.,Thanksgiving History,Second most important holiday in the U.S., celebrated in on the fourth Thursday in November. associated with the time when Europeans first came to North America. In 1620 the ship the Mayflower arrived, bringing about 102 people who today are usually called Pilgr

3、ims.,Thanksgiving celebrations,Thanksgiving dinner Turkey, stuffing, mashed potatoes with gravy, sweet potatoes, cranberry sauce, sweet corn, various fall vegetables (mainly various kinds of squashes), and pumpkin pie,Thanksgiving,Giving thanks Saying grace (谢恩祈祷) before carving a turkey at Thanksgi

4、ving dinner, Pennsylvania, U.S., 1942,Thanksgiving celebrations,Vacation and travel: Thanksgiving Break Thursday-Sunday Parades Macys Thanksgiving Day Parade in NYC “National Thanksgiving Turkey Presentation” and “Presidential Pardoning” Football and other sports,Now ,lets get to business and learn

5、about the text.,Main Idea,By writing three “thank you” letters, the author realizes that human beings long for other peoples appreciation for their efforts. Therefore, he encourages people to “find the good-and praise it”.,WRITING THREE THANK-YOU LETTERS,It was 1943, during World War II, and I was a

6、 young U.S. coastguardsman. My ship, the USS Murzim, had been under way for several days. Most of her holds contained thousands of cartons of canned or dried foods. The other holds were loaded with five-hundred-pound bombs packed delicately in padded racks. Our destination was a big base on the isla

7、nd of Tulagi in the South Pacific. I was one of the Murzims several cooks and, quite the same as for folk ashore, this Thanksgiving morning had seen us busily preparing a traditional dinner featuring roast turkey.,Alex Haley,I decided first to go out on the Murzims afterdeck for a breath of open air

8、. I made my way out there, breathing in great, deep draughts while walking slowly about, still wearing my white cooks hat.,Well, as any cook knows, its a lot of hard work to cook and serve a big meal, and clean up and put everything away. But finally, around sundown, we finished at last.,D R _ Text

9、2,D R _ Text 3,I got to thinking about Thanksgiving, of the Pilgrims, Indians, wild turkeys, pumpkins, corn on the cob, and the rest. Yet my mind seemed to be in quest of something else some way that I could personally apply to the close of Thanksgiving.,It must have taken me a half hour to sense th

10、at maybe some key to an answer could result from reversing the word “Thanksgiving” at least that suggested a verbal direction, “Giving thanks.”,Giving thanks as in praying, thanking God, I thought. Yes, of course. Certainly. Yet my mind continued turning the idea over. After a while, like a dawns br

11、ightening, a further answer did come that there were people to thank, people who had done so much for me that I could never possibly repay them. The embarrassing truth was Id always just accepted what theyd done, taken all of it for granted. Not one time had I ever bothered to express to any of them

12、 so much as a simple, sincere “Thank you”.,D R _ Text 4,At least seven people had been particularly and lastingly helpful to me. I realized, swallowing hard, that about half of them had since died so they were forever beyond any possible expression of gratitude from me. The more I thought about it,

13、the more ashamed I became. Then I pictured the three who were still alive and, within minutes, I was down in my cabin.,D R _ Text 5,Sitting at a table with writing paper and memories of things each had done, I tried composing genuine statements of heartfelt appreciation and gratitude to my dad, Simo

14、n A. Haley, a professor at the old Agricultural Mechanical Normal College in Pine Bluff, Arkansas; to my grandma, Cynthia Palmer, back in our little hometown of Henning, Tennessee; and to the Rev. Lonual Nelson, my grammar school principal, retired and living in Ripley, six miles north of Henning.,D

15、 R _ Text 6,The texts of my letters began something like, “Here, this Thanksgiving at sea, I find my thoughts upon how much you have done for me, but I have never stopped and said to you how much I feel the need to thank you ” And briefly I recalled for each of them specific acts performed on my beh

16、alf.,D R _ Text 7,For instance, something uppermost about my father was how he had impressed upon me from boyhood to love books and reading. In fact, this graduated into a family habit of after-dinner quizzes at the table about books read most,D R _ Text 8,recently and new words learned. My love of

17、books never diminished and later led me toward writing books myself. So many times I have felt a sadness when exposed to modern children so immersed in the electronic media that they have little or no awareness of the marvelous world to be discovered in books.,I reminded the Reverend Nelson how each

18、 morning he would open our little country towns grammar school with a prayer over his assembled students. I told him that whatever positive things I had done since had been influenced at least in part by his morning school prayers.,D R _ Text 9,D R _ Text 10,In the letter to my grandmother, I remind

19、ed her of a dozen ways she used to teach me how to tell the truth,to share, and to be forgiving and considerate of others. I thanked her for the years of eating her good cooking, the equal of which I had not found since. Finally, I thanked her simply for having sprinkled my life with stardust.,Befor

20、e I slept, my three letters went into our ships office mail sack. They got mailed when we reached Tulagi Island. We unloaded cargo, reloaded with something else, then again we put to sea in the routine familiar to us, and as the days became weeks, my little personal experience receded. Sometimes, wh

21、en we were at sea, a mail ship would rendezvous and bring us mail from home, which, of course, we accorded topmost priority.,D R _ Text 11,Every time the ships loudspeaker rasped, “Attention! Mail call!” two hundred-odd shipmates came pounding up on deck and clustered about the two seamen, standing

22、by those precious bulging gray sacks. They were alternately pulling out fistfuls of letters and barking successive names of sailors who were, in turn, shouting back “Here! Here!” amid the pushing.,D R _ Text 12,One “mail call” brought me responses from Grandma, Dad, and the Reverend Nelson and my re

23、ading of,D R _ Text 13,their letters left me not only astonished but more humbled than before.,Rather than saying they would forgive that I hadnt previously thanked them, instead, for Petes sake, they were thanking me for having remembered, for having considered they had done anything so exceptional

24、. Always the college professor, my dad had carefully avoided anything he considered too sentimental, so I knew how moved he was to write me that, after having helped educate many young people, he now felt that his best results included his own son.,D R _ Text 15,The Reverend Nelson wrote that his de

25、cades as a “simple, old-fashioned principal” had ended with schools undergoing such swift changes that he had retired in self-doubt. “I heard more of what I had done wrong than what I did right,” he said, adding that my letter had brought him welcome reassurance that his career had been appreciated.

26、,D R _ Text 16,A glance at Grandmas familiar handwriting brought back in a flash memories of standing alongside her white rocking chair, watching her “setting down ” some letter to relatives. Character by character, Grandma would slowly accomplish one word, then the next, so that a finished page wou

27、ld consume hours. I wept over the page representing my Grandmas recent hours invested in expressing her loving gratefulness to me whom she used to diaper!,D R _ Text 17,Much later, retired from the Coast Guard and trying to make a living as a writer, I never forgot how those three “thank you” letter

28、s gave me an insight into how most human beings go about longing in secret for more of their fellows to express appreciation for their efforts.,Now, approaching another Thanksgiving, I have asked myself what will I wish for all who are reading this, for our nation, indeed for our whole world since,

29、quoting a good and wise friend of mine, “In the end we are mightily and merely people, each with similar needs.” First, I wish for us, of course, the simple common sense to achieve world peace, that being paramount for the very survival of our kind. And there is something else I wish so strongly tha

30、t I have had this line printed across the bottom of all my stationery: “Find the good and praise it.”,D R _ Text 18,D R _ S_ Most of her ,Why was it necessary for the writer to offer so many details of his voyage?,The details indicate that this Thanksgiving was unusual, explaining why the writer fel

31、t the need to celebrate it in an unusual way.,Most of her holds contained thousands of cartons of canned or dried foods. The other holds were loaded with five-hundred-pound bombs packed delicately in padded racks. Our destination was a big base on the island of Tulagi in the South Pacific.,D R _ S_

32、this Thanksgiving ,. this Thanksgiving morning had seen us busily preparing a traditional dinner featuring roast turkey.,Paraphrase this part., on this Thanksgiving morning we were busy preparing a traditional dinner which included mainly roast turkey. “Feature” here means “to include as a special p

33、art”.,D R _ S_ I made my way ,Analyze the structure of the sentence.,在这个长句中有三个 -ing 分词：breathing、walking 和 wearing。breathing 为 made my way out 的伴随状语，walking 与 while 连用表示与 breathing 这一动作同时发生，wearing 为 walking 的伴随状语。,I made my way out there, breathing in great, deep draughts while walking slowly about

34、, still wearing my white cooks hat.,Translate the sentence into Chinese.,我信步走去，一边深深呼吸着空气，一边慢慢地踱着步，头上仍戴着那顶白色的厨师帽。,大概过了半个小时我才意识到，问题的关键也许在于把Thanksgiving 这个词前后颠倒一下，那样一来至少文字好懂了：Giving thanks。,D R _ S_ It must have taken ,It must have taken me a half hour to sense that maybe some key to an answer could re

35、sult from reversing the word “Thanksgiving” at least that suggested a verbal direction, “Giving thanks.”,Translate this sentence into Chinese.,D R _ S_ Not one time ,What can we infer from this sentence?,The author took all for granted and never expressed any appreciation. The sentence is in inverte

36、d order.,Not one time had I ever bothered to express to any of them so much as a simple, sincere “Thank you”.,D R _ S_ I told him that ,I told him that whatever positive things I had done since had been influenced at least in part by his morning school prayers.,Analyze the structure of the sentence.

37、,whatever positive morning school prayer 是宾语从句。I had done since 是定语从句，修饰 whatever positive things; since 为副词，修饰 had done; in part 在这里意为 partly。,D R _ S_ and my reading ,and my reading of their letters left me not only astonished but more humbled than before.,我读了信，既觉得震惊，又深感卑微。,Analyze the structure o

38、f this part.,leave 常用于结构：leave sb. + adj./past participle，adj./past participle（此处为 not only astonished but more humbled than before）为宾语补足语。,Translate this sentence into Chinese.,D R _ S_ Rather than saying ,Rather than saying they would forgive that I hadnt previously thanked them, instead, for Pete

39、s sake, they were thanking me for having remembered, for having considered they had done anything so exceptional.,Paraphrase the sentence.,They didnt say they would forgive me for not thanking them, but instead, for Gods sake, they thanked me for having remembered what they had done and for having t

40、hought they had done something special to me.,D R _ S_ A glance at Grandma ,A glance at Grandmas familiar handwriting brought back in a flash memories of standing alongside her white rocking chair, watching her “setting down” some letter to relatives.,What does the sentence mean?,His grandmas handwr

41、iting reminded the writer of many sweet memories of his childhood with her. “Setting down” here means “writing”.,D R _ S_ I wept over the page ,I wept over the page representing my Grandmas recent hours invested in expressing her loving gratefulness to me.,Paraphrase the sentence.,I was moved to tea

42、rs that my grandma had spent hours recently in expressing her loving gratefulness to me.,D R _ word _ under way,Its been under way for fifty years and it still has a long way to go.,A battle to conquer nature is under way.,under way: in position or operation, having started and making progress,Collo

43、cation:,all the way,自始自终,any way,无论如何,by the way,顺便说,by way of,经由；通过的方法,D R _ word _ put away,put away: remove (sth.) to a place where it is usually stored,He has a habit of putting away his tools after work.,Put the books away neatly on the shelf.,D R _ word _ get to sth./doing sth.,Recently Ive go

44、t to wondering why I am doing the part-time job.,get to sth./doing sth.: begin to give serious attention to or deal with,Ill get to the accounts as soon as I can.,D R _ word _ reverse,The rise, the first in 10 months, reversed the downward trend in the countrys jobless rate.,reverse: vt. turn around

45、 to the opposite direction; exchange the position of,Why dont you reverse the order so that I perform first and he performs second?,Collocation:,in reverse,向相反方向；倒（退）；逆（行、转等）,just the reverse,正好相反，恰恰相反,suffer/sustain a reverse,遭受挫折（或失败）；吃败仗,the reverse of,的反面；绝不是，远非,D R _ word _ turn over,She sat th

46、ere quietly, turning over the problem.,turn over: think about; consider,他在心里反复考虑这件事情。,He turned the matter over in his mind.,Collocation:,turn aside,避开，撇开,turn (away) from,对感到厌恶,turn down,关小；拒绝,turn up,开大；出现,D R _ word _ repay,She repaid me the money.,How can I ever repay you for your kindness?,repa

47、y: vt. pay back; reward,D R _ word _ gratitude,gratitude: n. being thankful; thankfulness (followed by to sb. / for sth.),He showed me his gratitude by inviting me to dinner.,She expressed her gratitude for our help.,Collocation:,feel gratitude,心怀感激,show gratitude,表露感激之情,deep/profound gratitude,深切的谢

48、意,everlasting gratitude,永远的感谢,sincere gratitude,诚挚的谢意,D R _ word _ specific 1,specific: adj. relating to one thing and not others; particular,He uses a specific tool for each job.,试卷回答要明确具体。,Be specific in your examination answers.,specific, special, especial in the interests of sb.; as the represen

49、tative of sb.,My husband cant be here today, so Im going to speak on his behalf.,律师代表当事人说话。,The lawyer spoke on behalf of his client.,D R _ word _ impress,I am impressed by/with his performance.,The gas turbine feeds on the fuel it pumps.,impress: vt.,1. fix in sb.s mind; make the importance of (sth

50、.) very clear to sb.,Pattern:,impress upon/on sb. + that-clause impress upon/on sb. sth.,My father impressed on me the value of hard work.,2. cause (sb.) to feel admiration or respect,D R _ word _ diminish1,His illness diminished his strength.,diminish: v. make or become smaller or less,我们的友谊决不会因时间的

51、流逝而减弱。,Time will never cause our friendship to diminish.,decrease, diminish absorb deeply,He lay immersed in a hot bath.,immerse, dunk excellent,Its marvelous that we could see each other again.,It is a marvelous creation by the workers.,D R _ word _ sprinkle,sprinkle: vt. scatter (drops or particle

52、s of sth.) on (sth.); scatter in small drops,The gardener is sprinkling water on the grass.,Sprinkle the top with cheese.,He likes to eat fish sprinkled with pepper.,Pattern:,sprinkle sth. on/over sth.,Pattern:,sprinkle sth. with sth.,D R _ word _ accord,accord: vt.,1) grant,我们给予他一个英雄凯旋式的欢迎。,We acco

53、rded a heros welcome to him.,2) be in agreement (followed by with),What you have just said does not accord with what you told us earlier.,Collocation:,bring into accord,使符合，使一致,come/reach an accord,达成一致,in accord with,与一致；与相符合；与调和,out of accord with,与不一致，与不相符合，与不调和,D R _ word _ successive,successive

54、: adj. following one after the other,This is his fifth successive victory.,He made two visits on successive days.,D R _ word _ undergo,undergo: vt. go through; experience,She is undergoing a surgical operation at the hospital.,解放前这位老工人遭受了许多苦难。,The old worker underwent much suffering before liberatio

55、n.,D R _ word _ appreciate,appreciate: vt. recognize the quality or significance of; value,We greatly appreciate your timely help.,我认为小孩对现代画往往比任何人都更有鉴赏力。,I think that young children often appreciate modern pictures better than anyone else.,Professor Lis lecture may help students to appreciate the wo

56、rks of art.,D R _ word _ swift1,swift: adj. rapid; prompt,He was swift to take offense.,The river is too swift to swim in.,swift, prompt, rapid behave in society; keep busy doing (sth.); set about,我们该怎样着手干这件工作？,How shall we go about the job?,Some people go about telling untrue stories.,D R _ word _

57、in secret,in secret: secretly,The meeting was held in secret.,They found she had been meeting her boyfriend in secret.,Collocation:,a dead secret,还未泄露的秘密,keep a/the secret,保守秘密,keep sth. a secret from sb.,不把某事告诉某人,D R _ word _ quote 1,quote: vt. repeat or copy the words of (another),He quotes the Bi

58、ble to support his beliefs.,To close, I would like to quote Benjamin Franklin, “One should eat to live, not live to eat.”,quote, cite & repeat 这几个词均有“援引、转述”的意思。,quote,指（尽量）忠实地引用原文或他人说过的话。例如：,CF:,D R _ word _ quote 2,To support his argument he cited Article 68, Chapter 10, of the Charter of the United Nations.,路透社引用中国一位外交官的话说：“只有人民才能决定本国的命运，而不是超级大国。”,Reuters quotes a Chinese diplomat as saying, “Only the people can decide the fate of their country, not super powers.”,cite,指列举事例、事实，以此证明自己的观点，不强调引