高中英语句子成分基本句型精品课件.ppt

1、句子成分及结构,While small may be beautiful, tall is just plain uncomfortable it seems, particularly when it comes to staying in hotels and eating in restaurants. The Tall Persons Club Great Britain (TPCGB), which was formed six months ago to campaign for the needs of the tall, has turned its attention to

2、hotels and restaurants. Beds that are too small, shower heads that are too low, and restaurant tables with hardly any leg-room all make life difficult for those of above average height, it says. (2011高考阅读B),*句子成分由词或词组充当,英语的基本成分有七种：_和_,主语（subject）、,谓语（predicate）、,表语（predicative）、,宾语（object）、,定语（attri

3、bute）、,状语(adverbial),补语（complement）。,英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。,掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。,一： （主谓） 二： （主系表） 三： （主谓宾） 四： （主谓间宾直宾） 五： （主谓宾宾补）,基本句型 一： （主谓）,主语：可以作主语的成分有名词，主格代词，动词不定式，动名词等等。主语一般在句首。,谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，,如：We come., （不及物动词）,1. The sunrose. 2. Who

4、cares? 3. What he said does not matter. 4. They talked for half an hour. 5. The pen writes smoothly 6. Wherever you go, Ill be right here waiting.,此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词 都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词， 后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。,基本句型 二： （主系表）,此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词

5、叫做连系动词。,系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem, remain等，表情况；get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表变化。 be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。,感官动词多可用作连系动词：look well面色好, sound nice听起来不错,feel good感觉好，smell bad难闻, taste nice好吃, （是系动词） （表语）,1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The dinner smells good. 3. He fell il

6、l. 4. Everything looks different. 5. He is growing tall and strong. 6. Our well has gone dry. 7. His face turned red. 8. She looks as if she were drunk.,*There be 结构： There be 表示存在有。这里的there没有实际意义，不可与副词there那里混淆。 此结构后跟名词，表示（存在）有某事物,试比较：There is a boy there.（那儿有一个男孩。） 前一个there无实意，后一个there为副词那里。,基本句型

7、三： （主谓宾）,此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。, （及物动词） （宾语）,1. Who knows the answer? 2. He has refused to help them. 3. He enjoys reading. 4. He said Good morning. 5. He admits that he was mistaken.,I dont know,him.,He has finished his work,that he has finis

8、hed his work. whether he has finished his work.,宾语从句,He is leaving for Washington.,that he is leaving for Washington. when he is leaving for Washington. why he is leaving for Washington. how he is leaving for Washington. whether he is leaving for Washington.,基本句型 四： （主谓间宾直宾）,有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，eg：give/pa

9、ss/bring/show。这两个宾语通常一个指人(间接宾语)；一个指物(直接宾语)。,-Give me a cup of tea please. -Show this house to Mr. Smith. -Bring it to me, please.,加介词to的动词有：give /bring /take /hand /lend /pass /read /tell /send /show /teach /write /do 等 加介词for的动词有：fetch /find /pay /sing /buy /choose / find /get /make等, （及物） （多指人） （多

10、指物）,She ordered herself a new dress. I will fetch you a hat. 3. He brought you a dictionary. 4. I showed him my pictures. 5. I told him that the bus was late. 6. I told him what I had thought. 7. He showed me how to run the machine.,基本句型 五： （主谓宾宾补）,此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成

11、分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。,宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词，形容词，不定式，动名词，分词，介词短语等。,The war made him a soldier. New methods make the job easy. I often find him at work. The teacher ask the students to close the windows. I saw a cat running across the road. Years of hard work have made her what she is now.,名词

12、/代词宾格 + n./adj./ 介词短语/动词不定式/分词,(make/get/have/let/cause/see/find/consider/think), （及物） （宾语） （宾补）,1. They painted the door green. 2. This set them thinking. 3. They found the house deserted. 4. He asked me to come back soon. 5. I saw them playing near the river.,a，主谓 b， 主系表 c，主谓宾 d，主谓双宾 e，主谓宾宾补,1，Ple

13、ase tell us a story._ 2, She smiled._ 3. I have a lot work to do._ 4. His job is to train swimmers._ 5. He noticed a man enter the room._ 6. Please look at the picture._,d,a,c,b,e,c,to do/do/doing作补语,使动用词等+宾+宾补的总结 see类 （notice /watch /hear /feel ）/have + sb + do/ doing get /leave + sb +to do / doing

14、 make /let + sb +do keep /catch /find + sb +doing send + sb + doing 使宾语突然进入某种状态 (send +sb +to do 派),to do/do/doing作补语,区别： 1、When I passed by, I heard him the piano. 2、Now, let me hear you the piano for a second time. 3、我听见铃声在响。 I heard the bell ringing. 4、你听见铃声响过了吗？ Did you hear the bell ring?,playi

15、ng,play,to do/do/doing作补语,区别： 5、Shell have you all the housework if youre not careful. 6、“What did Professor Anderson tell you to do ?” “He had us all morning.” A. practice B. to practice C. practicing D. practiced 7、If you dont put a fence round your garden, youll have people in and stealing your f

16、ruit. 如果你不在花园周围安上栅栏，就会有人进去偷你的水果。,do /doing,C,walking,to do/do/doing作补语,区别： 8、Get her for dinner if you can. 9、Cant you see it baby? Youve got me crazy. 10、I left her the decision. 我让她做决定。 11、The sad movie left me . 这部悲惨的电影使我哭了。 12、-Why did you go back to the shop? -I left my friend there. A. waiting

17、 B. to wait C. wait D. waits,going,to make,crying,A,to stay,to do/do/doing作补语,区别： 13. The news left me what would happen next. 14. She left me _ in the rain. 15. Dont leave me _ it to him. 16. The teacher sent the monitor_ some chalk. 17. The shots sent the birds in all directions.,wondering,to fetc

18、h,flying,waiting,to explain,to do/do/doing作补语,总结： Asee 类动词 + sb + doing + do Bhave + sb + do /doing 一般情况下，do /doing 意义基本相同，但若强调动作正在进行(如例6)或表示have 的主语无意地引起某人可能去做某事（如例7），则用doing. Cget /leave + sb + to do + doing ,使动用词等+宾+宾补的其他常考方向,A 1、Ill the car. 2、Can you the clock again? 3、How can you the water? 4、

19、He continued to sleep, the alarm. have /get /leave +宾语 +宾补,get going,get going,have running,leaving,ringing,使动用词等+宾+宾补的其他常考方向,B以上涉及的内容均为宾语和宾补之间是主动关系，若宾语和宾补是被动关系呢？ 1、hear the song sung by him . 2、keep your mouth shut. 3、find many trees cut down. 4、have your hair done up. Have her handbag stolen. 5、ge

20、t the bike repaired by Pad. get my car started. get his leg broken.,使动用词等+宾+宾补的其他常考方向,B以上涉及的内容均为宾语和宾补之间是主动关系，若宾语和宾补是被动关系呢？ 6、leave the work half-done. leave the window shut /closed /open. 7、“I cant see the blackboard very well.” “Perhaps you need .” A. to examine your eyes B. to have your eyes exami

21、ned C. to have examined your eyes D. to be examined your eyes ,B,使动用词等+宾+宾补的其他常考方向,C.此类结构综合为： 使动词+宾+宾补 若宾语和宾补之间为被动关系，一般用done 的形式，有时也会用到 being done 的形式。 When I got home, I noticed the chicken soup being prepared. When I got home, I noticed the chicken soup prepared. 思考：宾补的形式会用到having done 和having bee

22、n done 吗？,使动用词等+宾+宾补的其他常考方向,D.此类结构的被动 1. His brother made him cry. He was made to cry. 2. We found him lying on the floor. He was found lying on the floor. 3. He has kept me waiting long. I have been kept long. 4. The man was caught . 5. The papers were left around. 宾补 主补 do to do; to do to do; doin

23、g doing.,waiting,selling drugs,lying,主动语态变成被动语态后,宾语补足语变成主补.,I last saw him playing near the river.,He was last seen_.,The teacher caught the student cheating in the exam.,The student was caught_.,We made him monitor.,He was made monitor.,He pushed the door open.,The door was pushed open.,playing nea

24、r the river,cheating in the exam,I last saw him jump into the river.,He was last seen_.,to jump into the river,Dont have the water _(run). I noticed a man _(break) into the house and called the police. I noticed the house _ (break) into and called the police. Tom had his leg _ (break) in the acciden

25、t. Her parents left her _ (choose) her own friends.,running,break,broken,broken,to choose,6. His parents passed away, leaving him _ (burden) with a lot of debts. 7.The angry boss went away, leaving him _ (stand) there. 8. I didnt get the project _(finish) until my boss returned from his trip to Lond

26、on. 9.I tried to make myself _ (understand) but in vain; the students were still at a loss. 10. The teacher caught the student _(cheat) in the exam.,burdened,standing,finished,understood,cheating,但常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短，除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词（adj./adv./num.数词）短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短

27、语和分词短语），我们称之为：定语、状语。也可以是从句，我们称之为定语从句、状语从句。,定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。,Chen Susu is a chemistry teacher.（名词） He is our friend. （代词） We belong to the third world. （数词） He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词） The man over there is my old friend.(副词) The boy in blue is Tom.(介词) The boys playing

28、football are in Class 2. （现在分词） The trees planted last year are growing well now. （过去分词） I have an idea to do it well. （不定式） You should do everything that I do. （定语从句）,状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., 或者句子。 表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。,I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meeting room. T

29、he meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well. He didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like you very much. If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike. Though he is young, he can do it well.,Exercises 一、分析下列句子成分 1. Our school

30、 is not far from my home. 2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you 3. All of us considered him honest. 4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes. 5. He broke a piece of glass. 6. He made it clear that he would leave the city 7. I love you more than her child 8. Tees turn green when spring

31、 comes. 9. They pushed the door open. 10. Grandma told me an interesting story last night.,11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends. 12.All the students think highly of his teaching 13. We need a place twice larger than this one. 14. He asked us to sing an English song. 15. Dont get nervou

32、s；help yourself to what you like 16.We will make our school more beautiful. 17. He didnt comeThat is why he didnt know 18. She showed us many of her pictures. 19. The old man lives a lonely life. 20. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town.,21. The cars made in Japan are bet

33、ter than those in Germany 22. There are so many people in the hall that its hard for me to find him 23. No matter how difficult the task may be, we must fulfill it this month. 24. Go back where you came from. 25. We must do whatever the people want us to do. 26. At last he got home, tired and hungry

34、. 27. Would you please pass me the cup? 28. Mary handed her homework to the teacher. 29. Do you know the latest news about him? 30. Ill get my hair cut tomorrow.,While small may be beautiful, tall is just plain uncomfortable it seems, particularly when it comes to staying in hotels and eating in res

35、taurants. The Tall Persons Club Great Britain (TPCGB), which was formed six months ago to campaign for the needs of the tall, has turned its attention to hotels and restaurants. Beds that are too small, shower heads that are too low, and restaurant tables with hardly any leg-room all make life diffi

36、cult for those of above average height, it says. (2011高考阅读B),二、翻 译 练 习： （一）主谓结构 （ 主语 不及物动词 ） 1你应当努力学习。 2她昨天回家很晚。 3那天早上我们谈了很多。 4会议将持续两个小时。 5在最近十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变 化。 6这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生。 7 . 1919年，在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。 8. 每天八时开始上课。 9. 五年前我住在北京。,（二）主谓宾结构 （主语 及物动词 宾语 ） 1.昨晚我写了一封信。 2.今天下午我想同你谈谈。 3.这本书他读过多次了。 4.他们成功

37、地完成了计划。 5.你们必须在两周内看完这些书。 6.那位先生能流利地说三种语言。 7.我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。 8 .Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。 9.我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。 10.他不知道说什麽好。,（三）主系表结构 （主语 系动词表语 ） 1我的兄弟都是大学生。 2冬季白天短，夜晚长。 3布朗夫人看起来很健康。 4十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。 5孩子们，请保持安静。 6这本书是有关美国历史的书。 7她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。 8他失业了。 9树叶已经变黄了。 10这个报告听起来很有意思。,（四）双宾语结构 （主语 动词间接宾语直接宾语 ） 1 Johnson

38、 先生去年教我们德语。 2. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。 3. Mary把钱包交给校长了。 4. 请把那本字典递给我好吗？ 5. 他把车票给列车员看。 6. 这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了。 7. 我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。 8. Robinson Crusoe 给自己做了一只小船。 9. 请你给我弄一本新的，好吗？ 10. 我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？,（五）复合宾语结构 （主语 动词 宾语 宾语补足语 ） 1我们叫她Alice. 2他的父母给他取名为John. 3我们大家都认为他是诚实的。 4他们把门推开了。 5他们把小偷释放了。 6我们要使学校变得更美丽。 7他请我们参加做游戏。 8我要你把真相告诉我。 9卫兵命令我们立即离开。 10明天我要找人来修理机器。,11每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。 12痛苦使得他叫喊起来。 13我们不会让她在晚上外出的。 14他每个月理一次发。 15我要请人把我的录音机修理一下。 16那可