一种国际通用的能源与GHG管理工具介绍.ppt

1、Tracking Enterprise Performance towards an Energy Target: An International Energy and GHG Management Tool跟踪企业实现能源目标的执行情况：一种国际通用的能源和GHG,Pankaj Bhatia Director, GHG Protocol Initiative, World Resources Institute Workshop on International Energy Efficiency Best Practices for Key Industrial Enterprises,

2、 Beijing, April 11, 2007,Overview 概述,1. GHG协议行动 背景 2. GHG协议行动 出版物和工具 3. 建议：采用GHG协议作为跟踪能源的工具 4. 在跟踪能源过程中的核算问题 5. 能源核算框架的广泛应用,1. GHG Protocol Initiative Background 2. GHG Protocol Initiative Publications and ToolsGHG 3. Proposal: Adapting the GHG Protocol for Energy Tracking 4. Accounting Issues in Tr

3、acking Progress 5. Wider Application of Energy Accounting Framework,The GHG Protocol Initiative BackgroundGHG协议行动 背景,The most widely used international accounting tool for government and business leaders to understand, quantify, and manage energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. Convened in 1998 by

4、 the World Resources Institute (WRI) and the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) Multi-stakeholder development process included several hundred individuals from corporations, NGOs, and governments throughout the world.,被国际上很多政府和企业广泛采用作为了解、量化以及管理能源利用以及温室气体排放的工具。 1998年由世界资源研究所（W

5、RI）和世界商业可持续发展理事会（WBCSD）共同发起。 在全世界范围内得到多方的积极参与，数百名参与人员来自企业、非政府组织（NGOs）以及政府部门等。,The GHG Protocol Global ImpactsGHG协议 全球影响,2020年8月22日星期六,4,Wide Adoption by International Initiatives被多项国际行动所采用,Voluntary Climate Initiatives U.S. EPA Climate Leaders Program Mexico GHG Program Philippines Greenhouse Gas Ac

6、counting and Reporting Program Korea National GHG Registry South Africa NBI/BUSA-DEATInitiative WWF Climate Savers Program GHG Registries GHG California Climate Action Registry US DOE 1605b Registry WEF Global Registry WEF全球注册行动 Multilateral Non-government Initiatives International Standards Organiz

7、ation (ISO),自愿气候行动 美国EPA气候领导者计划 墨西哥GHG计划 菲律宾温室气体核算和报告计划 韩国国家GHG注册 南非NBI/BUSA-DEAT行动 WWF气候拯救者计划 GHG Registries GHG注册行动 加州气候行动注册计划 美国能源部1605b注册行动 全球注册行动 多边非政府行动 国际标准化组织,Industry Initiatives WBCSD Cement Protocol International Forum of Forest and Paper Associations International Aluminium Institute Mar

8、ket Initiatives AP 6 Initiative Cement Sector Protocol Carbon Disclosure Project Chicago Climate Exchange EU Emissions Trading Scheme (informed by GHG Protocol calculation tools),Wide Adoption by International Initiatives被多项国际行动所采用,工业行动 WBCSD 水泥协议 国际森林及纸协会论坛 国际铝业协会 市场行动 AP6 水泥行业协议行动 碳排放披露行动 芝加哥气候交易所

9、 欧盟排放交易计划（由GHG协议计算工具派生）,Used by over 900 companies worldwide被世界范围内900多家企业采用,Publications and Tools出版物和工具,A Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard 企业核算和报告准则 Project Accounting Protocol 项目核算协议,Calculation Tools计算工具,Four Cross sector tools: Stationary and mobile combustion, CHP, purchased electric

10、ity四种跨部门工具：固定及移动燃烧过程，CHP，购买的电力 Twelve Sector-specific tools: Pulp & paper, cement, aluminum, iron & steel, nitric acid, ammonia, lime, etc.十二种特定部门工具：纸和纸浆、水泥、铝、钢铁、硝酸、合成氨、石灰等 Consistent with IPCC and IEA methodologies 与IPCC及IEA核算方法一致,.,T-1,000 and GHG Protocol Accounting FrameworkT-1000

11、以及GHG协议核算框架,Proposal: Adapting the GHG Protocol Accounting Framework建议：采用GHG协议作为跟踪能源的工具,Preparing an energy account using international best practice and standards Based on financial accounting principles Compatible with T-1000 reporting requirements Addresses accounting needs and issues unique to t

12、he T-1000 Program Can be used to serve multiple objectives including tracking energy use and related environmental co-benefits (GHGs and/or air pollutants),采用国际上最好的经验和标准，准备一种能源核算体系 基于商业上的核算原则 满足T- 1000 报告的要求 满足了核算需要，也解决了T- 1000 项目面临的特殊问题 可以用于多重目标，包括跟踪能源利用及相关的环境效应（GHG及空气污染物）,2020年8月22日星期六,12,GHG Prot

13、ocol Concept of Scope to Categorize Direct and Indirect ImpactsGHG协议中“范围”的理念能够区分直接和间接影响,GHG Protocol Energy Accounting Framework Direct Energy Consumption GHG能源核算框架- 直接能源消费量,GHG Protocol Energy Accounting Framework Indirect Energy Consumption GHG能源核算框架- 直接能源消费量,Overview of Energy Use Inventory Devel

14、opment对于能源使用库存量发展的简介,Define the reporting enterprise boundary定义报告企业的边界 Identify direct and indirect energy use sources定义直接和间接的能源消耗来源 Quantify direct and indirect energy use量化直接和间接的能源消耗 Undertake base year recalculation, if needed 如有必要，对基准年数据重新计算,Step 1: Define the Reporting Enterprise Boundary步骤1：确定

15、被报告企业的边界,Determine which operations are owned or controlled by the enterprise and therefore should be included in the energy use inventory确定企业拥有哪些生产设施，由此确定核算能源利用存量的范围 Definition of an Enterprise according to the T-1,000 Program 根据T- 1000计划对企业进行界定 Legal entity (called operational control under GHG P

16、framework) 法律实体（根据GHG P 框架确定对象范围） Geographic boundary drawn at the Province level 在省级层面确定地理边界,Step 2: Identify Direct and Indirect Energy Use Sources步骤2：定义直接和间接的能源使用来源,Direct Energy 直接能源,Step 2: Identify Direct and Indirect Energy Use Sources步骤2：定义直接和间接的能源使用来源,Indirect Energy 间接能源,Step 3: Quantify D

17、irect and Indirect Energy and Energy Intensity Use对直接与间接能源以及能源强度定量计算,Identify Sources,Select Calculation Approach,Collect Data & Choose Conversion Factors,Apply Calculation Tools,Roll-up Data to Enterprise Level,定义来源,选择计算方法,收集数据&选择转换系数,应用计算工具,将数据应用到企业层面,Step 4: Base Year Recalculation步骤4：重新计算基准年数据,W

18、hen structural changes within an enterprise occur, the base year must be recalculated. 如果企业内部结构发生变化，基准年数据必须重新计算,Setting and Tracking Performance towards an Energy Target 设定并跟踪企业在向能源目标发展过程中的表现,Target type: Intensity Target boundary: direct and indirect Target base year: 2005 Target completion date: 2

19、010 Track and report progress: Annually,目标类型：强度 目标边界：直接与间接 目标基准年：2005 目标完成时间：2010 跟踪并报告进展：每年,2020年8月22日星期六,22,Absolute Targets 绝对目标,Absolute Targets reduce absolute emissions over time. 绝对目标即减少一段时间排放的绝对数量,Advantages优点,Disadvantages缺点,Reduction in a specified quantity of energy减少一定数量的能源消费量 Environmen

20、tally robust对环境有较大好处 Transparent 透明,Target base year recalculations complex目标基准年的重新计算很复杂 No intensity/efficiency comparisons不能进行强度或效率比较 May be difficult to achieve with new growth in company 如果伴随企业增长的话，可能难以达到,2020年8月22日星期六,23,Examples of Corporate Absolute Targets1 企业设立绝对目标的案例,Deutsche Telekom Reduc

21、e energy use by 15 percent from 1995 levels by 2000. IBM Conserve, in each year, 4 percent of the energy that would otherwise have been consumed. CH2M Hill Source 5 percent of electricity from renewables by 2000.,Business Environmental Leadership Council (BELC) of the Pew Center on Global Climate Ch

22、ange. Pew全球气候变化中心商业环境领导人理事会（BELC）,德国电信2000年相比1995年的能源消费量减少15%。 IBM每年节约能源消费量的4%。 CH2M Hill 到2000年其5%的电力需求来自可再生能源。,Intensity Targets 强度目标,Intensity targets reduce the ratio of emissions relative to a business metric over time 长期看来，强度目标能够减少企业排放所占比重,Advantages 优点,Disadvantages 缺点,反映企业自然增长或降低之外的强度提高情况 不考

23、虑结构变化，目标根据基准年计算 可比性较强,实际能源消费量可能增加 难以设定统一的企业规模 货币核算带来的问题,Reflects performance improvements independent of organic growth, decline Target base year recalculations for structural changes not needed Increased comparability,Absolute energy use may increase Single common business metric may be difficult t

24、o achieve Problems with using monetary value as metric,Selected Corporate Intensity Targets1部分企业能源强度目标,Interface Inc. Reduce non-renewable energy use per unit of production by 15% from 1996 levels, and increase renewable energy use to 10 percent of total energy use, by 2005. United Technologies Corp

25、oration Reduce energy consumption as a percentage of sales by 25% from 1997 levels by 2007. Toyota Motor Manufacturing North America Reduce energy consumption per unit of production by 15% from 2000 levels by 2005. Baxter International Reduce energy use and associated GHG emissions by 30% per unit o

26、f product value from 1996 levels by 2005.,Business Environmental Leadership Council (BELC) of the Pew Center on Global Climate Change.,在1996年基础上，单位产品的非可再生能源消耗减少15%，到2005年，可再生能源消费量增加到能源总消费量的10%. 到2007年，能源消费在销售额中的比重在1997年基础上降低25%。 到2005年，单位产品能源消费量在2000年水平上降低15%。 到2005年，单位产值的能源消费以及GHG排放在1996年基础上减少30%。,

27、Tracking Performance towards an Energy Target: Key Accounting Issues跟踪企业能耗情况，实现能效目标：主要核算问题,Treatment of bio-fuels in quantifying direct and indirect energy use Base year recalculation Double counting between different types of energy reductions Tracking performance towards direct, indirect, and total energy use intensity targets Double counting between different enterprises Enterprise energy target balance sheet,在计算直接和间接能源消费量时如何处理生物质能 基准年的重新计算 不同能