高考英语语法填空题型分析及解题指导课件.ppt

1、“语法填空” 解题指导,命题特点,以语篇为载体，考查学生的语法和词汇知识。,“语法填空”的考点主要涉及: 句子的构成成分 句子成分之间的一致性 句子的篇章制约 句子的意义制约,全文大意：,有32个人目睹了Kitty死在他们的窗下。作为邻居，却无人施救，也无人报警。John和Bib赶到事发场透过新闻进一步调查他们不施救的原因。结果发现人们施救前要先完成两个步骤： 1.他必须注意到情况紧急。 2.也是更重要的，面对紧急情况的人必须意识到自身的责任。他必须意识到他应该去拯救，否则，（需要救援的）人就不会得到他所需要的救助。,Grammar Cloze Test One,Read carefully

2、for a second time and put the proper words.(4minutes),填空的依据是语境所要求的“语义”（已给出词语的除外）及句子结构所要求的“语法”形式。,Thirty-two people watched Kitty Genovese 1 (kill) right below their windows. She was 2 neighbor. Yet 3 of the 32 helped her. Not one even called the police. John Barley and Bib Fatane went beyond the hea

3、dlines to research into the reasons 4 people didnt act. They,学生答案,check,found that a person has to go through two steps 5 he can help. First he has to notice that it is 6 emergency. Is the smoke coming into the room 7 a leak in the air conditioning? Is it “steam pipes”? Or is it really smoke from a

4、fire? Its not always easy to tell if you are faced with a real emergency. Second, and 8,importantly, the person faced with an emergency must feel personally 9 (responsibility). He must feel that he must help, 10 the person wont get the help he needs.,解题技巧,在做题过程中，要时时联系上下文，从语篇中去判断空格处应填哪个单词。,1、如果空格后是名词

5、（尤其是单数名词），就应该考虑空格处是否需要填冠词(a, an, the)、物主代词(my, your, his等)、指示代词(this, that等)、不定代词(few, little, many, much, all, each, every, both, neither, other等)、名词所有格或形容词等进行修饰。,解题技巧,2、相反，如果空格是在冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格或形容词之后，则应考虑填名词。但不要忘记，要考虑名词是否变复数，是否有所有格形式等。,解题技巧,3. 1) 填动词。一定要考虑动词的时态和语态，所以动词形式的变化也是必不可少的。,如果空格前是助

6、动词（will, shall等）、情态动词（can, may, must等）或是动词加to的形式，则空格一定是 。,如果空格前是have的各种形式，则想到构成 。,如果空格前是be的各种形式，则想到用 。,动词原形,完成时,进行时态或被动语态,解题技巧,3. 2）考查非谓语动词，包括V-ing形式、V-ed形式和动词不定式。,如果与中心词是主动关系， ；,如果与中心词是被动关系， ；,动词不定式to do表示将来。,一般用V-ing形式,一般用V-ed形式,解题技巧,4. 空格处还有可能是系表结构，一般填形容词形式。,形容词要根据上下文来确定意思，进而确定用哪个单词；,有时也可以根据前后介词的

7、搭配来确定；,有时括号里会给出这个单词的其他形式，让你填出形容词的形式。,解题技巧,5. 缺少介词。,介词可位于名词之前。如at night, on Sunday等；,也可位于形容词之后，如be interested in, be good at等；,还可位于不及物动词之后，如listen to, arrive at, look for等。,解题技巧,6. 从句子结构考虑，如果空格前后都有句子，则要根据上下文的逻辑关系，选择适当的副词或连词。,表示递进：,because, for since等；,so, therefore, hence, thus等；,further, furthermore

8、, moreover, in addition等；,but, nevertheless, however, yet, while, although, though, actually, practically等。,表示转折：,表示结果：,表示原因：,解题技巧,7、当句中主、谓、宾成分都不缺少时，则应考虑是否缺少副词来修饰动词、形容词或整个句子。,常见的副词有：always, usually, never, sometimes, not, hard, quite, very, still, almost, already等。,解题技巧,8、从语境考虑，有时需要用情态动词表示特定的语气或感情。,

9、解题技巧,9、填引导词 如果一个句子中含有多个谓语或多个主谓结构,应该从句子的意义去判断这一句是否含并列谓语，或含非谓语动词结构，或是属于复合句；如果是复合句,一般要考虑该填什么引导词。,解题技巧,10、要熟记一些固定搭配,习惯用语。,这是一篇小故事。伦敦多雾。人们常因此而上班迟到。一个办公室门口放了一个本子供员工们签到。九点钟以后就算迟到，必须注明迟到原因。通常第一个迟到的人就写“因雾而耽搁”，后边到的员工只是写“同上”。有一天，第一位迟到的人写了“我太太大清早生了个宝贝”。结果后面迟到的二三十员工也都写上了“同上”。,Grammar Cloze Test Two,全文大意：,Grammar

10、 Cloze Test Two,At the entrance 1 a big office in London there was a book 2 all employees had to sign 3 they arrived each morning. At nine oclock, the managers secretary, who lived in a small flat above the office, had to 4 a red line under the last name in the book, and anyone who came after that h

11、ad to explain 5 he was late.,to,which,book,when,(when they arrived each morning).,draw,why,explain,学生答案,6 there was a thick fog in the city, the first person 7 (arrive) late usually wrote “Delayed by fog” under the red line in the book, and then everybody 8 who came after that just put “ditto” under

12、neath. But one foggy morning, the first man who arrived late wrote “My wife had a baby early this morning”,Whenever,Grammar Cloze Test Two,usually,to arrive,the first person,else,who arrive /arriving(错),9 of “delayed by fog” under the red line in the book. Twenty or thirty people who 10 (动词短语) him p

13、ut “ditto” underneath this as usual.,instead,came after,Grammar Cloze Test Two,备考建议：,1词汇学习过程中要注意把握词性。,2要熟知语法，巧记语法规则。,3要多进行语境化和语篇化填空练习，培 养和提高语法、词汇的活用能力。,4利用完形填空题训练答题的能力，在 做完形填空练习题时，先不要看答案 进行填空练习，再参考考项验证答案。,这是一篇记叙文。Mrs. Trench和丈夫都不抽烟，而她在门阶上发现烟灰，就觉得奇怪。她进屋发现一男子在屋里熟睡，就马上去报警。等她同警察一起到家里时，小偷已将她几乎一文不值的赝品钻石项链

14、偷走了。,Grammar Cloze Test Three,全文大意：,As 1 she nor her husband smoked, Mrs. Trench was surprised to see cigarette ash on her doorstep as she entered the house. When she opened the living-room door, she was astonished to see a strange man fast 2 in an armchair! Taking care not to disturb him, Mrs. Tren

15、ch left the house immediately. She,Grammar Cloze Test Three,neither,nor,asleep,形容词做宾语补足语,学生答案,called a taxi and went straight to the police station. When she got there, she lost no time to explain 3 had happened and added that the man 4 have got into the house 5 an open window. Mrs. Trench returned

16、home 6 a police car together with two policemen. But it,Grammar Cloze Test Three,what,explain,must,must have done句型, 表示Mrs. Trench对过去的事情进行较肯定的推测。,through,in,was too late: the man had disappeared. 7 (hurry) upstairs, she went to her dressing-table. She smiled 8 relief when she saw that the only thing

17、 the man had taken was an imitation diamond necklace 9 was almost 10 !,Grammar Cloze Test Three,Hurrying,with,which/that,necklace,worthless,Hurrying 逗号后面是主谓结构，句子的主要部分。前面用hurry的现在分词形式作时间状语，因为she和hurry是主谓关系。,时时联系上下文, 根据语境所要求的“语义”（已给出词语的除外）及句子结构所要求的“语法”形式。只要按照这两个“风向标”来填空，就不会有错。,Homework,1.Review the me

18、thod we learned today. 2.Finish the exercises on the paper.,衷心感谢 莅临指导!,1.being killed watch sb.(do/doing/done)的结构 kill是及物动词，其后没有宾语，说明它 与前面的构成被动关系，故应该用被动形式，即killed 或being killed。 而watch一词往往强调“观看”事情发生的经过，故用被动式的进行式更合适。,Thirty-two people watched Kitty Genovese 1 (kill) right below their windows.,2.their

19、 此句很简单。她是谁的邻居？从第一句中关于Kitty死在他们窗下的描写可知填their。,(kill) right below their windows. She was 2 neighbor.,3.none 在句首的Yet，常作“然而，可是”解，表示语义的转折。 作为邻居，理应救她，“（然而）”，32人中竟无一人施救，所以应填“没有人” none， no one， nobody。 由于空格后有of the 32 helped her，根据语法原则，no one， nobody 后均不能接of短语，故填none。,Yet 3 of the 32 helped her. Not one eve

20、n called the police.,4.why 不难看出，这里定语从句中缺少原因状语。why people didnt act是一个由why引导的定语从句，其先行词是reason。,to research into the reasons 4 people didnt act.,5.before 此句话的意思是“他们调查发现一个人在施救前必须经过两步。”故从“语义”角度讲应填before，而从语法上讲，也可以引导一个时间状语从句。,They found that a person has to go through two steps 5 he can help.,6.an emerge

21、ncy兼作可数名词和不可数名词。 从本句语义可知，此处的emergency描述的是一种具体的“紧急情况”。故其是可数名词，又因是元音音素开头，所以其前应填不定冠词an。 下文亦有暗示: a real emergency/ an emergency,First he has to notice that it is 6 emergency.,7from 还原为陈述句式： The smoke is coming into the room _ a leak in the air conditioning. Its really smoke from a fire. The smoke coming into the room is _ a leak in the air conditioning. Its really smoke from a fire. 进入房间的烟雾是来自于空调的泄露吗？,Is the smoke coming into the room 7 a leak in the air conditioning?,8more 句中的Second与前面的First相呼应，紧接着的and表示First和Second相比较，Second“更”important，故填more。,First he has to noti