奴隶贸易-大西洋上的罪恶交易.ppt

1、The Atlantic Slave Trade,BY: Kim and Greg,Timeline,1502- First Slaves go to new world,1640-80 Slaves go to Caribbean on a large-scale for sugar production,1794- French free slaves from French colonies,1794- US prohibits vessels to participate in slave trade,1807- British Parliament bans the Atlantic

2、 slave trade,1808- US bans slave trade,1815- At the Congress of Vienna Spain, Portugal, France and the Netherlands to agree to abolish the slave trade,1819- Britain positions a fleet of the west side of Africa to prevent illegal traders,1820- US sends vessels to help British against pirates, it also

3、 makes slavery punishable by death,1825- US court declares slavery against natural law,1833- Great Britain emancipates all its slaves in the British West Indies,1863- Emancipation Proclamation given by Abraham Lincoln,1865- Congress ratifies 13th amendment and ends slavery,Atlantic Slave Trade Route

4、s,The African Slave trade used two triangle routes to transport slaves and goods (Red and Green on map),The Beginning of the African Slave Trade,Slavery has gone on since the beginning of human history, but the African slave trade began in about 1444 when the several Africans were kidnapped as gifts

5、 to Prince Henry. From that point forward Africans were continually brought to the Portuguese court to be servants or to be. Domestic slavery in Africa had already been a common practice, so the European traders were welcomed and easily acquired slaves to be brought back to Europe. It was not until

6、the “New World” was discovered that the slave trade really started to flourish,Europeans needed the African slaves to work on their sugar and tobacco plantations as well as become servants in the Americas, for disease and other factors had already eliminated much of the native populations. At first

7、it was the Portuguese who dominated the slave trade, but eventually the English and French also started the practice. England was most dominant in selling young Africans to work in the mines or farm land in the Americas.,The Spanish also played a very large role in slave trade. They had already had

8、some slaves working in their copper mines, so when they started to need more workers they realized that the African Americans would do fine. By 1650 the Spanish had delivered 300,000 slaves to the Americas.,At the beginning of the slave trade Europeans were forced to make raiding parties or kidnap A

9、fricans and then transport them to the “New World”, but eventually African rulers seeking their own wealth started to sell Africans to the Europeans for money and other goods. However, most of the rulers were still forced to capture Africans whether it was through war or small raiding parties.,Many

10、people prospered because of the slave trade so initially nobody was worried about how the Africans were treated. The African rulers would make money trading slaves to the European traders. The European traders would get rich selling them to plantations and mines. Finally, the plantation and mine own

11、ers would get rich off the work done by the Africans.,Most of the slaves ended up in South America either in Brazil or the Caribbean Islands; in fact, over seventy percent of all the slaves traded ended up in either of those places. At the beginning of the slave trade and through most of it very few

12、 slaves were introduced in the north of North America; however, once in North America the slave population grew rapidly from about 400,000 to 2 million.,The Voyage,Once the Africans were sold to European traders they were transported across the Atlantic ocean on a journey that is referred to by many

13、 as the middle passage. Millions of Africans died during the middle passage. They were malnourished and kept in unsanitary conditions the entire trip. To lower morale, the traders would pick people at random and throw them overboard or kill them on the spot. Some were denied food. Many more were kil

14、led by disease on the way over. The Africans were kept under the deck in overcrowded cells. The middle passage lasted months and was not pleasant for the crew or the slaves.,Slave Economics,The slave trade provided valuable economics for many European countries. Portugal and Spain relied on the slav

15、e trade very much, especially for plantation labor in their colonies in the Americas. The increase in demand for sugar, tobacco, cotton, and rum led more slaves into the new world, especially colonies in Brazil and Central America. In fact 90% of exported slaves went to South America or the Caribbea

16、n. These slaves were delivered too the New world by different companies. Each country designated a company to control the slave trade for that country and its colonies. This meant the colonies would have to, build forts, get the slaves, transport them to the Americas, and then sell them. The two gro

17、ups of people that the companies had to deal with were the farmers who were getting the slaves and the merchants at home. Farmers complained about the high price and poor quality of the slaves. Free trade came about when the companies failed to deliver enough slaves.,In general, the introduction of

18、slaves to the New World countries affected their overall cultures. For example, slaves brought with them their lifestyles including their food habits, and language, along with their pastimes such as dance and music, their religion, and all other aspects of their lives. Although the introduction of s

19、laves had its own affect on individual countries, these main parts of the lives of the African people influenced them all.,The Effects of the Slave Trade,Haiti,Products from Haiti such as cocoa, cotton, sugar cane, and coffee came into great demand, causing there to be a great need for cheap labor.

20、Due to this, slaves began to be imported from the West Coast of Africa. Slave labor soon became necessary to maintain the countries economy. With the increase of slaves, other problems soon appeared. The slaves brought with them their religion, language, and culture. The slaves introduced their reli

21、gious practices of voodoo, which contrasted with the Catholic beliefs of the French, who inhabited the island. Due to the cruel treatment the slaves suffered under the French, they built of a great resentment of their captors, causing later problems. This created a lasting class system in which ligh

22、t skinned French Catholics were at odds with the darker skinned, African voodoo people who made up the majority of the population. This resentment led to later slave revolts, and problems. The French living in Haiti were later ousted from the area during a slave rebellion, and Haiti became the first

23、 nation to be ruled by independent Africans.,Brazil,Brazil was another area that relied heavily on the use of slaves for labor. With its land and climate conditions, Brazil was ideal for the growth of sugar cane, a popular product during this time period. With the growing need for sugar cane, came t

24、he growing need for slave labor. With the help of the slaves, landowners in Brazil were able to lead prosperous lives selling sugar cane, and other products harvested by the African slaves. Slaves in Brazil also helped mine some of the nations wealth when gold was discovered Minas Gerias in the 1690

25、s, when the Brazilians competed with the Portuguese for a share in the newly discovered wealth.,Cuba,Slaves began being seen in Cuba much earlier than in any of the other New World countries, and lasted until much later. The slaves greatly contributed to the economy and population of Cuba. The Portu

26、guese, Spanish, and English all brought slaves to Cuba, taking them from different areas in Africa. The arrival of slaves from all of these different areas led to cultural diversity in Cuba, creating many different groups of people. The different ethnic groups led to warfare, and other problems betw

27、een the people in Cuba.,The Caribbean,The Caribbean climate was ideal for such crops as sugar and tobacco. The need for these products in Europe led to an increased need for slave labor throughout the Caribbean. Due to this fact, slaves were imported by the hundreds into the Caribbean region to work

28、 for slave owners who quickly became extremely wealthy. The Africans helped the people of the Caribbean, while also causing problems such as beginning slave revolts. The slaves that survived the harsh environment they lived in, helped make up the majority of the population on the island, leading to

29、the majority of Africans still living on the Caribbean islands today.,The United States,The slave trade affected the United States in many ways. With the arrival of slaves in the colonies, wealthy people were able to buy slaves and begin successful plantations for crops such as cotton. Slaves helped

30、 the United States become a successful area with a strong economy. Slaves also brought on problems such as revolts, and were the main reason for programs like the Underground Railroad. African Americans still make up 10% of the population in the United States today.,In general, a couple of main cont

31、ributing factors led to the decline and abolition of the slave trade in most countries. Some of the factors include that there was an exhaustion of supplies, because slavery had evolved into a system of dependant labor, and because it was officially abolished in most countries.,How and When the Slav

32、e Trade Ended in Various Areas,England,England was the first nation to officially abolish slavery. The English Quakers initiated the British abolition movement in 1783 when they began an antislavery petition. Many believe that slavery here was abolished because the British began to move their concen

33、trated from the Caribbean in the west, to India in the east. At this time, England switched their main economic policy from protectionism to laissez-faire. The abolition of slavery in England served as an impetus for the abolition of slavery in other nations.,Haiti,The slave trade in Haiti ended in

34、1791, when the slaves organized a successful rebellion, and took over the island from the French. After ousting all French from the island, they founded the first nation to be ruled by all Africans. In 1804, the Haitians were officially recognized as emancipated people. This rebellion ended the slav

35、e trade in Haiti, although American marines later regulated it.,Brazil,The slave trade ended abruptly in Brazil with the abolition of slavery in 1888. Workers from Italy, France, and other countries traveled into Brazil to work on the plantations. Later, the coffee industry toppled, causing problems

36、 throughout the country.,Cuba,The slave trade began ending as early as 1526, when a Royal Decree allowed Cuban slaves to buy their freedom. After this, freed slaves lived and interacted with the Spaniards, that still controlled the island.,The Caribbean,The slave trade in the Caribbean began to end

37、in 1791, with a widespread slave uprising. Later, in 1794, The French National Convention emancipated all French colonial slaves. This convention ended the slave trade in the Caribbean.,The United States,The antislavery movement in the United States had many problems. Mainly, the country was divided

38、 over the issue. Most of the Northern states had already voluntarily abolished slavery, but most of the Southern states relied heavily on slaves to operate the many plantations. This conflict eventually led to the Civil War, and later the Emancipation Proclamation, which freed all slaves in 1808.,Conclusion,In conclusion we believe that the slave trade was an important piece of our history, despite the consequences that followed. There were many reasons for the slave trade. The Europeans needed laborers for their plantations and mines in the “New W