高考英语语法特殊句式(强调、省略、主谓一致、倒装及其他)课件外研版.ppt

1、特殊句式(强调、省略、主谓一致、倒装及其他),1强调句的基本句型是“It is/was被强调的部分that/who其他部分”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。 It is only children who make such stupid mistakes. (2009浙江卷)Ive read another book this week. Well，maybe it is not how much you read but what you read that counts. 是因为她妈妈病了，她昨天才没来上学的。 It was because her mother was ill

2、that she didnt come to school yesterday.,2强调句型的疑问句 只需将is/was提前，特殊疑问句的结构是“疑问词is/wasitthat从句”。 Was it yesterday that you met your teacher in the street? Who was it that told you such a thing? 究竟是为什么你昨天没有来开会？ Why was is that you didnt come to the meeting yesterday?,3Not until 的强调句 “It was not until.tha

3、t.”这个句型强调时间状语。 It was not until he took off his dark glasses that I recoganized him.,1.(2011沈阳检测)_ that made Mrs White so upset? Her sons making trouble in the school. AWhere was itBWhy was it CHow was it DWhat was it 解析：考查强调句型。句意为：是什么让怀特夫人这么难过？她儿子在学校惹事了。判断强调句型的要点是：当去掉“It is.that/who”时，剩下的句子结构仍然完整。这

4、里是强调句的疑问形式，由答语可知，这里句子的主语应该用What，而不是Where，Why或How。 答案：D,2(2011青岛一模)Where did you meet the famous actress? It was in the supermarket _ we went shopping last Sunday. Awhich Bthat Cwhere Dthere 解析：该题考查句式。该题实际考查的是定语从句，修饰先行词supermarket。很多考生可能会误认为是强调句。 答案：C,3(2010南昌二模)The police were seeking more informati

5、on to find out _ the rich merchant. Awho it was that killed Bwho was it that killed Cit was who killed Dwho was it killed 解析：考查强调句型。强调句型的疑问句结构为：疑问词is itthat.而这里是强调句的疑问句结构作宾语，故用正常的陈述语序，所以答案为A。 答案：A,1在when，while，whenever，till，as soon as，if，unless，as if，though，as等引导的状语从句中，若谓语有be动词，而主语又与主句主语相同或主语是it时，从句

6、的主语和be常被省略。 Unless (I am) invited，I wont go to the party. When (you are) working，you must pay attention. 明天早点起床，如果不的话，你会错过早班车。 Get up early tomorrow，if not (you dont get up early)，you will miss the first bus.,2不定式省略，单独使用不定式符号to (1)用来代替动词不定式后被省略的动词，常在be afraid，be glad，forget，hope，intend，like，love，mea

7、n，prefer，refuse，seem，try，want，wish等的后边。 (2009江苏卷)Whats the matter with Della? Well，her parents wouldnt allow her to go to the party，but she still hopes to. Will you join in the game？ Id be glad to。,(2)如果不定式中含有be，have，have been，通常保留be，have和have been。 Are you a sailor？ No，but I used to be。 1.(2010全国卷)

8、Though_to see us，the professor gave us a warm welcome. Asurprising Bwas surprised Csurprised Dbeing surprised,解析：考查省略。句意为：教授看到我们，虽然很惊讶，但还是热情地欢迎了我们。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。B项为谓语动词形式，故排除；分析句子结构可知though 后面省略了主语和谓语the professor was，而surprising表示事物的性质和特征，不符合语境；D项在结构上不正确。surprised 表示人的心理感受，故答案为C项。 答案：C,2(2011潍坊质量监测)

9、When people cut down big trees，new trees should be planted._they will have no trees to cut down in the future. AIf not BIf so CIf no so DIf dont 解析：考查省略。句意为：当人们砍倒大树时，应该种植新树，不然的话，他们以后就没有树木可砍了。if not如果不，不然；if so如果这样的话。 答案：A,3(2011烟台检测)He is rather difficult to make friends with，but his friendship，_，is

10、 more true than any other. Aonce gained Bwhen to gain Cafter gaining Dwhile gaining 解析：这里“once gained”是once the friendship is gained的省略，由此可知，the friendship与gain之间存在“被动关系”，所以这里选A。 答案：A,1就近一致原则 (1)由or，either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致。 (2009湖南卷)Either you or one o

11、f your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. Not only the nurses but also the doctor is very kind to the patients.,注意：如果主语后面带有as well as，as much as，no less than，along with，with，like，rather than，together with，but，except，besides，including，in addition to等引导的短语时，句中谓语动词的单复数取决于主语的单复数。 (2

12、009陕西卷)Dr Smith，together with his wife and daughters，is going to visit Beijing this summer. In my opinion，he，rather than you，is to blame.,(2)由there，here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。 文具盒内有一支铅笔和两支钢笔。 There is a pencil and two pens in the pencilbox. 2意义一致原则 (1)谓语动词为单数的情况 由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现。 T

13、he worker and writer is from Wuhan.,作并列主语的单数名词前分别有each，every，no修饰时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。 Each boy and each girl wants to work hard. No teacher and no student likes the film. 非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语。 Persuading him to join us seems really hard. To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit. Whatever was left was

14、 taken away.,注意：what 引导的主语从句，谓语动词一般用单数形式，若从句谓语或从句后的表语是复数形式，则谓语动词用复数形式。 What they need are books. (2)谓语动词用复数的情况 由and 连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念。 Both bread and butter are sold out. people，police，cattle等有生命的集体名词作主语。 People read for pleasure during their spare time.,1.(2011厦门市质量检测)Either the ways or the time_y

15、et，but you may ask the headmaster for some information. Aisnt decided Bhasnt decided Carent decided Dhavent decided 解析：考查语态与主谓一致。本句的主语由either.or.连接，谓语动词应该与or后面的名词保持一致，使用单数；根据语意可知，应该使用被动语态。 答案：A,2(2010海淀第二学期期末)Have you heard that Jones，along with her parents，_to Hainan for the winter vacation? Really

16、？No wonder I havent seen her these days. Ahas been Bhave been Chas gone Dhave gone 解析：考查主谓一致和词义辨析。主语中心词是Jones，是单数，所以所填词用单数形式；根据应答句中No wonder 后的从句意思可知所填词意思是去了，动词用go，选C。 答案：C,1表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语，如here，there，now， then，up，down，in，away，off，out，in the room，on the wall等，置于句首时，完全倒装。 Be quick！Here comes the bus

17、. (2009福建卷)For a moment nothing happened. Then came voices all shouting together. Out rushed the children. 注意：上述情况中，若主语是人称代词，则不用倒装。 Away they went. Over it turns！,2表语放句首时倒装结构：表语连系动词主语(表语可以是：形容词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词) Present at the meeting were Professor White，Professor Smith and many other guests. Gone ar

18、e the boys when we had a good time at the mountain village. 3.当“so/such that”结构中的so或such位于句首时，例如： So beautiful was she that many men would like to dance with her at the party. Such an honest boy is he that he gave back the change to me after shopping.,1.(2010陕西卷)John opened the door.There _he had never seen before. Aa girl did stand Ba girl stood Cdid a girl stand Dstood a girl 解析：句意为：约翰打开门，那里站着一个他从未见过的姑娘。本题考查倒装句型。当there，here，away，down等副词置于句首且主语为名词时，要用完全倒装形式。 答案：D,2(2009上海卷)Hearing the dog barking fiercely，away_. Afleeing the t