名词从句专项练习very good.ppt

1、主语从句 表语从句 宾语从句 同位语从句,它的功能相当于名词,名词性从句,She missed us very much. She was writing a letter. She would visit the Great Wall.,She said that,宾语从句,(1) 老师说光比声传播快 The teacher said that light travels much faster than sound. (2) 老人说太阳东方升起西方落下 The old man said the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.,我告诉他

2、我马上回来 I told him (that) I would come back soon. 他说他已经读完这部小说 He said (that) he had finished reading this novel 他说他还要再借一本 He said (that) that he would borrow 、 another one,注：并列第二个以上的宾语从句,或有插入语 时不能省略that.),He said (that) he had finished reading this novel and that he would borrow another one.,. 他告诉我他回来

3、并会准时来 He told me（ that） he would come and that he would come on time.,2.that在宾语从句中的省略与保留,他们装作在房间里读书 They pretended that they were reading in the room.,当that 引导的从句作复合宾语的第一个成分时， 需用先行词it 作形式宾语，把从句放到句末， that 不能省略。 我们认为他生病是可能的 We consider it possible that he is ill.,我们认为小王昨天没来很奇怪 (1) We thought it strang

4、e that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday. 他清楚表明任何人违法都将受到惩罚 (2) He has made it clear that anyone who breaks the law is to be punished.,这种句型的谓语动词有think, make, feel, find, consider.,2. 由wh-疑问词引导。,我们完全理解他所说的 We fully understood what he meant. 去问问他昨天为什么晚了 Go and ask why he was late yesterday. 我问他进展的咋样 I a

5、sked how he was getting on. 我们选任何适合的人 We will choose whoever is fit.,我不知道你在谈论啥 I didnt know what they were talking about. 你知道冬天为啥比夏天冷吗？ Do you know why winter is colder than summer? 他不能说出他家在那 He couldnt tell where his home was. 约翰让小孩坐着不动，保证啥也伤害不了他 John made the boy sit still, promising that nothing

6、would hurt him.,他问我我忙不忙 He asked me whether or not I was busy. whether 与if 有时可以换用，但下列情况只 能用whether.,当whether后紧跟or/or not时,不用if. I dont know whether I will stay or not. 介词后面的宾语从句不能用if. I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.,注意,1. whether和if都可以引导宾语从句,1. 介词后的宾从. 一切都靠明天天气是否好 Everything depends on wh

7、ether it is fine tomorrow. 2. whetheror not的宾从. 我不知道她是否会喜欢它 I dont know whether or not shell like it.,3. 复合不定式只能用whether. 告诉我是去是留 Tell us whether to go or stay here. 4.习惯上作discuss的宾从只用whether. 但: 宾语从句否定时常用if引导. 他问你是否去见他 He asked if you would not go and see him.,你告诉我的使我非常高兴 I was pleased by what he t

8、old me. 他总是注意老师所说的 He always pays attention to whatever the teacher says. 他讲述他怎样帮助老人找到她儿子 He told of how he helped the old woman to find her missing son.,这类形容词常见的有sure, certain, glad, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied等。 (1) 我肯定那晚你看起来非常漂亮 I am sure you looked beautiful that evening. (2)我们一

9、点不奇怪他比期望的晚回来3天 We were not surprised that he returned three days later than expected.,3、用作某些形容词的宾语从句：,(3) 大家都怕有人会发现他啥也看不见 Everyone was afraid that someone might find out that he could see nothing. (4) 母亲非常高兴女儿通过入学考试 Mother was very pleased (that) her daughter had passed the entrance exams.,二、主语从句 (1

10、)他能来是肯定的 That he will come is certain.,(2) 她是否能来没关系 Whether she is coming or not doesnt matter too much.,(3) 使我最吃惊的是看见一些村民坐在教室后面 What surprised me most was to see some of the village people seated on the benches at the end of the room.,(4) 哪个队会赢得比赛是公众关心的事 Which team will win the match is a matter of

11、 public concern. (5) 他去哪了还不知道 Where she has gone is not known yet.,当主语从句较长时，多放在句子后部，用 it 作形式主语。,以it作形式主语，把主语从句后置的常用句型有：,1. It+be+形容词+that从句,certain clear important necessary probable possible,It is/was,that clause,（1）她会考好是肯定的了 It is certain that she will do well in her exam. （2）他告诉我一切是可能的 It is prob

12、able that he told me everything.,2、It + be + 名词词组 + that从句,pity that clause shame duty,(1) It is a pity that we cant go. (2) It is no surprise that our team should have won the game.,It is / was a,3、It + be + 过去分词 + that从句,said reported thought hope d believed known,that clause,It is,(1) 据说他是班级最好的学生

13、 It is said that he is the best student in the class. (2) 据认为乔驾车很差 It is thought that Joe drives badly.,4、It + seem, happen, appear等不及物 动词 + that从句。 (1) 看起来爱丽丝根本不能去舞会 It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. (2) 碰巧我那天外出 It happened that I was out that day.,3. 表语从句,在句中作表语的句子叫表语从句。,引导表语从

14、句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if, because 引导。其基本结构为： 主语 + 系动词 + that从句,(1) 这就是汤姆所所读的 This was what Tom was reading. (2)事实是我从来 没去过那里 The truth is that I have never been there. (3) 看起来好像要下雨 It looks as if it is going to rain.,这就是他怎样克服这些困难 This is how we overcame the difficulties. 那就是她昨天为啥缺席 T

15、hat is why she was absent yesterday. 这房子就是鲁迅曾经住过的地方 The house is where Lu Xun once lived.,事实是我们输了比赛 The fact is that we have lost the game.,那就是我想要的 Thats just what I want.,这就是我们的问题所在 This is where our problem lies.,那就是他为啥没来开会 That is why he didnt come to the meeting.,.,这是因为他没赶上火车 This is because he

16、missed the train,当主语为it, that, this时, because 可以引导 句子, 出现在表语的位置上. 否则, because 应引导原因状语从句. 这是因为我们夏天离太阳近 It is because we are closer to the sun in summer. 这是因为他违法了 This is because he broke the law.,他来晚的原因是他差一分钟没赶上火车 The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning. 需要注

17、意的是，当主语是reason 时， 表语从句要用that引导而不是because。,他缺席的原因是前天睡的太晚早晨没起来 The reason of his absence is that he stayed up too late the night before and could not get up that morning.,他来晚的原因是他起床晚了 The reason why he was late was that he got up late.,表语从句的引导词与主语从句和宾语从句相同. 但: 1. that引导表语从句时不能省. 2. if不能引导表语从句. 3. seem

18、, appear后可接that引导的从句, 而look则不可. 这三个词后都可用as if / as though 引导从句. It seems / appears that he was late for the train yesterday. It seems / appears / looks as if we have to go home on foot.,看起来好像要下雨 It looks as if it is going to rain,引导名词性从句的引导词归纳起来可分为以下三类,同位语从句在句中作某些名词的同位语，这些名词常见的有，fact, news, hope, tr

19、uth, idea, suggestion, thought, question, order, problem, belief, doubt, fear等。引导同位语从句的连词通常有that和whether, what, why, how等。,四、同位语从句,1.Two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet./ The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot.,2.The Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China./ We hea

20、rd the news last night.,_,The fact that two thirds of all girls are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot.,_,We heard the news last night that the Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China.,4.Time travel is possible./ There is no scientific proof for the idea.,5.Chinese student

21、s should be given more free time./ The suggestion is welcomed by many people, especially kids in school.,3.Teenagers should not spend too much time online./ Many British parents hold the view.,_,Many British parents hold the view that teenagers shouldnt spend too much time online.,_,There is no scie

22、ntific proof for the idea that time travel is possible.,_,_,The suggestion that Chinese students should be given more free time is welcomed by many people, especially kids in school.,(1) 他们表达他们要再来参观中国的愿望 They expressed the hope that they would come over to visit China again. (2) 我们都知道地球围绕太阳转的事实 We a

23、ll know the truth that the earth goes round the sun. (3) 他啥也没说的事实使我们很吃惊 The fact that she had not said anything surprised all of us.,(4)他们问我这工作值不值得做的问题 They asked me the question whether the work was worth doing. (5) 这是否对的问题还没定论 The problem whether it is right or wrong has not yet been decided.,我不知道

24、她什么时候回来 I have no idea when she will be back.,同位语从句和定语从句的区别：,that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略； that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。,I had no idea that you were here.,Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？,(that引导同位语从句,不能省略）,(that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）,试比较： H

25、e put forward the suggestion that the second question should be discussed first. （同位语从句） The suggestion that he had put forward was turn down. （定语从句）,注意：同位语从句和定语从句的区别是：前者说明名词的内容，后者说明名词的性质特征；前者所用连词that不是从句的一个成分，后者所用关系代词that是从句中的一个成分。,下面就运用名词性从句时要注意的几个方面作以归纳：,1.语序 在名词性从句中，从句一律使用陈述语序。特别要注意由连接代词和连接副词引导的

26、从句 (what, who, which, when, where, now, why等), 不可用特殊疑问句的影响而用了疑问句语序。如：,(1) I wonder who she is. (2) The question is when well complete the works. (3) Whether she is coming or not doesnt matter too much.,2. 时态： 学习名词性从句时，除了要注意从句的引导词，语序等外，还要注意从句谓语动词与主句谓语动词的时态一致关系。,(2)、在主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句中，也要注意从句谓语动词与主句谓语动词

27、的时态一致性。关键要注意动作发生的先后关系。如：,(1) Who will be sent abroad has not been decided. （主句是现在完成时，从句是一般将来时） (2) The earth of today is not what it was millions of years ago.（主句是一般现在时，从句是一般过去时),3、几组易混引导词的区别,(1) What 与 that 在句词性从句中，what和that都可作关连词，其区别在于：what在从句中要充当某个成分（主语、宾语或表语等）,因此在任何情况下都不能省略，表示“什么”，所的事（物、话），相当于th

28、e thing that或which。that本身没有词汇意义，在名词从句中不充当任何成分，在口语和非正式文体中，宾语从句中的that经常省略。如：,(1) 你所做的可能伤害别人 What you have done might do harm to others. (2) 所引起这个事故的是一个神奇 What caused the accident is a complete mystery . (3)我认为你会喜欢这枚邮票 I think (that) you will like the stamps.,(1) 直接与or not 边用时，只用whether, 不用if I dont kn

29、ow whether or not hell come.,(2)介词后面的宾语从句用whether, 不用if,Everything depends on whether the situation will improve.,(2) whether 和 if的区别： whether 和 if 引导宾语从句时可以互换使用，但下列情况用whether不用if。,(3)引导的宾语从句放在句首时，用whether,不用if Whether he has stolen the money, I dont know.,（5）引导主语从句和表语从句以及同位语从句用whether不用if Whether w

30、ell go depends on the weather. The question is whether it is worth doing. (6)某些动词，如discuss等后习惯上只用 whether引导宾语从句，不用if We discussed whether we should hold a meeting.,(4) whether 可用在不定式前，if 则不能.,Please tell me whether to go or not.,Whether和if引导的宾语从句时，二者常可互换。 I dont know if/whether you are satisfied wit

31、h your work. 引导否定的宾语从句时，通常用if 不用whether I dont care if it doesnt rain.,注意,doubt用于肯定结构时，后面用whether/ if 引导名词性从句；用于否定结构或疑问结构时，后面用 that 引导名词性从句。be sure 用于肯定句或疑问句时，后接 that 引导的名词性从句；用于否定句时，后接whether/if 引导的名词性从句。,I dont doubt (that) you will succeed. I dont know whether/if he will come tonight. I doubt if /whether you will keep y