Unit Two.ppt

1、Unit Two,Writing the outline,Many topics related outline writing,Definition of an outline Function of an outline Reasons for writing an outline Outline forms The process of writing an outline,1.What is an outline,An outline is a great way to organize your thoughts as well as organize information fro

2、m what youve read. It provides a brief, overall view to correlate and rearrange ideas. The purpose of an outline is to help you think through your topic carefully and organize it logically before you start writing. A good outline is the most important step in writing a good paper.,An outline is:,A l

3、ogical, general description A schematic summary An organizational pattern A visual and conceptual design of your writing An outline reflects logical thinking and clear classification,2.Why do we need an outline before writing a paper,General: a. Aids in the process of writing Specific: a. Helps you

4、organize your ideas b. Presents your material in a logical form c. Shows the relationships among ideas in your writing d. Constructs an ordered overview of your writing e. Defines boundaries and groups,3. Four Main Components for Effective Outline,(1)Parallelism - How do I accomplish this? Each head

5、ing and subheading should preserve parallel structure. If the first heading is a verb, the second heading should be a verb. Example: Choose Desired Colleges Prepare Application (Choose and Prepare are both verbs. The present tense of the verb is usually the preferred form for an outline),(2) Coordin

6、ation - How do I accomplish this?,All the information contained in Heading 1. should have the same significance as the information contained in Heading 2. The same goes for the subheadings (which should be less significant than the headings).,(3) Subordination - How do I accomplish this?,The informa

7、tion in the headings should be more general, while the information in the subheadings should be more specific. Example:.Describe an influential person in your life A. Favorite high school teacher B. Grandparent,(4)Division - How do I accomplish this?,Each heading should be divided into 2 or more par

8、ts. Example:.Compile resume A. List relevant coursework B. List work experience C. List volunteer experience (The heading Compile resume is divided into 3 parts.),4. Form of an Outline,The most important rule for outlining form is to be consistent! An outline can use topic or sentence structure, or

9、paragraph .,A topic outline uses words or phrases for all entries and uses no punctuation after entries.Advantages: presents a brief overview of work and is generally easier and faster to write than a sentence outline.,A sentence outline uses complete sentences for all entries and uses correct punct

10、uation.Advantages: presents a more detailed overview of work including possible topic sentences and is easier and faster for writing the final paper.,Outline Sample One(phrase outline),I. INTRODUCTION - (Brief comment leading into subject matter - Thesis statement on Shakespeare) II. BODY - Shakespe

11、ares Early Life, Marriage, Works, Later Years A. Early life in Stratford 1. Shakespeares family a. Shakespeares father b. Shakespeares mother 2. Shakespeares marriage a. Life of Anne Hathaway b. Reference in Shakespeares Poems,B. Shakespeares works 1. Plays a. Tragedies i. Hamlet ii. Romeo and Julie

12、t b. Comedies i. The Tempest ii. Much Ado About Nothing c. Histories i. King John ii. Richard III iii. Henry VIII2. Sonnets 3. Other poems,C. Shakespeares Later Years 1. Last two plays 2. Retired to Stratford a. Death b. Burial i. Epitaph on his tombstone,III. CONCLUSION A. Analytical summary 1. Sha

13、kespeares early life 2. Shakespeares works 3. Shakespeares later years B. Thesis reworded C. Concluding statement,Outline Sample Two (Sentence Outline),Choices in College and After Thesis: The decisions I have to make in choosing college courses, depend on larger questions I am beginning to ask myse

14、lf about my lifes work. I. I have two decisions to make with respect to choosing college courses in the immediate future. A. One is whether to elect a course in art history or in chemistry. 1. One time in my life, I planned to be a chemical engineer professionally. 2. On the other hand, I enjoy art

15、and plan to travel and see more of it.,B. The second decision is whether to continue a third year of French beyond the basic college requirement. 1. French might be useful both in engineering and travel. 2. Furthermore, I am eager to read good books which are written in French. 3. How necessary are

16、these considerations in the light of other courses I might take instead?,II. My problem can be put in the form of a dilemma involving larger questions about my whole future.A. On the one hand I want to hold a highly-trained position in a lucrative profession.B. On the other hand I want to lead a cer

17、tain kind of life, with capacities for values not connected with the making of money.,III. I will have to make a decision balancing the conflicting needs I have described. A. I will hold open the professional possibilities by electing chemistry. B. I will improve and solidify what cultural proficien

18、cy in another language I have already gained, by electing French.,Two types: Roman Numerals,An outline can use Roman numerals, letters or decimal formI. A. B. 1. 2. a. b.,Decimal( most common one),1.01.1 .2.1 ,5. Outline Conventions,Ideas of equal importance in the overall co

19、ncept of the paper will have the same kind of symbol. Roman numerals show the major divisions of the paper. The first subdivisions are indicated by capital letters. Further dividing is by Arabic numerals and then by lowercase letters.,Computers, Government Files and Personal Privacy I. Bases of pers

20、onal privacy A. Constitution B. Definition II. Fears of government intrusiveness A. Government takeovers B. Private autonomy III. Government record keeping A. Extent of individual record storage B. Sources of information,Symbols in an outline must always appear at least in pairs.,Every symbol in an

21、outline is followed by a period except for a decimal outline.,Outline Conventions,All symbols of the same kind should be in a vertical line.,Computers, Government Files and Personal Privacy 1. Bases of personal privacy 1.1 Constitution 1.2 Definition 2. Fears of government intrusiveness 2.1 Governme

22、nt takeovers 2.2 Private autonomy 3. Government record keeping 3.1 Extent of individual record storage 3.2 Sources of information,Capitalize the first letter of the first word after every symbol.,Grammatically complete sentences require normal sentence punctuation.,Begin succeeding lines of writing

23、under the first word after a symbol.,5. The process of writing an outline,The Process,Thesis Statement,To begin an outline, you need to start with your thesis statement. The thesis statement will be your guide throughout the process of writing your essay. From the thesis statement, you can begin wri

24、ting the topic sentences for the body paragraphs in the outline.,ESSAY OUTLINE Thesis Statement,Topic Sentence #1,Topic Sentence #2,Topic Sentence #3,The Process,Topic Sentences,The topic sentence for each body paragraph should support the thesis statement. The topic sentences need to agree with the

25、 main idea or subpoints in the thesis statement; otherwise, the essay could be confusing.,Thesis Statement A job interview can often make or break your chances of getting your dream job. There are several things that you can do in an interview to increase the possibility of your success such as dres

26、sing properly, answering interview questions thoroughly, and asking good questions at the end of the interview.,The Process,Topic Sentences,Topic Sentence Paragraph #1: The way you dress can have a big impact on an interview panels first impressions of you.,Topic Sentence- Paragraph #2: An interview

27、 is an opportunity for potential employers to get to know you better, so it is important that you answer each question as completely as possible.,Topic Sentence- Paragraph #3: By preparing some thoughtful questions for the end of the interview, you can show the panel that you have prepared for the i

28、nterview and want the job.,The Process,Supporting Details,Under the topic sentence for each paragraph, list some of the supporting details, examples, or ideas you want to include in each paragraph.,The Process,Supporting Details,II. Body Paragraph #1: Topic Sentence: The way you dress can have a big

29、 impact on an interview panels first impressions of you. A. Men and women should consider wearing dark suits. B. Conservative dress will show the interview panel you are serious about what you do. C. Dont carry too many things into the interview. A notebook, pens, and/or laptop computer should be ca

30、rried in a briefcase. D. Hair and nails should be clean and neat.,supporting details, examples, and ideas,Introduction- Thesis Statement: A job interview can often make or break your chances of getting your dream job. There are several things that you can do in an interview to increase the possibili

31、ty of your success such as, dressing properly, answering interview questions thoroughly, and asking good questions at the end of the interview. Body Paragraph #1: Topic Sentence: The way you dress can have a big impact on an interview panels first impressions of you. A. Men and women should consider

32、 wearing dark suits. B. Conservative dress will show the interview panel you are serious about what you do. C. Dont carry too many things into the interview. A notebook, pens, and/or laptop computer should be carried in a briefcase. D. Hair and nails should be clean and neat. III.Body Paragraph #2:

33、Topic Sentence: An interview is an opportunity,for potential employers to get to know you better, so it is important that you answer each question as completely as possible. A. Ask interviewers to repeat questions you dont understand. B. Take some time to think about the questions before you answer.

34、 C. A notebook to write down key words in interview questions is sometimes helpful. IV.Body Paragraph #3: Topic Sentence: By preparing some thoughtful questions for the end of the interview, you can show the panel that you have prepared for the interview and want the job. A. Research the job and/or

35、company before you go to the interview. B. The interview is your opportunity to get to know your potential employer. Ask questions about company goals, mission, expectations of employees, etc. C. Dont ask questions about benefits or salary during the interview. You should try to get this information

36、 before you apply for the job. Conclusion: Dont underestimate the importance of a good interview.,Example Outline,Introduction- Thesis Statement: Body Paragraph #1: Topic Sentence: There are many advantages to a vegetarian diet. A. Vegetarians ingest less fat and cholesterol and are therefore at less risk for heart disease. B. Vegetarians eat mostly fresh vegetables and are therefore less likely to ingest cancerous agents such as preservatives. C. Given sufficient space, egetarians can grow much of their own food, which is both safer an