link 22 functional architecture：链接22功能结构.ppt

1、LINK 22 PRESENTATION,CDR Antonio Scarciglia Italian Representative To The NILE PMO,Dr. Kevin Buck NILE Program Manager,INFORMATION NOT RELEASEABLE FOR COMMERCIAL USE OR BEYOND IMMEDIATE AUDIENCE WITHOUT PRIOR PERMISSION OF THE NILE PMO,OUTLINE,LINK 22 Background Functional Architecture Operational C

2、haracteristics Technical Characteristics LINK 22 On-The-Air Test,LINK 22 BACKGROUND,OBJECTIVE OF THE NILE PROGRAM Design a New Tactical Data Link System (Link 22) Consisting of a Computer to Computer Digital Data Link Among Tactical Data Systems Equipped Ships, Submarines, Aircraft and Shore Sites,

3、which will Meet the Requirements of the NATO Staff Requirement, Dated 09 March 1990.,REQUIREMENTS Operational: NATO Staff Requirement, Revised Mar 90 System, Functional and Performance: NATO Elementary Requirements Document, 12 December 94 GOALS Replace Link 11 (Eventually) Complement Link 16 Improv

4、e Allied Interoperability Enhance Commanders War-fighting Capability,LINK 22 BACKGROUND (Cont.),LINK 22 BACKGROUND (Cont.),The Link 22 Has Been Developed Collaboratively by Seven Nations Under the Aegis of a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) Six of the Seven NILE Nations Are Conducting The In-Servic

5、e Support (ISS) Phase Under a New MOU That Came Into Effect on July 2002 The Current ISS MOU Will Remain in Effect for Five (5) Years, Until July 2007 Spain Has Applied to Join NILE United States Is Host Nation,NILE/LINK 22 SCHEDULE,NATIONAL LINK 22 PROGRAMS,OUTLINE,LINK 22 Background Functional Arc

6、hitecture Operational Characteristics Technical Characteristics LINK 22 On-The-Air Test,LINK 22 FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE,NILE Communications Equipment (NCE),Link 22 System,LLC,SNC,DLP,TDS,Radio,SPC,SPC,Radio,SPC,Radio,SPC,Radio,MLTT & NRS,National Development,National Development,NILE Products,NILE P

7、roducts,LINK 22 FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE,Tactical Data System (TDS) National Development Activity Data Link Processor (DLP) National Development Activity (Based on Common Interoperability Requirements) System Network Controller (SNC) Development Complete Software Available Through NILE PMO and NILE N

8、ations Link Level COMSEC Device (LLC) Available By December 2003 LLC Simulator Available,LINK 22 FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE,NILE Communications Equipment (NCE),Link 22 System,LLC,SNC,DLP,TDS,Radio,SPC,SPC,Radio,SPC,Radio,SPC,Radio,MLTT & NRS,National Development,National Development,LINK 22 FUNCTIONAL

9、ARCHITECTURE,Data Link Processing (DLP) Interfaces with National TDS Services Tactical Data (STANAG 5522) Implements ADatP-22 Procedures Interfaces with the SNC,LINK 22 FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE,NILE Communications Equipment (NCE),Link 22 System,LLC,SNC,DLP,TDS,Radio,SPC,SPC,Radio,SPC,Radio,SPC,Radio,

10、MLTT & NRS,National Development,National Development,LINK 22 FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE,SYSTEM NETWORK CONTROLLER (SNC) Common Software Development Ensures Interoperability Provides Message Delivery Service Provides Network Management Capabilities via Management Function (MF) Performs Dynamic TDMA, Rel

11、ay & Routing, Late Network Entry Interfaces: DLP and LLC Portable to Standard COTS Hardware Tested in WinNT, HPUX and Solaris Operating Environments,LINK 22 FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE,NILE Communications Equipment (NCE),Link 22 System,LLC,SNC,DLP,TDS,Radio,SPC,SPC,Radio,SPC,Radio,SPC,Radio,MLTT & NRS,N

12、ational Development,National Development,LINK 22 FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE,LINK LEVEL COMSEC (LLC) Provides Communications Security (COMSEC) Data Integrity Checksum Guards Against Undetected Message Errors Chipset Commonality with Link-16 Each LLC Supports up to 4 Nile Networks (NN) Using Same KEY SNC

13、 supports up to 4 LLCs with Same/Different KEY,LINK 22 FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE,NILE Communications Equipment (NCE),Link 22 System,LLC,SNC,DLP,TDS,Radio,SPC,SPC,Radio,SPC,Radio,SPC,Radio,MLTT & NRS,National Development,National Development,LINK 22 FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE,SIGNAL PROCESSING CONTROLLER

14、(SPC) National Development Responsibility Performs Modulation/Demodulation, EDAC (Error Detection and Correction) and Reception Quality Assessment Interface: LLC, Radio and Time Of Day Standard TOD must be accurate to within 1 millisecond of UTC Transmits/Receives Data: HF FF 1493 to 4053 bpsSTANAG-

15、4539 HF EPM 500 to 2200 bpsSTANAG-4444 UHF FF 12,667 bpsSTANAG-4205 UHF EPM ClassifiedSTANAG-4372,LINK 22 FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE,NILE Communications Equipment (NCE),Link 22 System,LLC,SNC,DLP,TDS,Radio,SPC,SPC,Radio,SPC,Radio,SPC,Radio,MLTT & NRS,National Development,National Development,LINK 22 FU

16、NCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE,RADIO SYSTEMS HF FF and UHF FF Utilize Existing Link 11 Radios HF FF: 3 KHz Upper Sideband Audio Port on HF Radios UHF FF: 16 Kbps (KY-58) Port on UHF Radios HF EPM and UHF EPM Require Frequency Hopping Radio Systems: National Development Responsibility Link 22 Requirements Inc

17、orporated into EPM Radio STANAGs (4444 And 4372) EPM Radios require Transmission Security (TRANSEC) Device to Control Frequency Hopping Patterns EPM Radios May Require Interface to Time Of Day Standard,OUTLINE,LINK 22 Background Functional Architecture Operational Characteristics Technical Character

18、istics LINK 22 On-The-Air Test,IMPROVEMENT OF LINK 11,Link 22 Overcomes The Following Link 11 Limitations: Lack of Electronic Protection Measures (EPM) Insufficient Capacity in Terms of Tactical Message Throughput Insufficient Robustness (esp. Reliance on NCS) Insufficient Error Detection and Correc

19、tion Inflexible and Slow Data Link Procedures Message Standard Limitations Limited Routing,LINK 11 OPERATION VICE LINK22,Differences Link 22 Has No Net Control Station Link 11 Does Not Distiguish Between Urgent and Routine Information Link 22 Has Built In Relay Commonalities The Same Frequencies (HF

20、 And UHF Fixed Frequency) The Same Radios (HF And UHF FF) Thats It! Link 22 Has More In Common With Link 16 Than Link 11,Link 11 Roll Call,64,NCS,56,04,Multi-Network Multi-Network Membership,LINK 22 OPERATIONS,NU15,NU21,NU19,NU10,NU24,NU17,NU9,NU 23,NU20,NU13,NU14,NU9,NU16,IS,NU6,NU11,NU2,NU2,NU6,NU

21、9,NU7,NU12,NU1,NU3,Interrupt Slot,NU5,NU9,NU17,IS,NU18,NU26,NU8,NU16,NU24,NU7,NU15,NN1 - HF,NN2 HF EPM,NN4 UHF EPM,NN3 - UHF,Multi-Media,LINK 22 OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS,KEY FEATURES Dynamic Time Division Multiple Access Dynamic Congestion Management Multi-Media/Multi-Network Routing and Relay Mi

22、ssion Area Sub Networks Late Network Entry Dynamic Reconfiguration/Initialization,Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) NILE Units (NUs) Have Pre-assigned Time Slots Interrupt Slot Available for Injection of High Priority Messages Time Slots Can be Dynamically Exchanged or Modified (DTDMA),LINK 22 OP

23、ERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS,NU2,NU7,NU8,NU3,NU4,NU6,NU5,NU1,Interrupt Slot,NU3,LINK 22 OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS,The Group of all NUs is Known as the Super Network (SN) A SN Can Consist of a Maximum Number of 125 NILE Units (NU) SN Consists of up to 8 NILE Networks (NN) A NU Can Participate in up to

24、 4 NN on Same Media/Different Media The Link 22 Message Consists of 72 bits Each Tactical Message Is Based on Link 16Data Elements (STANAG 5522),LINK 22 OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS,Dynamic Congestion Management,Ask the DLP for message cancel authorization,Use alternative route,Revise the amount of d

25、ata to be transmitted,LINK 22 OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS,Automatic Routing and Relay Control of Relayers Available,NN 3,NN 1,LINK 22 OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS,Up to Twenty Three (23) Mission Area Sub Networks May be Established MASNs are an Addressing Scheme,SUPER NETWORK,NILE NETWORK 3,NILE NETW

26、ORK 2,NILE NETWORK 1,MASN 1,MASN 3,MASN 2,LINK 22 OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS,Late Network Entry (LNE) The Purpose of LNE Is to Allow Units Which Were Not Present at the Start of a NN/SN to Join LNE is Used when a NU is Completely New, i.e. It Was Not Listed in the Optask Link Message (OLM) and/or w

27、hen Media Parameters Have Changed From That in the OLM LNE Includes Now a “Silent Join” Option that Allows a Unit to Join the Network Without Making Any Transmission Operator Input is Minimal Considered to be an Automated Background Activity,LINK 22 OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS,Dynamic Reconfiguratio

28、n Each NN can be reconfigured: DTDMA (On or Off) Network Cycle Structure (NCS) The SN/NN Will Keep Operating During The Above Reconfigurations Re-Initialization New NNs can be started after SN Initialization Each NN can change Frequency, Waveform and Crypto Integrity Mode,NU 1: CN=LOW AD=SHORT,NU 2:

29、 CN=MED-LOW AD=MED-SHORT,NU 3: CN=MED-LOW AD=MED-SHORT,NU 4: CN=MED-HIGH AD=MED-SHORT,NETWORK CYCLE STRUCTURECASE 1,23 MS NCT = 2.59 sec,NU 1: CN=HIGH AD=SHORT,NU 2: CN=MED-HIGH AD=MED-SHORT,NU 3: CN=MED-LOW AD=MED-LONG,NU 4: CN=LOW AD=LONG,NETWORK CYCLE STRUCTURECASE 2,30 MS NCT = 3.375 sec,NCS COM

30、PUTATION RESULTS,23 MS NCT = 2.59 sec,30 MS NCT = 3.375 sec,LINK 22 OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS,Multiple Link 22 Networks Supplement Link 16. Link 22 Extends Multi-media Communication Capabilities to HF and UHF Frequency Bands. Link 22 Provides Enhanced Networking Capabilities. Link 22 and Link 16 U

31、tilize Common Data Structures.,LINK 22 OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS,Multiple Link 22 Networks Complement Link 16 Link 16 Is Primarily an AAW Data Link Frequently Relies on Airborne Relays Link 22, Originally Defined as Primarily Maritime (ASW/ASUW), Is More a General Purpose Data Link Extended Surfac

32、e Wave and Long Range Sky Wave HF Ship-Ship Relay Networking Extends Connectivity Link 22 Can Free up Additional Capacity for Link 16 Conversely, Link 22 Is Essential for Carrying Data that will Be “Pushed Off” of Link 16 During High Intensity Conflicts,LINK 22 OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS,Extends Mu

33、lti-Media Communication Capabilities to HF and UHF Frequency Bands: Cost Effective Use of Existing Link 11 HF and UHF Radios Relaying via Multiple Link 22 Networks Remains Available When Airborne Relay Unavailable Also provides Time/Frequency/Angle-of-Arrival Diversity Anti-jam capability via STANAG

34、 Compliant HF-EPM and UHF-EPM Radios (optional),LINK 22 OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS,Link 22 Provides Enhanced Networking Capabilities Nodeless TDMA, Continues to Operate Without Network Managers Enhanced Connectivity, Via Automatic Routing and Relay Interrupt Slots to Report High Priority Messages O

35、n-going Capacity Reallocation Via Dynamic TDMA Automated Optimization of Time Slot Allocations Automated Link Establishment and Re-configuration Automated Late Net Entry,LINK 22 OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS,Link 22 and Link 16 Utilize Common Data Structures: Most are FJ-series Messages (Same as J-Ser

36、ies) Efficient F-series Messages Use Many Common Data Elements Common JU/NU and Track Number (TN) Schemes. Supports Participant Location and Identification (PLI) Tracks Same Geodetic Coordinate System No Complicated Link 16 to/from Link 22 Data Translations,OUTLINE,LINK 22 Background Functional Arch

37、itecture Operational Characteristics Technical Characteristics LINK 22 On-The-Air Test,LINK 22 TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS,Media Types: HF FF, HF EPM, UHF FF and UHF EPM Coverage: Up to 1000 nautical miles Jam Resistance:Signal Processing with Error Detectionand Correction, Network PacketEncryption (C

38、OMSEC) and ECMresistance (TRANSEC) System Error Resistance: Goal of Bit Error Rate in Order of 10-4 Robustness: Non-nodal, Relay Available, Multiple Sub-Nets and Dynamic Route Selection Medium Access: Dynamic Time Division Multiple Access,BLOS TACTICAL DATA LINKS,Link-16 Line of Sight,Link 22 UHF LO

39、S,JRE,Link 22 HF BLOS,Link 22 Routing & Relay,LINK 22 TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS,Throughput:HF FF(QPSK max) 31 messages/sec (8PSK max) 45 messages/sec UHF FFApprox 150 messages/sec (Multi-Network Capability Makes These Numbers Bigger) User Data Rate:HF FF: 1493 4053bps HF EPM: 500 2200bps UHF FF: 126

40、67bps UHF EPM: Classified Its a Good Data Rate Considering a Narrow Bandwidth (W) and a Noisy Channel (Shannon Theorem Tells Us What is the Best We Can Do),LINK 22 TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS,HF FF: 6 Waveforms QPSK/8PSK, RS Coding UHF FF: 3 Waveforms, 16 Kbps NRZ FM, RS Coding HF EPM: 4 Waveforms, QPSK, Dual RS Coding UHF EPM: 4 Waveforms, Convolutional Coding 1/2, 16 Kbps NRZ FM,LINK 22 TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS,4 Different Modems, 4 Different Radio Systems, 17 Different Waveforms Make The Link 22 a Good Customer For JTRS The Modem And The Radio Can Be Combined i